ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
116
UDC: 632.931.4., 621.374., 537.52
ELECTRICAL PULSE TREATMENT OF NEMATODE-INFESTED PLANTS
Bozorov Elmurod Ostanovich
1
,
Bobonazarov Shaxriyor Eshburiyevich
1
,
Tursunboev Akmal Olim ugli
1
1*
Department of «Automation and control of production processes and production» of the
National Research University «Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization
Engineers», 39 Koriy Niyoziy, 100000, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
*Email:bozorov_e@mail.ru
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8004350
Abstract.
This article describes measures to control nematode disease affecting rootstocks
and crops of tomato and cucumber grown in the countryside by electric pulse current discharges.
When an electrical pulse discharge affects living tissue, certain chemical, physical and biological
processes result in pulse energy, pulse discharge current, pulse discharge voltage, pulse discharge
exposure time, pulse discharge shock current and similar factors. When an electric pulse was
applied to the nematode-infested rootstocks of vegetable crops and tomato and cucumber plants,
their engraftment rate was determined. The purpose of this work was to identify the main factors
influencing the treatment of tomato and cucumber rootstocks affected by nematodes and their
larvae by electric pulse current discharges.
Keywords:
agriculture, soils, plant diseases, plant protection, plant physiology, tomato,
cucumbers, nematodes, biology, pulse energy, pulse discharge current, pulse discharge voltage,
pulse discharge exposure time, pulse discharge current, electrophysics, electrodes, electrical
equipment, energy.
ЭЛЕКТРОИМПУЛЬСНАЯ ОБРАБОТКА ПОРАЖЕННЫХ НЕМАТОДАМИ
РАСТЕНИЙ
Аннотация.
В статье описаны мероприятия по борьбе с нематодозом,
поражающим подвои и посевы томатов и огурцов, выращиваемых в сельской местности,
с помощью разрядов электрического импульсного тока. Когда электрический импульсный
разряд воздействует на живую ткань, определенные химические, физические и
биологические процессы приводят к энергии импульса, току импульсного разряда,
напряжению импульсного разряда, времени воздействия импульсного разряда, ударному
току импульсного разряда и подобным факторам. При воздействии электрического
импульса на зараженные нематодами подвои овощных культур и растений томатов и
огурцов определяли их приживаемость. Целью данной работы явилось выявление основных
факторов, влияющих на обработку подвоев томатов и огурцов, пораженных нематодами
и их личинками, разрядами электрического импульсного тока.
Ключевые слова:
сельское хозяйство, почвы, болезни растений, защита растений,
физиология растений, томат, огурцы, нематоды, биология, энергия импульса, ток
импульсного разряда, напряжение импульсного разряда, время экспозиции импульсного
разряда, ток импульсного разряда, электрофизика, электроды, электрооборудование,
энергия.
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural crops are evaluated by the amount of products produced on the sown areas.
Yield growth depends on land bonitet, proper selection and placement of available varieties and
plant species with immunity to natural influences and diseases, creation and cultivation of new
hybrid plant cell cultures, development and implementation of new advanced technological
methods [1-2].
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
117
During the last decade the growth of energy deficit in the world has increased from 3...5 to
15...30% in the cost of agricultural production, and further increase of this indicator is expected in
the future. In addition, the role of electricity in the overall energy balance will increase. In
connection with this, electrotechnological treatment simultaneously performs the function of
control and improvement of product quality, allows the rational use of natural resources and
enhances environmental protection. One of the priority areas of research is a gradual transition
from effective, environmentally dangerous chemical methods in crop production to the use of low-
energy electrotechnological methods, their practical application on irrigated land. In this regard,
the development of environmentally safe electro-technological method providing control of
nematodes in the roots of damaged vegetable crops is an urgent task. Extensive measures are taken
to save resources in agricultural production of the republic, to treat crops with environmentally
safe electrotechnological methods. The Strategy of actions for further development of the Republic
of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 defines the tasks, including "Priorities of economic development and
liberalization" [1, 2, 3]. In carrying out these tasks, one of the important tasks is to justify the
parameters of the device for electric pulse treatment against nematodes in the damaged plant root.
