Том 4 № 5 (2025)

The processes of obtaining humic simple superphosphate by disintegrating ordinary phosphate flour obtained from the Central Kyzylkum Desert with sulfuric acid in various proportions, adding acidic superphosphate mass before ammonization, and adding oxidized brown coal were studied. Agrochemical tests of humic simple superphosphate were conducted. The addition of oxidized carbon to the acidic superphosphate mass before ammonization and drying does not lead to a decrease in the content of ordinary superphosphate, as usually occurs when obtaining ordinary superphosphate by disintegrating phosphorites with sulfuric acid and drying. However, it leads to a significant increase in the relative content of Р₂О₅ in the assimilable composition of cotton.

This thesis explores how environmental awareness can be effectively integrated into English language instruction through the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach. In a time when environmental issues are at the forefront of global concerns, equipping students with both language skills and ecological knowledge is vital. The study examines how CLIL can be applied in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classrooms to promote critical thinking, environmental responsibility, and communicative competence simultaneously. Through sample lesson plans, teacher observations, and student feedback, the research highlights the benefits and challenges of combining content learning with language acquisition in the Uzbek educational context.

Ushbu hujjatda ko‘p foydalanuvchili Big Data Based Technology arxitekturasining nazariy asoslari keng yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda ko‘p foydalanuvchili tizimlarning umumiy tushunchasi, BBBT arxitekturasining xususiyatlari, tuzilishi, resurslarni boshqarish usullari, xavfsizlik masalalari, moslashuvchanlik va unumdorlik imkoniyatlari hamda afzallik va kamchiliklari tahlil qilinadi. Hujjatning maqsadi – ushbu arxitekturaning zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari sohasidagi ahamiyatini ko‘rsatish va uning amaliy qo‘llanilishi bo‘yicha nazariy asoslarni taqdim etishdan iborat. Tadqiqot natijasida BBBT arxitekturasining katta hajmdagi ma’lumotlarni boshqarish va ko‘p foydalanuvchilarga samarali xizmat ko‘rsatishdagi o‘rni ta’kidlanadi.

А. П. Чехов — один из самых выдающихся русских драматургов, внёсший значительный вклад в развитие русской литературы. Одним из его последних произведений стала пьеса «Вишнёвый сад», написанная в 1903 году. Это произведение отражает социальные изменения в России на рубеже веков и вызывает множество интерпретаций среди критиков и читателей. В данной работе будет рассмотрен символизм, проблематика и значение «Вишнёвого сада» в контексте эпохи и биографии автора.

Spirituality plays an important role in shaping the reading culture among young people. Reading books fosters spiritual and intellectual growth, ultimately contributing to the development of a well-rounded, mature, and perfect individual. In particular, the ideas, teachings, and works of Eastern thinkers offer valuable insights into key concepts such as personal development, spiritual enrichment, patriotism, and education.

As Uzbekistan embraces digital transformation, the rise of cybercrime poses significant threats to its economic stability and national security. This thesis critically examines Uzbekistan’s legal framework for combating cybercrime, focusing on key legislation such as the Criminal Code and the Law on Personal Data Protection. It identifies challenges in enforcement, including limited resources, outdated provisions, and the cross-border nature of cyber threats. The thesis proposes reforms, such as enhancing international cooperation, updating legal definitions, and investing in cybersecurity infrastructure, to strengthen Uzbekistan’s capacity to address cybercrime. By aligning its framework with global standards, Uzbekistan can safeguard its digital spaces and foster a secure digital economy.

O‘qish qobilyati nafaqat bilim olish ,balki fikrlash,tahlil qilish va ijodiy yondashuvni rivojlantirish uchun ham asos hisoblanadi. Zamonaviy dunyoda ma’lumotlar ko‘pligi tufayli samarali o‘qish qobilyatiga ega bo‘lish har bir inson uchun muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ushbu maqolada o‘qish qobilaytlarini oshirishning eng samarli usullari haqida to‘xtalib o‘tamiz .

