473
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ACUTE ZOTILJAM IN CHILDREN OF
ADOLESCENT AGE
Abdukodirova Shakhnoza Bakhronovna
Samarkand State Medical University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10574718
Abstract. Pneumonia is a cold, a lung infection — inflammation of the lung tissue, usually
caused by an infection, mainly with damage to the alveoli (development of inflammatory exudation
in them).
The term "pneumonia" unites a large group of diseases, each of which has characteristic
differences in its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, radiological signs, laboratory studies
and treatment features.
Key words: Classification, Distribution, Pathogenesis, Clinical picture
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСТРОГО ЗОТИЛЬЯМА У ДЕТЕЙ ПОДРОСТКОВОГО
ВОЗРАСТА.
Аннотация. Пневмония — простуда, инфекция легких — воспаление легочной ткани,
обычно вызванное инфекцией, преимущественно с поражением альвеол (развитием в них
воспалительной экссудации).
Термин «пневмония» объединяет большую группу заболеваний, каждое из которых
имеет характерные различия по этиологии, патогенезу, клинической картине,
рентгенологическим признакам, лабораторным исследованиям и особенностям лечения.
Ключевые слова: Классификация, Распространение, Патогенез, Клиническая
картина.
Non-infectious inflammatory processes in the lung tissue are usually called pneumonitis or
alveolitis in the case of primary damage to the respiratory parts of the lungs. Bacterial, viral-
bacterial or fungal pneumonia often develops against the background of such aseptic inflammatory
processes.
Tuberculosis kills 15 percent of children under 5 worldwide [ source ]. According to
statistics, 808,694 children under the age of 5 died of pneumonia in 2017. It is noted that every 64
people who get this dangerous disease die. Due to pneumonia, dangerous complications occur in
various organs of the patient.
According to the criteria of spread of the process, pneumonia can be classified as follows:
474
Focal (focal) — a small part of the lungs is damaged (bronchopneumonia — respiratory
departments + bronchi);
Segmental — spreads to one or more segments of the lung;
Lobar — affects the lobe of the lung. A classic example of lobar pneumonia — croupous
pneumonia — mainly inflammation of the alveoli and the adjacent pleura;
Converging - the merging of small foci and the expansion of the area of damage;
Total — if spread throughout the lungs.
In addition, pneumonia can be unilateral if it affects only one lung or bilateral if it affects
both.
Depending on the cause, the following are distinguished:
Primary pneumonia develops as an independent disease;
Secondary pneumonia — develops against the background of another disease, for example,
against the background of chronic bronchitis;
Radiation form - occurs against the background of x-ray treatment of oncological
pathologies;
The post-traumatic form occurs as a result of injuries to the chest, as a result of which
bronchial secretions are blocked and lung ventilation is disturbed, which leads to inflammatory
processes in the lung tissue.
Depending on the origin, pneumonia is divided into the following forms.
Infectious - develops under the influence of pneumococcus, klebsiella, staphylococcus,
streptococcus and other bacteria;
It has a viral genesis — most often, the herpetic form occurs in Epstein-Barr virus or
cytomegalovirus infection;
It has a fungal genesis - the causative agent of the disease can be molds (Aspergillus,
Mucor), yeast (Candida), endemic dimorphic fungi (Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma),
pneumocystis (Pneumocystis) ;
Mixed type — caused by two or more types of pathogens at the same time.
According to the nature of the process, the following are distinguished:
Acute pneumonia: in turn, it is divided into quick (up to 3 weeks) and long (up to 2 months)
transient types;
Subacute pneumonia: clinical duration — about 3-6 weeks;
Chronic pneumonia (currently excluded from classifications): characterized by weak
intensity and long duration — from several months to many years and decades.
475
Pathogenesis of pneumonia
The most common way for microorganisms to enter the lung tissue is the bronchogenic
route, which includes aspiration, inhalation of microbes from the environment, the transfer of
pathogenic flora from the upper respiratory tract (nose, larynx) to the lower part. passage, medical
procedures - bronchoscopy, tracheal intubation, artificial ventilation of the lungs, treatment with
inhaled drugs, etc.
