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THE QUESTION OF PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL AND ADAPTATION IN
TRANSLATION
Jumamuratova R.
Nukus, Uzbekistan
PhD docent, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
Almuratova H.
Nukus, Uzbekistan
A student of Translation Department, Berdakh Karakalpak State University
Key words
:potential, adaptation, pragmatic,literary adaptation, ideological adaptation.
Ключевые слова:
адаптация, прагматика, художественный адаптация,
идеологический адаптация.
Калит сўзлар
: адаптация, прагматика, баъдий адаптация,идеологик адаптация
There is an interesting saying between translations theorists around the world says
that translation is like a woman: if it is faithful, it is not beautiful, if it is beautiful, it is
not faithful.
I define adaptation as a type of translation which involves a number of changes to
be made so that the target text produced be in harmony with the spirit of the source text.
These changes are of various types. They are: deletion, addition, explanation, illustration
and exemplification. For example, Newmark (1995) in his definition focuses on
translating the author’s intention. He defines translation as “rendering the meaning of a
text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” [1]. But Nida and
Taber (1982) in their definition focus on the meaning and style and use the term
“reproduction” to indicate to the process of translation [2].
To quote them: “Translation is the reproduction in a receptor language of the
closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and
secondly in terms of style. Shi (2003) a Chinese translation theorist, assures that
communicative translation needs what he calls “accommodation” which involves making
a number of changes that are needed for the target text in order to be in line with the
essence of the source text. To quote him: “We believe translation is not merely linguistic
conversion or transformation between languages but it involves accommodation in scope
of culture, politics, aesthetics and many other factors” [4].
Though each previous definition refers to the process of translation from a
different dilemma, all of them agree that the process, by one way or another, involves a
number of changes.
In my point of view there are four basic types of adaptation. They are: collocation
adaptation, cultural adaptation, literary adaptation and ideological adaptation. Let us now
discuss these types in some detail.
When communicating a message to a listener or reader whose mother tongue is not
the same as our own, especially when that person does not even understand the language,
we must use different ways or methods to get the message across as clearly as possible.
While we can use gestures, signs, or noises in order to make ourselves understood, when
communicating something written, we must turn to translators.
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One of the tools used in translation is adaptation. It is used in many cases,
as cultural differences between different speakers can cause confusion that can
sometimes be tricky to understand or simply prevent us from understanding each other.
Adaptation is not to be confused with Localization, however, which is used when the
target audience speaks a different variant of the same language, such as in the case of
Latin America. When adapting a message, we are not translating it literally. This does not
mean, however, that when adapting a message or idea we are being unfaithful to the
original message, or that we are not doing our job well (translating).
When comparing translation and adaptation, we are comparing two ways of
communicating a message. In many cases, it is impossible to translate a text without
making an adaptation, as a “literal” translation of the message would cause a loss of all or
part of the meaning for the target audience. It is important to know when to adapt a
message when an expression might have a more appropriate equivalent for a given
situation. This makes us better translation professionals. Increasingly, people are
considering the translation of literary works as a form of adaptation and not strictly
language translation.
I know that when younger people think about translation as a career, they often
imagine a specific, slender sliver of the translation services world:
Literary translation. They see themselves sitting at an outdoor cafe, sipping a
coffee and taking leisurely, cultured turns bringing a work of literary genius from one
language into another – and, of course, being paid handsomely for the work. I’m not
saying those opportunities don’t exist, but they are certainly rare, and the funny thing is
most of the people daydreaming about them don’t think too hard about the deeper
implications of that sort of translation work.
In the above I have discussed the need for adaptation in translation. I suggest that
adaptation is also translation even if it means addition or loss of information, explanation,
rewriting, or re-creation.
REFERENCES:
1. Newmark, P. (1995) A Textbook of Translation. New York: Phoenix ELT.
2. Nida, E. and Taber, C. (1982) the Theory and Practice of Translation. New York: Brill,
Leiden.
3. Richards, J. Platt, J. and Platt, H. (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching
and Applied Linguistics. Edinburgh: Longman.
4. Shi, A. (2003) Accommodation in Translation. Shanxi, China. (An article from the
net).
5. Feruza A., Dilbar P., Firuza D. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL
AND APPLIED SCIENCES. – 2021.
6. Atashova F. D., Seytniyazova G. M. DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE
OF
ESP
LEARNERS
ESP
ЎҚУВЧИЛАРИНИНГ
КОММУНИКАТИВ
КОМПЕТЕНЦИЯСИНИ
РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ
//Mental
Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal. – 2022. – Т. 2022. – №. 2. – С. 38-50.
