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THE HANAFI MADHHAB AND ABU HAFS KABIR
Нийозова Гулчехра Шерматовна
Студентка 1-курса группы 16 FT(i)(rus)-24.
Каримов Сухроб Юсупович
Учитель-наставник Кафедра «История и филология»
Азиатский международный университет.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15098942
Abstract. This article examines the Hanafi madhhab and the role of Abu Hafs Kabir in its
development. Based on the book Hanafi Fiqh and Abu Hafs Kabir, it explores his contributions to
fiqh, his scholarly lineage, and his influence on Islamic legal tradition. The article also delves into
the historical context of the Hanafi madhhab’s expansion, the key principles that defined its legal
methodology, and how Abu Hafs Kabir’s legacy continued to shape Islamic jurisprudence.
Keywords: Hanafi madhhab, fiqh, Abu Hafs Kabir, Islamic law, Central Asia, Balkh,
Islamic scholarship
The Hanafi madhhab is one of the four Sunni schools of Islamic law, founded by the great
scholar Abu Hanifa (699–767 CE). This madhhab became particularly widespread in Khorasan,
Transoxiana (Ma’wara’ al-Nahr), the Ottoman Empire, and other regions of the Muslim world due
to its systematic legal methodology and adaptability to diverse cultural and social environments.
One of the key figures who played a crucial role in the development and expansion of
Hanafi fiqh was Abu Hafs Kabir (d. 217 AH / 832 CE). A prominent scholar of his time, Abu Hafs
Kabir was instrumental in systematizing and transmitting Hanafi jurisprudence. His contributions
were not only foundational for the consolidation of the madhhab in Central Asia but also for
shaping the future generations of Hanafi jurists.
This article explores his life, his contributions to Hanafi fiqh, and his lasting influence on
the legal tradition of the Muslim world.
The Life and Scholarly Lineage of Abu Hafs Kabir
Abu Hafs Kabir was one of the distinguished students of Abu Yusuf, who was the closest
disciple of Abu Hanifa himself. This placed him in the third generation of Hanafi scholars, linking
him directly to the intellectual legacy of the madhhab’s founder.
Abu Hafs Kabir was born in Bukhara, a major center of Islamic learning in Khorasan.
He studied under Abu Yusuf, who was a chief judge (qadi al-qudat) of the Abbasid
Caliphate and a leading figure in the Hanafi school.
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508
Through Abu Yusuf, Abu Hafs Kabir inherited the core principles of the Hanafi madhhab,
including its reliance on reasoned legal deduction (ijtihad), analogy (qiyas), and juristic preference
(istihsan).
As a native of Bukharian, he contributed to the spread of the Hanafi madhhab in this region,
establishing it as the dominant legal school in Transoxiana and beyond. Under his leadership, many
prominent scholars were trained, including his son, Abu Hafs Saghir, who continued his
intellectual legacy.
Contributions to the Development of Hanafi Fiqh
Abu Hafs Kabir’s work in Hanafi jurisprudence was significant in three main areas: legal
methodology, education, and the expansion of fiqh in Central Asia.
Abu Hafs Kabir played a major role in refining the legal reasoning process of the Hanafi
school. His contributions include:
Establishing a systematic approach to issuing rulings
He emphasized qiyas (analogy) as a tool for extending legal rulings to new cases.He
supported istihsan (juristic preference) when strict analogy led to hardship or injustice, aligning
with the principles of Abu Hanifa.He ensured that athar (narrations from the Companions)
remained a foundational source in Hanafi jurisprudence.Influence on major legal compilations
His work contributed to the structuring of classical Hanafi legal texts such as Al-Jami’ al-
Saghir and Al-Jami’ al-Kabir, compiled by Muhammad al-Shaybani, another key student of Abu
Hanifa.These works became primary references in the Hanafi madhhab and were widely studied
in madrasas.
Abu Hafs Kabir was also a renowned teacher who trained many scholars, ensuring the
transmission of Hanafi fiqh to future generations.
His madrasa in Bukhara became a major center of Hanafi scholarship.
He trained numerous fuqaha’ (jurists) who later became influential in Central Asia and
beyond.
He was known for his rigorous teaching methods, ensuring that his students had a strong
foundation in both theoretical and practical aspects of fiqh.
His son, Abu Hafs Saghir, continued his legacy and played an important role in maintaining
and furthering Hanafi jurisprudence.
During Abu Hafs Kabir’s lifetime, the Hanafi madhhab was gradually establishing itself as
the dominant school of Islamic law in the eastern Islamic world.
Bukhara became a key center for Hanafi scholarship
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509
His students carried Hanafi legal traditions throughout Central Asia, ensuring its firm
establishment in the region.
The Abbasid Caliphs favored the Hanafi school for its systematic legal methodology, and
Hanafi judges were often appointed in major Islamic cities. In later centuries, the Seljuk and the
Ottoman Empire adopted the Hanafi madhhab as their official school of law, further expanding its
influence.
The contributions of Abu Hafs Kabir had a lasting impact on the Hanafi madhhab and
Islamic legal tradition.
His teachings and legal methodologies were preserved and expanded by later Hanafi
scholars, including al-Marghinani, the author of Al-Hidayah, one of the most authoritative texts in
Hanafi fiqh.
The principles he emphasized—qiyas, istihsan, and reliance on athar—became defining
characteristics of the Hanafi school.Formation of a Scholarly TraditionAbu Hafs Kabir’s students
continued his intellectual legacy, ensuring that the Hanafi madhhab remained the dominant school
in Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of the Middle East.His son, Abu Hafs Saghir,
carried forward his scholarly tradition, further cementing their family’s contribution to Islamic
jurisprudence.
Abu Hafs Kabir played a crucial role in the establishment and strengthening of the Hanafi
madhhab, particularly in Central Asia. His scholarly lineage, methodological contributions, and
organizational efforts fostered the further development of Hanafi fiqh and the education of new
generations of jurists.
His teachings and legacy were carried on by his students, particularly his son, Abu Hafs
Saghir. Thus, the contributions of Abu Hafs Kabir remain significant not only in the history of the
Hanafi school but also in the broader framework of Islamic law. His work ensured that the
principles of Hanafi jurisprudence would continue to shape legal thought and practice in the
Muslim world for centuries to come.
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