ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
57
ON THE LINGUISTIC STUDY OF ANTHROPONYMS
Khalilova Nilufar Bahromovna
Doctoral candidate of Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8340629
Abstract.
A certain amount of research work has been carried out on the study of
anthroponyms in linguistics. In these studies, personal names related to the city of Kokandd were
considered, and some of them have now acquired toponyms. It is noted that the names of historical
figures have been analyzed in the sources, although they are incomplete, and since the linguistic
research on their formation has not been fully implemented, it is considered that a deeper scientific
approach to it is necessary.
Key words
: anthroponym, toponym, historical-linguistic wealth, historical person, khan,
bek, biy, linguistics.
О ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКОМ ИЗУЧЕНИИ АНТРОПОНИМОВ
Аннотация.
По изучению антропонимов в лингвистике проведен определенный
объем исследовательской работы. В этих исследованиях рассматривались личные имена,
связанные с городом Кокандд, некоторые из них теперь приобрели топонимы.
Отмечается, что имена исторических деятелей проанализированы в источниках, хотя и
неполны, а поскольку лингвистические исследования по их формированию не реализованы в
полной мере, считается, что необходим более глубокий научный подход к ним.
Ключевые слова:
антропоним, топоним, историко-лингвистическое богатство,
историческая личность, хан, бек, бий, языкознание.
Professor E. Begmatov is the first researcher of anthroponymic studies in Uzbek
linguistics. After that, it should be noted that in the development of our linguistics, in particular,
N.Okhunov, S.Koraev, G.Sattorov, S.Rahimov, S.Kenzhaeva etc. According to scholars, the
names, nicknames and nicknames of a person, and the names of his parents, are not marked as
place names based on the customs of Islam, and the fact that the names of Eastern scientists and
scholars are not shown on the world map is a clear proof of this. Later on, the places that were
converted into graves were named with the names of dear people, as a result of increasing the flow
of pilgrims and economic benefits, and as a means of religious and legal protection.
It is known that the names were created by our ancestors many centuries ago and have
come down to us as a historical-linguistic wealth, which has a huge cultural and spiritual value.
Nowadays, anthroponyms are found as place names in almost all regions, and there are not a few
that are given by the government's decision to perpetuate the names of people who are state, public
figures, national heroes and cultural figures. Some historical sources also provide valuable
information about the historical recognition of anthroponyms as place names. In particular, in this
regard, it can be observed that the manual created by M. Ya. Dadabayev, dedicated to the
toponymy of the ancient Khokandi Latif city, contains many noteworthy anthroponyms and
information on the activities of these persons.
The fact that the "Davronbek" neighborhood, located in the southwestern part of the city
of Kokand, is actually an anthroponym is a vivid example, as well as the fact that one of the main
streets of the neighborhood is called Bobobek, also shows that the anthroponym has become a
toponym. According to the author of the manual, Bobobek Tarkhan Haydarbek Otalik's son was
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
58
one of the great figures of the Kokand khanate. He served in the palaces of Umarkhan and
Muhammad Alikhan in the positions of "parvanachi", "kushbegi", "devanbegi". In return for his
services, he was awarded the title of "tarkhan (free from taxes and duties)" and a large estate in
this street.
The neighborhood that appeared on the site of Bobobek's estate is named after him. It is
necessary to admit that S.Usmonova, a linguist who conducted research on the microtoponymy of
the city of Kokand, touched upon the anthroponyms of the city, albeit briefly. The following
descriptions are given in the stylistic work published on this matter. "A large part of the
microtoponyms in the studied area was formed on the basis of personal names -
anthropotoponyms.. Many neighborhoods, neighborhoods and streets are named after the famous
and respected people who founded the land, built it, owned it, spent money for its improvement,
and were the leaders. Examples of this are the names of the places in the city called Khalifa Safo,
Kitabdor Mirzo, Davronbek, Mulla Bashman, Khojibek, Valikhan Tora, Bekbotabek, Usta Bazar,
Bobobek, Mirtohir, Mirzo Yodgor, Ashur Mirzo, Risqulibek, Sherali mingboshi, Muhammad
Razzaq devanbegi.
In the study of anthropotoponyms, it is of particular importance to identify the people who
left their names to the places. We have managed to collect some information about the people and
their activities that are the basis for toponyms based on historical documents and sources. In
particular, Khalifa Safo was a student of the famous Bukhara sheikh Khalifa Husayn Bukhari and
was considered one of the great religious figures of his time.He was the principal of the Jame
madrasa in Kokand. He held the post of sheikhulislam in the khanate.He built a madrasa with his
own money. The real name of the librarian Mirza is Mirza Ayyub, he served as the manager of the
library in the Khan's palace during the reign of Kokand Khan Muhammad Ali khan. He was given
the title of librarian.
Therefore, Mirza Ayyub became famous among the people under the name Kitabdor
Mirza, he was also engaged in creativity, wrote poems and ghazals under the pseudonym Behjat,
and compiled a divan. Davronbek is the son of Bobobek Tosaba, one of the great commanders of
Kokand khan Khudoyar Khan. This person served as a military judge in the khan's army. During
the Russian invasion, he participated in the defense of Shymkent, Tashkent, and Kokand. After the
abolition of the khanate, he worked as a makhalla amin for some time. Mulla Bashman, who was
considered one of the educated people of the city, served as imam in the neighborhood mosque
where he lived. His services were great in the development of his daughter, the poetess Mahzuna,
into a mature and virtuous person.
With the honor of independence, there is a need for a more in-depth study of anthroponyms
whose names have been preserved in sources in the history of the city of Kokand and continue to
serve for the restoration of history in a certain sense.