Mazkur ilmiy ish XX asrning 1980-yillarida SSSR va Afg‘oniston o‘rtasidagi energetika aloqalari doirasida Amudaryo havzasining geosiyosiy o‘rnini tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqotda Amudaryomintaqaviy suv resurslari va energetika infratuzilmasining asosiy elementi sifatida mintaqadagi strategik ahamiyatini oshirgan. Shuningdek, suv resurslarini boshqarish va nazorat qilish orqali SSSR o‘zining geosiyosiy ta’sirini mustahkamlashga harakat qilgan.

В современное время уровень науки и техники требует предоставления каждому ученику осознанных и глубоких знаний. Поэтому основная цель образовательного процесса в школе – систематическое развитие творческого мышления учащихся, формирование научного мировоззрения и активности, используя различные педагогические методы. Если мы говорим, что страна, которая не воспитывает поколение, достойное завтрашнего дня, не имеет будущего, то труд учителей по воспитанию этого поколения – это великий труд. Поэтому начальное образование – это первый шаг непрерывного образования, сложный и ответственный период.

This paper explores the role of visual programming environments (VPEs) such as Scratch and Blockly in developing professional programming competence among future informatics teachers. The study emphasizes the integration of competency-based education principles into programming instruction, with a focus on the design and implementation of innovation-driven, learner-centered tasks. The methodology involves a qualitative analysis of task design principles and a pilot implementation in teacher education courses. Results indicate that visual programming fosters problem-solving, logical reasoning, and pedagogical reflection among pre-service teachers, making it a valuable tool for competency development in informatics education. The study also discusses challenges, including the need for curriculum alignment, instructor training, and transition to text-based programming.

При отправлении правосудия участники судебного процесса, особенно свидетели, несут высокую ответственность. Показания свидетеля имеют решающее значение для беспристрастного и правдивого решения суда по делу. Однако в жизни встречаются и случаи, когда свидетели дают ложную информацию, не соответствующую действительности. Это обстоятельство является серьезным препятствием для правильного ведения уголовного процесса и может стать причиной несправедливого приговора. По этой причине лжесвидетельство в уголовном праве определяется как преступление. В данной статье анализируется сущность преступления лжесвидетельства, его правовые основы, практические примеры и меры наказания.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in the field of cybersecurity, their effectiveness, and practical results. It analyzes how key AI technologies such as machine learning, in-depth learning, and anomaly detection work in security systems. In the process of ensuring cybersecurity, the functions of AI, such as machine learning, detection of unusual situations, and automated decision-making, are highlighted. Risks that can arise through artificial intelligence are also considered - in particular, such aspects as deepfake technologies, algorithmic errors, ethical problems, and counterattacks.

Ushbu maqolada masofaviy ta’lim va masofaviy ta’limning qo’llash usullari yaratish texnologiyalari ta’lim soxalarida tashklillashtirish tamoyillari keltirilgan hamda Informatika fanini o’rgatish bo’yicha uslubiy qo’llanmalar, unga tegishli bo’lgan xulosalar va  natijalar olingan.

This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the literary, cultural, and linguistic significance of English mythology and offers a theoretical and practical analysis of effective methods for teaching it to university students. The research explores the potential to develop students' language competence, intercultural perception, and literary thinking through mythological sources such as Beowulf, King Arthur legends, and Celtic folklore. The thesis substantiates the use of methods like contextual reading, dramatization, visual approaches, comparative analysis, and creative expression to train students to be active, independent, and critical thinkers. Teaching the semantic capabilities of English in its cultural context through mythological images and narratives is recommended as an important didactic approach.

В статье рассматривается роль сказки как эффективного средства обучения и воспитания младших школьников. Анализируется её влияние на формирование нравственных установок, развитие речи, воображения, эмоционального интеллекта и коммуникативных навыков. Отмечается значение сказки в коррекционно-развивающей и инклюзивной педагогике, а также в формировании культурной идентичности. Раскрываются возможности интеграции сказки в учебный и внеурочный процесс с использованием традиционных и цифровых технологий. Подчеркивается необходимость системного подхода к работе со сказочным текстом в начальной школе.

This article emphasizes the importance of teaching English and the use of games in teaching children. Various qualitative methods, including group and physical games like “Simon Says,” were used. The results show that games help create a fun, motivating, and effective learning environment for EFL students.

