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GENDER ISSUES IN TRANSLATION
Xojimatova Muharramxon
Second year student of Fergana State University, FFL
Guiding and translating activities.
E-mail:
muharramxon05@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424030
Abstract.
Translation is complex process as it has plenty of challenging aspects to
accomplish while transforming source text into another language. In this article, some problematic
issues of translation will be discussed and particularly, more information about gender issues in
translation is being presented in order to solve them in proper way. Moreover, the theme is
important for translators who want to be professional in their own field to ensure that conveying
each word from source language to target language in correct style that writer of original text
created.
Key words:
translation, gender, insufficient responsibility, Source and Target language
(TL and SL)
, transforming words, features of men and women, essence of understanding writer.
ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ
Аннотация.
Перевод — это сложный процесс, поскольку он требует выполнения
множества сложных аспектов при преобразовании исходного текста на другой язык. В
этой статье будут обсуждаться некоторые проблемные вопросы перевода и, в
частности, представлена дополнительная информация о гендерных проблемах перевода
для их правильного решения. Более того, тема важна для переводчиков, которые хотят
быть профессионалами в своей области, чтобы гарантировать передачу каждого слова с
исходного языка на целевой язык в правильном стиле, созданном автором оригинального
текста.
Ключевые слова:
перевод, пол, недостаточная ответственность, исходный и
целевой язык (ЯЯ и ЯЯ), слова-трансформеры, особенности мужчины и женщины,
сущность понимания писателя.
Introduction.
In daily lives, it is possible to clash a lot with issues of gender inequality,
such as whether women are superior to men or men have more opportunities rather than women.
Moreover, such problems appear in terms of language and field of translation. Many researches
show that, female and male translators can share similar interpreting styles in regard to dimensional
aspects of source texts, featured by informative production, non-narrative concerns and abstract
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information. They use homogeneous methods while translating clear and formal parts of their
interpreting text. However, when it comes to shape description of images of heroes, different
translating styles might be distinguished by translators. That is, male and female translators
transform expression and words in source language according to their masculine and feminine
horizons. It is fact that, men tend to be more realistic and appropriate to the common rights of life
and rather women tend to be more expressive and emotional for everything that they meet. That`s
why it can impact even to the issues of translation based on divorce opinions of male and female
translators. Notion of style refers to translator`s choice of the type of words, phrases that can be
served as materials to translate and use of specific strategies, including use of adjectives,
explaining misunderstandable words in the process of translation. Additionally, after some studies,
approaching source text in terms of gender equality also can be included by the translator`s style
in order to translate everything close to the original version of text that is written by whether male
or female writer. Because, translators are required to convey ST into TL in completely true way
without losing the original expressiveness and stylistic features while translating the given text.
Although there are some differences, not any proof found that showed gender might affect
translation works significantly. Translators are required to be attentive while transforming each
word from target language into source language as every expression might have unique and
essence meaning that must be brought in order to produce on the minds of readers as nearly as
possible to the readers on its original text. Translators have no any opportunity to add something
to the source text(ST) because it should be as original as source language. However, translators
tend to add some extra components that original writer has not create and even this leads to
changing of word meanings. Especially, female translators might put expressive word and phrases
that writer didn`t utilize. In this case, gender issues play its role significantly in translation studies.
Although it is studied rarely, it becomes a new field to be learned more. It is linked to some aspect
such as language itself, the variations between male and female languages.
Main part.
The topic of gender consists of the differences between women and men, who
exist in society, which constitute the peculiarities of the representatives of these two groups. These
meditations are considered to be "masculine" and "feminine". Also, it should be noted that, gender
issues include five gender markers, they are — phonetic, grammatical, lexical, morphological and
thematic markers. They are defined according to their functions during translation. Moreover, men
and women translate them differently, for example, in terms of lexical gender, main variations are
that, male translators use words with least emotional state and they accustomed to utilize a large
number of abstract nouns. When it comes to women, they often use interjections like “ouch!”,
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“oh”, “ah!”. Unless the males, female translators tend to practice more expressive and emotional
phrases in order to make translated text more stylistic way.
