ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
20
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
FORMATION OF INITIATIVE QUALITIES IN ADOLESCENT STUDENTS
Mambetyarov Sharyar xxx
NMPI Faculty of Pedagogy, assistant teacher
Phone: +998(33)085 34 34
sharyarmambetyarov@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8321627
Abstract.
This article deals with the issues of theoretical study of the psychological
characteristics of the formation of initiative qualities in adolescent students. Reasonable opinions
and comments are given throughout the article. Conclusions and suggestions are given at the end
of the article.
Key words:
formation of initiative qualities in students, psychological characteristics,
conceptual scheme.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ
ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНИЦИАТИВНЫХ КАЧЕСТВ У СТУДЕНТОВ-ПОДРОСТКОВ
Аннотация.
В статье рассматриваются вопросы теоретического изучения
психологических особенностей формирования инициативных качеств у школьников-
подростков. На протяжении всей статьи даются обоснованные мнения и комментарии.
Выводы и предложения приведены в конце статьи.
Ключевые слова:
формирование инициативных качеств у студентов,
психологические особенности, концептуальная схема.
There are three main theoretical approaches to understanding the origins of entrepreneurship.
"Trait theory" (sometimes called "charismatic theory") focuses on the innate qualities of a leader.
A leader, according to this theory, can only be a person who has a certain set of personal qualities
or a certain set of psychological characteristics. The "situational theory of entrepreneurship" has
not been completely abandoned in this conceptual scheme, but has replaced the trait theory, which
generally emphasizes that entrepreneurship is a product of the situation. In various situations of
the life of the group, individual members of the group are distinguished from others by at least
some quality, but since this quality is necessary in this situation, the person who has it becomes a
leader [7, p. . Two extreme approaches gave rise to a third solution to the problem, called the
systemic theory of initiative, according to which initiative is considered as a process of organizing
interpersonal relations in a group, and as a subject of initiative. managing this process. With this
approach, it is recommended to take into account other variables related to the life of the group,
for example, its duration of existence. In this sense, systems theory certainly has a number of
advantages. They are clear when it comes to initiative, not just initiative. Because the leader can
be the official leader of the group at the same time. Separation: formal initiation is the process of
influencing people from their position; Informal entrepreneurship is the process of influencing
people using one's abilities, skills or other resources. At first, when entrepreneurship research was
just beginning, scientists did not distinguish between leaders and did not accept their classification.
Further research made it possible to identify and describe different types of leaders: according to
the content of activity (leader-inspirer and leader-executive); by the nature of the activity
(universal leader and situational leader); by activity (emotional leader and business leader) and
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
21
others. Explanations about the nature of initiative were made in accordance with psychological
schools: psychoanalytic (Z.Freud, A.Adler, K.G.Jung), which is focused on the unconscious desire
for superiority, superiority, the realization of the "Napoleon complex"; Yale (G. Lasswell, B.
Skinner, W. White) and Franco-Furth (T. Adorno, G. Marcuse, E. Fromm) on similar problems,
the interaction between leaders and their followers analyzed the secret factors. mechanisms of
initiative influence formation; in the social psychology of the masses (G. Tarde, G. Le Bon), in
which the leader appears as a hypnotist, the leader of the crowd, skillfully uses the mechanisms of
mass infection, persuasion and suggestion [14, c.204]. . Be that as it may, but the challenge of
gaining initiative through a certain educational model has always been an attractive idea for
practitioners. In this regard, we can single out the theory of general characteristics of
entrepreneurship that appeared in the 20s and 40s. The 19th century represents the systematization
of the most important qualities for the realization of entrepreneurial potential. This theory is based
on the psychodiagnostic personality test, determining the initiative conditions for the subject's
character. Although the exact explanation of the presence of a certain dominant tendency in a
person's character is in the realm of vague thinking, nevertheless, it is possible to empirically
measure the potential for initiative and the way of a series of corrective procedures. being its
"construction" allows us to classify this theory as a theory that "exposes", the mystery of the
phenomenon. This theory finds an answer in the concepts of modern authors in determining what
L. Stout called "initiative capital", i.e. "a set of personal qualities and talents that allow a leader to
effectively lead others" [14, c.210].
The end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. Behavioral theories of
entrepreneurship are gaining popularity, they focus on the behavior of the leader rather than
character traits. Special importance was attached to its external assessment by the environment, to
its perception by a group of followers. In this case, the measurement was based on determining the
internal harmony of the structure surrounding the leader, as well as the individual satisfaction of
group members with the actions of their leader. Consequently, inclusion of this or that person in
the category of leaders was carried out on the basis of his ability to act as a leader, in other words,
on the basis of creating an appropriate organizational structure. The behavioral aspect of initiative
was studied by R. Tannenbaum, W. Schmidt, R. Likert, R. Blake, J. Mouton, J. Ford and others.
Another version of behavioral theory can be recognized as widely used in the second half of the
20th century. attributive theories of initiative (D. Gioia, F. Fidler, H. Simz, P. Suedfeld, P. Tetlock,
etc.). In them, the main importance is given to the degree of freedom of the leader, which is directly
proportional to the expectations of the followers. The main role in the modeling of entrepreneurial
behavior is given to the group, which is considered as the main factor influencing the process of
management decision-making, intersubjective interactions [28, p. 176]. The inversion of the
problem - the influence of the leader on group behavior and the formation of consequences
corresponding to the leader's plan is raised within the framework of the motivational theory of
initiative developed by A. Maslow, R. House. Herzerberg, where the mechanism of initiation is
studied within the framework of the behaviorist dichotomy "stimulus-response". Exchange theory
and transactional analysis (J. Homans, J. March, G. Simon, J. Thibault, G. Kelly, etc.) represent
the leader and his environment as components of mutually beneficial exchange: the leader
contributes to the social sphere. interactions in its own form, for which it takes the form of a certain
salary - group, organization, society. In this case, the active role of the entrepreneurial environment
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
22
will lose its importance a little, it will become an equal partner in the transaction. The most
indicative in this sense is J. M. Burns' operational concept of initiative, which distinguished two
types of leaders: regulatory leader and transformational leader. The first type is the achievement
of acceptable forms of agreement between the leader and his environment, expressed in his
minimal creative influence on the group, the second is the creative change of the environment; The
study of the potential of entrepreneurship in relation to its environment predetermined the
development of a whole group of situational theories (E. Wesbur, J. Brown, K. Gibb) focusing on
the social context that creates or forms entrepreneurial qualities.
Thus, we can say that leadership is a purely psychological characteristic of the behavior of
some members of the group, and the leader is called to motivate the group, to direct it to solve
certain problems, to take care of the means of solving these problems. In the process of interaction,
the leader affects the society in which he is located, it is necessary to determine how important the
peer society is for a young man or teenager. An important pedagogical element in the methodology
of training leaders of a children's team can be understood only by studying the psychological
theories of leadership that reveal the essence and essence of this concept. A vivid example of this
is the theory of anticipation of reality, according to which every teenager makes plans for the
future, strives to grow and achieve more and more success. It stimulates his activity, fills his life
with the joy of success. In the system of educational work, the preparation and holding of scientific
evenings, Olympiads, meetings with representatives of science, technology, and art can be a
promising service.
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2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
23
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