Sport mashg‘ulotlarini rejalashtirishda nazariy va amaliy yondashuvlar bir-birini to‘ldiradi hamda sportchilarning maksimal natijalariga erishish uchun zarurdir. Mashg‘ulotlar jarayonida jismoniy, texnik va psixologik tayyorgarlikni uyg‘unlashtirish muhim ahamiyatga ega. To‘g‘ri rejalashtirilgan treninglar sportchilarning o‘z salohiyatini to‘liq ochishga imkon yaratadi.

В статье рассматривается уникальное творчество Эльчина Сафарли, писателя, объединяющего в своих произведениях элементы восточной и западной культур. Через призму его текстов раскрываются темы традиций, личной свободы, чувственности и поиска себя.  Авторские образы и стиль Сафарли создают атмосферу глубокой эмоциональной вовлечённости. Сафарли родом из Баку, и это чувствуется каждой клеточкой его прозы. Восток в его книгах — живой, настоящий, без налёта экзотики и картинной пыльности. Это не восточные ковры и минареты на фоне заката — это душа, это внутреннее состояние. Это бабушка, которая варит варенье на маленькой кухне, где пахнет лавандой. Это разговоры о жизни с соседом на лавочке, это чай, который пьётся не ради утоления жажды, а ради общения.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems have emerged as a vital strategic tool in the commercial banking sector to improve customer satisfaction, retention, and profitability. In the highly competitive and digitalized financial services environment, CRM enables banks to gain deeper insights into customer behavior and preferences, allowing for more personalized service offerings. This article examines the effectiveness of CRM systems in commercial banks, outlining their benefits, implementation challenges, and role in enhancing bank performance and long-term customer loyalty.

mazkur maqolada global majburiy migratsiya keltirib chiqargan siyosiy inqirozning sabablari, oqibatlari falsafiy asosida tahlil qilingan.

The evolution of language represents a complex and multifaceted phenomenon central to human cognitive and social development. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin language emergence, change, and stabilization over time has been a longstanding challenge in linguistics, anthropology, and cognitive science. Recently, computational modeling has emerged as a powerful approach to investigate language evolution by simulating the interaction of agents engaged in learning, communication, and cultural transmission of language. This article explores the major computational paradigms employed to model language evolution, including agent-based models, iterated learning frameworks, and evolutionary game theory models. These computational approaches illuminate how linguistic structure can arise, be transmitted, and evolve within populations. Furthermore, advances in neural network-based learning models and large-scale empirical data integration are discussed as promising avenues for future research. Despite limitations, computational models continue to provide valuable insights into the dynamic processes shaping language and hold the potential to bridge gaps between theoretical predictions and observed linguistic phenomena.

This article explores the pragmatic aspects of a teacher’s speech in the classroom, focusing on how language use shapes communication, authority, and interaction in educational settings. The paper analyzes the functions of speech acts, contextual meanings, politeness strategies, and how these elements contribute to effective classroom management and learning. It also highlights the significance of understanding pragmatics for improving pedagogical practices.

The article highlights several key aspects of Samandar Vohidov’s literary mastery in composing taxmis muxammas. Demonstrating a deep understanding of classical poetic traditions, he skillfully connects his own lines to Alisher Navoiy’s ghazals of various themes—hamd (praise), ashiqona (romantic), and orifona (mystical, philosophical). In transforming the couplets into five-line stanzas, Vohidov meticulously preserves the poem’s original meter, rhyme, and refrain, which is a clear indication of his refined poetic craftsmanship.

В данной статье статистически анализируются факторы, оказывающие сильное влияние на основные макроэкономические показатели аграрной сети нашей страны и общее состояние экономики. Также на основе структурных изменений, происходящих в аграрном секторе, и динамических изменений основных экономических показателей отрасли, эти факторы были проанализированы различными статистическими методами и дана статистическая оценка их влияния в будущих периодах. В частности, на научных результатах основано влияние ВВП, ВРП, экономических категорий, действующих в сети, и их доли, земельной площади, доли и влияния малого бизнеса в сети.

In studies, about 20% of people who had COVID-19 later developed temporary hair shedding, which usually begins a few months after recovery from COVID-19. If you have hair shedding, you’ll see many more hairs than usual fall out all over your scalp.

Determination of morphometric indicators of myocardial structures of monoamniotic twins with common placenta born at different periods.