Том 4 № 5 (2025)

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy o‘zbek she’riyati vakillaridan biri bo‘lgan Guljamol Asqarovaning ijodida adabiy-estetik kategoriyalarning badiiy talqini tahlil qilinadi. Shoiraning obraz yaratish mahorati, estetik ideallarni ifodalash uslubi va poetik tafakkuri orqali go‘zallik, fojiaviylik, komiklik kabi estetik tushunchalarning qanday ifoda topgani yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda Asqarova she’riyati tahlili orqali o‘zbek adabiyotining estetik mezonlari, poetik tafakkur o‘ziga xosligi ham ochib beriladi. Maqola adabiy-estetik tahlil metodlariga tayangan holda yozilgan bo‘lib, filologiya sohasidagi tadqiqotchilar uchun foydali ilmiy manba bo‘lishi mumkin.

Today we live in the world of information societies, in which the processes of globalization, information and communication and Internet technologies (ICTs) and intellectual development play a decisive role. In our republic, special importance is attached to these areas at the state level.

Статья посвящена анализу перевода фразеологических единиц в произведениях английского писателя Сомерсета Моэма на русский и узбекский языки. Сравниваются особенности перевода фразеологизмов, применяемые стратегии и степень соответствия оригиналу. В работе выявляются культурные и языковые различия, влияющие на выбор переводческого подхода. Анализ основан на сопоставлении оригинальных фразеологических единиц с их эквивалентами (или заменами) в двух языках перевода.

Ta’limni axborotlashtirish sharoitida bo‘lajak mutaxassislarning muloqot madaniyatini rivojlantirish o‘qitishning yangi usullari va texnologiyalarini qo‘llashga qaratilgan. Muloqot madaniyati yosh mutaxassislar uchun nafaqat professional sohada muvaffaqiyatga erishishda, balki ijtimoiy muhitda o‘zaro aloqalarni samarali o‘rnatishda ham muhim ahamiyatga ega. Mazkur tadqiqotda muloqot madaniyatini rivojlantirish uchun zamonaviy pedagogik metodlar va interaktiv texnologiyalar tavsiya etiladi.

This thesis explores the impact of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) on the speaking skills of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners at Uzbek universities. TBLT is an approach that emphasizes learning through the completion of meaningful tasks rather than focusing primarily on traditional grammar instruction. The study aims to investigate how this method affects the development of speaking skills, including fluency, accuracy, and confidence, in EFL learners. Data will be gathered through classroom observations, student surveys, and analysis of speaking assessments before and after TBLT implementation. The findings are expected to highlight the advantages of task-based learning in improving learners' communicative abilities and provide insights into effective strategies for integrating TBLT into EFL classrooms in Uzbekistan.

This article explores the general principles of consonant formation in linguistics, focusing on the challenges and complexities inherent in this aspect of phonetics and phonology. Consonant formation involves a range of articulatory processes, including place of articulation, manner of articulation, and voicing, which collectively contribute to the distinct sounds produced in human languages.

Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский — один из величайших писателей русской литературы XIX века, чьё творчество оказало огромное влияние на развитие мировой философской и художественной мысли. Его роман «Преступление и наказание» является не просто литературным произведением, а глубоким философским размышлением о природе человека, его свободе, совести, вине и искуплении. Это произведение охватывает множество тем, в том числе социальные противоречия, нравственные поиски, религиозные взгляды и психологическую драму.

This article analyzes the problem of Internet addiction, especially among students in grades 7-9. The role of the Internet in modern life and its impact on the lives of students are examined. The article highlights the negative impact of the Internet on social, mental and physical health, as well as on education. The analysis of the negative consequences of Internet addiction, its impact on the academic performance, mental state and social development of students is approached from a psychological, pedagogical and social perspective. It also emphasizes the methods of determining Internet addiction, such as questionnaires, tests, monitoring students' activities on the Internet and the possibility of detecting addiction at an early stage. The difficulties and problems that arise in overcoming Internet addiction, as well as the need for rational use of the Internet, time management, and the development of healthy interests are indicated.

This article analyzes the legal problems of personal data protection in the digital economy in Uzbekistan and offers practical solutions. The study examined the effectiveness of the Law “On Personal Data Protection” , its compliance with international standards (GDPR), and the practical application of the legislation based on statistical data for 2022–2025. The results showed the lack of clear mechanisms in the law, weak law enforcement, and shortcomings in adapting to global requirements. The discussion made proposals such as establishing a special supervisory body, regulating cross-border data exchange, and strengthening fines. The study serves as a roadmap for ensuring citizens' rights in the digital environment and improving legislation.