Probably because of this, the historian H. Bobobekov said: "The more you read and study
history, the more you will read and search for it, especially to find new evidence on the unopened
pages of history, on controversial, i.e. scientific, debatable events, and to look at these or other
events of history in a new way. and must be evaluated. This includes the history of the Kokand
khanate and the genealogy of its rulers. About one of such anthroponyms in "Anjum at-tawarikh"
the real name of Narbo'tabek is given in full, and it is described in the section entitled "The mention
of Abdulhamidbek ibn Abdurakhmonbek ibn Abdulkarimkhan, known by the nickname
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Narbotur". According to Khudoyor khanzoda, Abdulhamid khan, nicknamed Narbotur, lived in
1162/1747–1212/1797–98, and ascended the throne in 1177/1763. Norbutabiy subjugated the
governors of Chust and Namangan as soon as he became the ruler. Norbotabi ends his career with
the conquest of Khojand, for which he has to work hard. Only after Khudoyorbek's death, Kokand
was completely united. Norbotabiy marries Iriskul's cousin Mingoyim, and later has two sons
(Alim and Umar) and a daughter (Aftaboyim).
Also, Norbotabi's eldest son Madamin from his first wife, three younger sons - Rustam,
Pozil and Yodgor were born from unmarried wives, besides, he had four more daughters.
Norbotabi appoints his brothers Shahrukhbi to Namangan, Khojibi to Khojand, his eldest son
Madamin to Margilan (Yor Mazar), and his second son Olim to Torakurgan. Soon after Shahrukhbi
died, Hajibi was appointed in his place. In 1797 (according to other sources, 1800), Madame
became seriously ill and died. Norbotabiy died in 1800/1801, after which his son Olim became the
governor and continued to expand the Kokand region. He conquers Angren, Shymkent, Sayram,
all of Tashkent region, important settlements on the caravan routes in Russia. Seeing that the state
of Olim is now completely separate from others, it can fight against Bukhara, it is so strong, and
accepts the title of khanate. His state is called the khanate of Kokand with its capital in the city of
Kokand. During the period of Olimkhan, the political importance of Kokand increased. Olimkhan
was a unique historical figure. He takes a number of measures to reorganize the religious
foundation. For example, it abolishes "eshon", which is considered a religious title, and gives land
and livestock to the poor, needy and "kalandar", while engaging them in socially useful work. He
examines (tests) certain religious figures to see if they pray correctly and punishes those whose
lies are exposed. They are dissatisfied with this behavior of Olimkhan. Using the fact that he is
from Tashkent, they organize a conspiracy and spread false rumors that he was killed. His brother
Umar will be installed on the throne. Olimkhan found out about the betrayal and left for Kokand
by a short route, and an ambush was laid on the way. Olimkhan was shot and killed in 1810 at a
place called "Alti kush". The killer was Qambar mirza from Andijan.
The reign of Umarkhan was characterized by the development of literature and art, as well
as the restoration of religious foundations by pious priests, who in practice often held other powers.
In the notes of the author of the given work on the history of Kokand, the names of the officials
who led Kokand are given, most of them are expressed by adding the suffix "khan"biy. In 1818,
Umarkhan was awarded the title of Amir-ul-muslimin for building the Jame Mosque in Kokandd.
In the same year, he established the title of thousand.
The era of amir Umarkhan was included in the annals of history as it formed a unique
literary environment. If the addition of suffixes such as khan, bek, biy in the formation of the
mentioned anthroponyms is related to the addition of real names, it can be seen that the children
born from some of their illegitimate wives were called by simple names such as Madamin, Rustam,
Pozil and Yodgor. In the fall of 1822, Umarkhan fell ill and died in the morning 17 days later. At
noon, his son is announced as Muhammad Alikhan. 16-year-old Muhammad Ali (in some sources,
12, 14 years old) begins to manage public affairs. In this regard, the section of Ibrat's "History of
Ferghana" entitled "Age of Muhammad Alikhan ibn Umarkhan" also discusses the anthroponyms
whose work and activities have become history.
Even during the governorship of Mohammad Alikhan ibn Umarkhan, the naming of
anthroponyms in positions is related to the pronunciation of khan and biy. After all, as the
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
60
researchers admit, from ancient times, any family, all people dreamed of having a child and leaving
behind a worthy offspring. Names express the attitude of the parents to the newborn baby, that it
should be beautiful, fearless, healthy, intelligent, in some cases, it should be named after the clan,
tribe, ancestors to which the parents belong, that the child belongs to a certain ethnic group, that It
is intended to emphasize that he is a child of an ethnic group, that his past ancestors belonged to
that clan or tribe, and that the baby is their successor. However, it should be noted here that the
names were influenced by the period, existing conditions and social system in some cases.
Especially this can be revealed more vividly by the factual data of significant changes between the
names of the citizens of the khanate period and the anthroponyms of the former shura period. In
this context, the research of the anthroponyms of the city of Kokand and the historical figures
mentioned in the sources related to it on a consistent scientific basis is considered one of the most
important tasks.
REFERENCES
1.
Бегматов Э. Антропонимика узбекского языка: Автореф. дисс. канд. филол. наук. –
Ташкент, 1965. – 28 б.
2.
Бегматов Э., Улуқов Н. Ўзбек ономастикаси терминларининг изоҳли луғати. –
Наманган, 2006.
3.
Ю.И.Аҳмадалиев. Фарғона вилояти топонимлари. Фарғона. 2009 – 140 б.
4.
Ҳ.Бобобеков.Қўқон тарихи. Т. Фан. – 1996 – 240 б.
