“Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023
161
APHORISMS ARE AS A PART OF PAREMIA
Ezoza ARZIMURODOVA
Master’s student Uzbekistan State World
Languages University
Paremia is a Greek word with a deep meaning, a wise word, a phrase, proverb.
Folklorists call the field that studies proverbs paremiology.
The word was first used in the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, a long and distinct series
of propositions concerning the symptoms and diagnosis of disease and the art of healing
and medicine. The often cited first sentence of this work is: “Life is short, art long,
opportunity fleeting, experience deceptive, judgment difficult.” This aphorism was later
applied or adapted to physical science and then morphed into multifarious aphorisms of
philosophy, morality, and literature.
Currently an aphorism is generally and logically understood to be a concise and
eloquent statement of truth. Aphorisms generally originate from experience and
custom. Aphorisms have been especially used in subjects to which no methodical or
truthfully scientific treatment was originally applied, such as agriculture, medicine,
jurisprudence and politics. A famous example is:
“Power tends to corrupt, and
absolute power corrupts
absolutely.” (Lord Acton) Aphoristic collections, sometimes known as wisdom
literature, have a prominent place in the canons of several ancient societies. Aphoristic
collections also make up an important part of the work of some modern authors.
It is important to mention that in many cultures authors of diverse literature
included aphorisms as well as maxims in their works in order to highlight diversity of
meaningful structures that clarify and reveal the depth of their work, emphasizing the
sensuality of works that helps readers to associate read material with their personalities.
Other important early aphorists collection influenced the work of both modern and old
writers.
Two influential collections of aphorisms published in the twentieth century were
The Uncombed Thoughts and Itch of Wisdom. Many societies have traditional sages
or culture heroes to whom aphorisms are commonly attributed. Misquoted or
“Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023
162
misadvised aphorisms are frequently used as a source of humor, for instance, wordplays
of aphorisms appear in the works of famous writers, playwrights and others.
Aphorisms being misquoted by sports players, coaches, and commentators form
the basis of section. Aphorisms are able to create references to the source text and
submit such text on the principle of metonymy.
Aphorisms that were created precisely as aphorisms can be found in numerous
collections of aphorisms or on Internet sites. The catch phrases and quotes created in
the context of speeches or works of authors are presented in a smaller volume. Vivid
representatives of aphorism as an independent genre can be called such great writers,
thinkers and philosophers as F. de La Rochefoucauld, N. Chamfort, B. Pascal, I.V.
Goethe, S.E. Lets et al (32). Nevertheless, most of the aphorisms are quotations from
more extensive works.
Due to their versatility and growing popularity, aphorisms act as an object of
research for a number of scientific disciplines. These are such humanitarian (mainly
philological) sciences as literary studies, philosophy (aphorism as a form of
philosophizing, for example, by F. Nietzsche), rhetoric (primarily in the historical
aspect); folklore and paremiology; theory of speech cliches; linguistic stylistics, text
linguistics, lexicology and phraseology; aphoristic lexicography (analysis of collections
of sayings, wise thoughts); theory
of intercultural communication (the aphoristic foundations of different linguistic
cultures are compared in typological terms); linguistic and regional studies (aphoristics
as a source of non-equivalent and background vocabulary); theory of linguistic
personality; intertextology (study of the phenomena of intertextuality) (33). Speaking
about aphorism, they comes from the word aphorisms, which denotes the delimitation,
distinction and definition, is a concise, terse, laconic, and memorable expression of a
general truth or principle.
They are often handed down by tradition from generation to generation. As a rule,
this aphorism has the form of an imperative, that is, the verbs in this statement are
imperative. And the imperative mood expresses the will, order, request, advice, guide
to action. “Never lose patience: this is the last key to open the door”. Some sentences
“Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023
163
can also be considered other type of aphorisms, although not having the form of an
imperative, but their content is a warning, a recommendation, an example, an
explanation, a clue how to act in certain life situations. In interpersonal communication,
quoting them has a manipulative effect on the interlocutor or the audience as a whole.
“It is useless, dangerous, unwise, ridiculous, vulgar, to detect your anger and hatred on
your face and in your words. Showing anger or hatred can only be done in reality.” The
aphoristic saying is a stable expression, taken out of context, and common among the
people. This is the simplest semantic construction, withdrawn from some other
expression, a work, a situation in an extremely compressed form, and subsequently
forms an independent semantic concept. Since this concept is taken out of context, its
true meaning, as a rule, is very vague, if not completely absurd. Who knows and
understands the context, he understands the meaning of the aphorism. A saying is a
marker of a situation. A characteristic sign of a saying is also the fact that, unlike an
aphorism, it is devoid of edifying, instructive content. If a phrase is constantly used by
only one person, then this is his own aphorism, not a folk one. You need to use sayings
with a sufficient degree of responsibility, because not all people understand their
meaning. And therefore, unpredictable consequences are not excluded.
Aphorisms almost always have a clear and unambiguous meaning, and their
subject matter is inexhaustible. Analysis of individual copyright aphorisms of the
English language, in which the categories of trust and distrust are objectified, allows to
identify the associative background of the considered semantically related language
entities and the totality of ideas about them in English linguistic culture,determine the
value significance and value characteristics of the studied phenomena. As a result of
the analysis of aphorisms that exist in English language community, it turned out that
a special place in the system of values.
References
1.
Тешабаева, Дилфуза Муминовна. "Медиа Тилининг Шаклланиши: Ахборот Узатиш
Ва Қабул Қилиш Жараёнида Лисоний Коммуникация." Miasto Przyszłości 34 (2023):
198-202.
2.
Тешабаева,
Дилфуза
Муминовна.
"ҲАРБИЙЛАШГАН
ТАЪЛИМ
КУРСАНТЛАРИГА ХОРИЖИЙ ТИЛЛАРНИ ЎҚИТИШДА КОММУНИКАТИВ
“Media. Til va madaniyat. Tarjima” talabalar ilmiy-amaliy konferensiyasi - 2023
164
КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯНИ ШАКЛЛАНТИРИШДА АКТНИНГ ЎРНИ." Journal of
Universal Science Research 1.4 (2023): 235-242.
3.
Дадабаева, Хаётхон, and Дилфуза Тешабаева. "Роль акта в формировании
коммуникативной компетентности
при обучении иностранным языкам курсантов
военного образования." in Library 3.3 (2023): 235-242.