Jigar serozi - bu jigar hujayralarining fibroz to'qima bilan almashinuvi bilan kechuvchi surunkali kasallik bo'lib, organizm uchun og'ir oqibatlarga olib keladi Seroz jarayoni jigarning qon tomir tizimiga ta'sir qilib, qon ogimi buzilishiga sabab bo'ladi. Mazkur buzilishlarni aniqlashda Doppler ultratovush muhim diagnostik vosita hisoblanadi.

This scientific research analyzes the scientific and philosophical heritage of the great scholars of the Ancient East - Abu Nasr Al-Farabi, Abu Ali Ibn Sina and Al-Ghazali - and sheds light on their influence on the development of contemporary youth psychology on a scientific basis. The article reveals the importance of using the views of these scholars on human nature, mental state, upbringing and education in the processes of spiritual and moral maturity, intellectual potential and personal growth of young people. In particular, Al-Farabi’s ideas on moral education, Ibn Sinan’s mental balance and Al-Ghazali’s internal discipline are compared with modern psychological theories, in particular, Martin Seligman’s positive psychology and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s concept of «flow»[1]. The study demonstrates the application of these views in working with young people on the basis of practical examples, including “spiritual upbringing” programs used in educational institutions in Uzbekistan. The article proves that the heritage of the Ancient East is an important tool for strengthening the psychological stability of young people, increasing self-awareness and goal-oriented motivation.

This research explores the effectiveness of using mobile applications and virtual reality (VR) technologies in the foreign language learning process in an 8th-grade class at School No. 168 in the Chilonzar district. The study investigates the impact of these technologies on student performance, engagement, and overall learning outcomes. Data was collected through a combination of surveys, classroom observations, and academic results before and after the intervention. The findings revealed that despite the students’ interest in these technologies, technical difficulties, such as inadequate equipment and connectivity issues, hindered the successful implementation of mobile apps and VR. The results also indicate that while students expressed curiosity, their overall academic performance did not show significant improvement. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and improvements in teacher training and technical infrastructure.

The study explores the security risks associated with the use of Insert queries generated from user-provided data. In order to evaluate the vulnerability of Insert queries to SQL injection attacks and identify effective defense strategies, we conducted an experiment. This experiment demonstrated how an attacker could extract sensitive information, such as the database user credentials, details about the database itself, and the version of the server being used. Moreover, during a root user session, access to the attacked server’s file system was achievable. Our findings emphasize that, to safeguard against such vulnerabilities, it is crucial to implement stringent filtering of user input data.

Cточные воды предприятий нефтяной и газовой промышленности являются одним из основных источников загрязнения водоемов и почв. Сточные воды нефтегазовой промышленности содержат сложные смеси токсичных веществ, в числе которых — нефть, дизельное топливо, растворённые и эмульгированные углеводороды, а также тяжёлые металлы (ртуть, свинец, медь), фенолы, сероводород и другие органические и неорганические примеси. Эти вещества обладают высокой токсичностью и стойкостью в окружающей среде, что делает их трудными для удаления традиционными методами. 

Ushbu maqolada mahalliy brendlarning global bozorlarga chiqishi va ularni reklama xizmatlari yordamida dunyo bo‘ylab targ‘ib qilishning samarali strategiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Mahalliy brendlarni xalqaro darajada muvaffaqiyatli reklama qilish uchun marketing strategiyalari, raqamli reklama, ijtimoiy tarmoqlar va influencer marketing kabi zamonaviy vositalarning roli o‘rganiladi. Maqolada shuningdek, mahalliy brendlar uchun global bozorlarda o‘z o‘rnini topish va raqobatbardoshligini oshirish yo‘llari muhokama qilinadi.

The role of music clubs organized outside the classroom in the education of schoolchildren is detailed in this article. The author analyzed the possibilities of forming aesthetic taste, creative ability, spiritual and moral qualities in students through music clubs. The article focuses on the influence of music on the human psyche, teamwork, stage culture, patriotism, and the importance of raising respect for cultural heritage. Also, the existing problems and proposals for their elimination have been put forward. The article justifies the place of music clubs in the educational system and is of practical importance for pedagogues and school leaders.

It is clear that the current global restructuring, rapid computerization and changes in the field of education create the need to improve the quality of teaching. Human society New technologies were used to increase the effectiveness of the training process. It is combined with the aim of increasing the logical and creative potential of the student and preparing the young generation to live in new social conditions. Currently, the process of computerization of education is underway. The use of information and communication technology, new learning methods through the computer network is spreading. Modern requirements require the use of various techniques and methods at the level of personal development and expansion of cognitive dimensions.

В условиях реформирования банковского сектора Узбекистана возрастает значимость стратегической оценки деятельности коммерческих банков как основы для устойчивого развития, привлечения инвестиций и повышения конкурентоспособности. В статье рассматриваются современные методы стратегической диагностики, ключевые показатели эффективности (KPI), специфические риски национального банковского рынка и необходимость интеграции ESG-подходов. Особое внимание уделено цифровым и институциональным аспектам оценки, а также роли Центрального банка как координатора стратегических ориентиров в отрасли.