Grammatical gender
is a system of
noun classification found in many languages. In some languages, such as Spanish and French,
every noun is assigned a gender, either masculine or feminine. In other languages, such as German,
there are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. When translating from a language with
grammatical gender to a language without it, the translator must decide how to handle the gender
of the nouns. During translation process, translators can use some
necessary strategies
to convey
grammatical gender of text.
First
one is ignoring the gender: Some translators choose to simply
ignore the gender of the nouns and use the same gender for all nouns in the target language. This
can lead to awkward or confusing sentences, but it is sometimes necessary if the target language
does not have a system of grammatical gender.
Second
one is using the natural gender: If the
gender of the noun corresponds to the natural gender of the object it represents (e.g. "man" is
masculine in many languages), then the translator can use the appropriate gender in the target
language. Last method is using an equivalent noun: If there is no equivalent noun in the target
language with the same gender as the source language noun, the translator may need to use a
different noun that conveys the same meaning but has a different gender. In short, when translating
from a language with grammatical gender to a language without it, translators must carefully
consider how to handle the gender of the nouns in order to produce an accurate and natural-
sounding translation.
Cultural gender
is also important in translation field. The translation process
may give increase to other problems as a result of the gender connotations in which speakers may
perceive the world. This is especially true with respect to metaphors and personifications, and an
ideologically determined clash may occur if a specific gender in one language connotes certain
properties, while the translated word in the target language belongs to another gender that conveys
quite different connotations. Additionally, cultural gender in translation refers to the way that
gender is expressed and understood in different cultures and languages, and how this can affect
the translation of texts. As an evidence, in some languages, there may be various words or forms
of address for men and women, or certain activities or professions may be associated with a
particular gender. Translators need to be aware of these cultural differences and make appropriate
choices when translating texts to ensure that the intended meaning is conveyed into the TL.
Thematic gender
in translation means the way gender is portrayed and represented in translated
texts. This can involve the transformation of pronouns, titles, and other gendered language, as well
as the translation of cultural norms and expectations. One important aspect of thematic gender in
translation is the way that gender can impact the meaning and interpretation of a text. For instance,
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a text that uses gendered language to reinforce traditional gender roles may be translated in a way
that challenges those roles, leading to a different interpretation of the text. While translation
process, translators must be careful translating cultural, social norms of SL, even in some cases,
they have to learn aspects of cultural gender like, identity, race, ethnicity and others. According to
many researches, it is defined that, there are several differences between male and female
translators in terms of gender issues in translation, style and methods of translation and other
dynamic units.
In most cases, both male and female translators convey ST into the TL according to their
masculine and feminine outlooks. As most people know that, women writers try to describe
physiological sides of men while writing novels or books, they tend to portray strength, potency
and force of them. However, if that book would be translated by male translator, he might ignore
this kind of physiological parts as they may not feel as attentively as women the heroes. This can
lead to loss of original features of source text in terms of some images of heroes of translated text.
Such condition can be occurred by female translators, they also ignore some characteristics of male
heroines that might be described by male writer. Usually, male writers try to focus on describing
elegance of women, like their lips, faces, eyes and etc. But, while translation process, female
translators might miss these features of portrayed images by male writer.
Conclusion.
Generally,
translation is process of conveying words from source language
into target language without losing any lexical, semantic characteristics that created by writer.
Male translator
Female translator
1. Uses words with the least emotional,
expressive state.
2. Put the use of a large amount of abstract
nouns.
3. Significantly reduces the text volume when
translating.
4. Gives preference to expressive, especially
stylistically lowered means.
5. More often uses informative and persistent
statements such as “obviously”, “evidently”,
“undoubtedly”, “naturally”.
1. Often uses expressive interjections
2. Uses more explanations, definitions of
phrase in order to express each word in easy
way.
3. Tends to use “prestigious” stylistically
elevated forms, clichés, bookish lexicon.
4. Uses connotatively neutral words and
expressions, euphemisms.
5. Actively uses of phraseological units.
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These features can include gender issues, types of transformation, equivalence in translation and
others. Gender issues are more important in this field in owing to translate ST in proper intended
way. Translators have more responsibilities on their shoulders, as they, at the same time, not only
convey words but also the cultural and social values of one nation. In that case, gender issues
identify sufficient skills of translators. They should be aware of referring to those matters since
they are considered as common problems of translation.
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