METHOD
Scientific studies were conducted in greenhouses and on fruit crops to test and evaluate the
effectiveness of the high-voltage electric pulse device under field conditions. Biologists and
agronomists involved in determining nematode-infested areas and the incidence of disease in
production plants were identified. For this purpose, a high-voltage pulsed discharge device for
treating diseased plants in the field was developed, which consisted of the following electrical
equipment. A single-line connection diagram of the electric pulse device is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 uses electricity with an inverter converter through a rechargeable battery as the main
source for treating diseased roots in the field [3-12].
Fig. 1. Scheme of treatment with electric pulse discharges
of an infected plant.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
118
1-power source; 2-high-voltage device; 3, 4-high-voltage electric cables; 5, 6-electrodes;
7-stem plants; 8, 9-infected plant roots and neck; 10-soil (clay); 11-nematode larvae.
The proposed device makes it possible to change the discharge current, voltage pulse,
discharge energy, discharge pulse strength, pulse shape, and treatment time during treatment of
damaged tomato and cucumber root stems by electric pulse in an environmentally friendly electro
technological method.
Working procedure according to the scheme of Fig. 1: the positive electrode 5 is brought
to the bottom of the stem, the negative electrode 6 is connected to the ground 10. After connecting
the device 2 to the power source 1 between the stem 8 of the plant 7 and the roots 9 begins to flow
electric current 11. High-voltage discharges of electric current pass through the nematodes infected
plant roots spreading disease microorganisms 11 [3-12].
RESULT
The treating electrode part of the treating device is attached to a special 3.5 m long rod,
protected with a high-voltage porcelain insulator, 6 mm2 in diameter and 50 cm long, made of
three rows of stainless steel in the shape of an onion. The plants in the greenhouse can change the
shape, number and length of the electrodes depending on the distance between the rows. Arc-
shaped design of the electrode serves to reduce mechanical damage during processing and reduce
resistance forces exerted by the stems of plants during movement [3-12].
Processing time: for cucumbers U1 = 1500, U2 = 2500 and U3 = 3500 V, and for tomatoes
U1 = 2000, U2 = 3000 and U3 = 4000 V were treated with high voltage τp = 0.1 - 0.2 seconds.
Capacitors of C = 470 pF; C = 1000 pF; and C = 1470 pF were used for both plant objects [3-12].
During a 10-day post-treatment period, plant rhizomes and nematode pathogens in plants
with different control options and treatment parameters were studied electro physically. Current
pulses act on the plant cell membrane and nematode virus surface, resulting in destruction and
destruction of the rootstock system and nematode virus membrane. This method is applied after
harvesting of infected plants. Table 1 shows the results of experimental studies of treatment of
disease-causing tomato and cucumber plants by electric-pulse current discharge. The dependences
of the degree of disinfection P = f (Q) for tomato and cucumber plants on the pulse voltage U = f
(Q) and pulse-energy characteristics are given (Fig. 2, 3)[3-12].
Table 1
Results of experimental studies of treatment of pathogenic tomato and cucumber plants
by electric pulse current discharge
Experiment
Voltage
value
Processi
ng time, sec
Impulse
energy, J
Harmless
rate, %
Control
-
-
-
-
1
1000
0,2
0,0010
35
2
2000
0,2
0,0020
49
3
3000
0,2
0,0045
60
4
1000
0,2
0,0010
35
5
2000
0,2
0,0020
40
6
3000
0,2
0,0045
59
The dependences of the degree of neutralization on P = f (Q) for tomatoes and cucumbers
are given from the pulse voltage U = f (Q) and pulse-energy characteristics (Fig. 2, 3).
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
119
Figure 2. Diagram of voltage magnitude variation from the time of electric current pulses
for tomatoes
Figure 3. Variation of voltage magnitude from pulse time by electric pulse current
discharge for cucumbers
CONCLUSION
To summarize, we can say that electric pulse treatment of diseased tomato and cucumber
plants can be used to provide electric power through inverter converters using a battery and using
liquid fuel (diesel) generators. We believe that the use of electric discharge in the fight against
viruses is appropriate and environmentally friendly. With the right choice of treatment parameters
it is possible to achieve sufficient efficiency in the control of nematode worms and galaxies.
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ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
120
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