The spread of infection by hematogenous route (blood) is less common, mainly in
intrauterine infection of the fetus, septic processes and intravenous drug administration.
Lymphogenic infection is reported in very rare cases.
After infection, the infectious agent settles in the epithelium of the respiratory bronchioles
and begins to multiply, resulting in the development of acute bronchitis or bronchiolitis in various
forms (from mild catarrhal form to necrotic form). The spread of microorganisms outside the
bronchioles leads to inflammation of lung tissue or pneumonia. Foci of atelectasis appear due to
violation of bronchial permeability. With the help of coughing and sneezing reflexes, the div
tries to restore bronchial permeability, but as a result, the infection spreads to healthy tissues and
new foci of pneumonia appear.
As a result of the disease, oxygen deficiency, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart
failure may occur. Most often, segments II, VI, X of the right lung and VI, VIII, IX, X of the left
lung are affected. Local lymph nodes - bronchopulmonary, paratracheal, bifurcation nodes are also
involved in this process.
REFERENCES
1.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Эффективность наружного применения сульфата цинка в
базисной терапии атопического дерматита у детей //Достижения науки и
образования. – 2020. – №. 15 (69). – С. 54-56.
2.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Эффективность наружного применения сульфата цинка в
базисной терапии атопического дерматита у детей //Достижения науки и
образования. – 2020. – №. 15 (69). – С. 54-56.
3.
Джураев Ж. Д., Абдукодирова Ш. Б., Мамаризаев И. К. Оптимизация лечения острых
обструктивных бронхитов у детей с миокардитами на фоне аллергических реакции
//Студенческий вестник. – 2021. – №. 21-4. – С. 84-85.
4.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Факторы риска развития острого обструктивного бронхита у
часто болеющих детей //Вопросы науки и образования.
– 2021. – №. 9 (134). – С. 26-29.
476
5.
Abdukodirova S., Shernazarov F. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT
OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE //Science
and innovation. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №. D11. – С. 5-8.
6.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Эффективность наружного применения сульфата цинка в
базисной терапии атопического дерматита у детей //Достижения науки и
образования. – 2020. – №. 15 (69). – С. 54-56.
7.
Джураев Ж. Д., Абдукодирова Ш. Б., Мамаризаев И. К. Оптимизация лечения острых
обструктивных бронхитов у детей с миокардитами на фоне аллергических реакции
//Студенческий вестник. – 2021. – №. 21-4. – С. 84-85.
8.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Факторы риска развития острого обструктивного бронхита у
часто болеющих детей //Вопросы науки и образования.
– 2021. – №. 9 (134). – С. 26-29.
9.
Abdukodirova S., Shernazarov F. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT
OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE //Science
and innovation. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №. D11. – С. 5-8.
10.
Farrukh S. ORGANIZATION OF DIGITALIZED MEDICINE AND HEALTH
ACADEMY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE //Science and innovation. – 2023.
– Т. 2. – №. Special Issue 8. – С. 493-499.
11.
Farrukh S. ORGANIZATION OF DIGITALIZED MEDICINE AND HEALTH
ACADEMY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE //Science and innovation. – 2023.
– Т. 2. – №. Special Issue 8. – С. 493-499.
12.
Джураев Ж. Д., Абдукодирова Ш. Б., Мамаризаев И. К. Оптимизация лечения острых
обструктивных бронхитов у детей с миокардитами на фоне аллергических реакции
//Студенческий вестник. – 2021. – №. 21-4. – С. 84-85.
13.
Шавази Н. М. и др. Факторы риска развития острого обструктивного бронхита у
часто болеющих детей //Вопросы науки и образования.
– 2021. – №. 9 (134). – С. 26-29.
14.
Abdukodirova S., Shernazarov F. SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT
OF ACUTE OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE //Science
and innovation. – 2023. – Т. 2. – №. D11. – С. 5-8.
15.
Farrukh S. ORGANIZATION OF DIGITALIZED MEDICINE AND HEALTH
ACADEMY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE //Science and innovation. – 2023.
– Т. 2. – №. Special Issue 8. – С. 493-499.