Ushbu maqolada etilenglikol va tereftal kislotani o‘zaro eterifikatsiyalash jarayoni, uning bosqichlari hamda reaksiya mexanizmi chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Eterifikatsiya reaksiyasi murakkab bosqichma-bosqich kechuvchi kimyoviy o‘zgarishlardan iborat. Maqolada jarayonda ishtirok etuvchi reaktivlarning kimyoviy xossalari, katalizatorlarning roli, reaksiya sharoitlari (harorat, bosim, muhit) va hosil bo‘ladigan oraliq birikmalarning shakllanish mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, kinetik va termodinamik jihatlar hamda sanoat miqyosida qo‘llaniladigan texnologik yechimlar haqida ham ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

The relevance of studying the problem of stroke in young people is due to the fact that its etiology in a significant proportion of patients differs from the etiology of stroke in older age groups and often remains unclear, and this affects secondary prevention; the algorithm for examining these patients has not been sufficiently developed; the medical and social consequences are great. Among young people with AI, over 40% return to work, which is associated with better recovery of motor and speech functions compared with patients of older age groups [2, 7]. In connection with the above aspects, a number of studies are being conducted studying stroke in young people. The most common classification in clinical practice is the etiopathogenetic subtypes of AI (TOAST), let's consider some provisions [12, 15]:

Ushbu maqolada Ossuriya imperiyasining eng kuchli va nufuzli hukmdorlaridan biri bo‘lgan Asarxaddon davrida davlatning siyosiy, harbiy va madaniy hayoti yoritiladi. Asarxaddon (miloddan avvalgi 681–669-yillar) davrida Ossuriya o‘z qudratining cho‘qqisiga chiqib, Misrgacha bo‘lgan hududlarni egalladi va o‘zini mintaqaning yagona superdavlati sifatida namoyon qildi. Maqolada shuningdek, uning ichki islohotlari, tashqi siyosati, harbiy yurishlari va diniy siyosati tahlil qilinadi. Asarxaddon davrida markaziy hokimiyat mustahkamlanib, imperiya boshqaruvi yanada takomillashgani, hamda bu davr Ossuriya tarixida o‘ziga xos taraqqiyot bosqichi bo‘lganligi asoslab beriladi. Tadqiqot tarixiy manbalar va arxeologik topilmalar asosida yozilgan bo‘lib, qadimgi Yaqin Sharq tarixini o‘rganishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Вторичный продукт, являющийся одной из фракций пироконденсата, образующихся при пиролизе углеводородов, разделяет различные ароматические углеводороды и расширяет номенклатуру сырья для химической промышленности республики.

Bugungi kunda ko‘p yadroli aromatik uglevodorodlar va ular asosida olinadigan turli mahsulotlarga sanoatda keng qo‘llanilish hisobiga talab ortib bormoqda. Antrasen, antraxinon va ularning hosilalaridan asosan bo‘yovchi moddalar, fungitsidlar, akkaratsidlar kabi zaharli kimyo vositalari va h.k. materiallar ishlab chiqariladi, shu bilan birga ular asosida turli polimer materiallar ham olish imkoniyatlari ma’lum. Ko‘p yadroli arenlar asosida olinadigan ionalmashinish smolalari turli selektivlikga egaligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ion almashinish smolalari yani ionitlar Uglevodorodlar pirolizdan olingan va qayta ishlangan mahsulot bo’lib bugungi kunda organik tabiatga ega bo‘lgan chiqindilarni qayta ishlashning qulay usuli pirolizdir. Dunyo bo‘yicha millionlab tonna organik tabiatli chiqindilar polegonlarda yig‘ilib yotadi va atrof-muhitga katta zarar keltiradi.

The article examines the position of public relations in the modern world. The concept of "public relations" has been defined. The main goals and principles of PR will be discussed.

Засуха остаётся одним из самых разрушительных природных явлений, оказывающих долгосрочное влияние на сельское хозяйство, водные ресурсы и экосистемы. В связи с этим растёт значение систем дистанционного зондирования Земли, в частности, спутниковых данных MODIS, предоставляющих регулярную и масштабную информацию о состоянии поверхности. В данной обзорной статье рассматриваются основные методы анализа засух на основе данных MODIS, включая использование вегетационных и температурных индексов, а также интегративные подходы к оценке засушливых условий. Обсуждаются преимущества и ограничения использования MODIS, а также перспективы дальнейших исследований в данной области.

Writing has long been a powerful tool for driving social change. From the revolutionary pamphlets of the Enlightenment to the modern-day blog posts advocating for justice, the written word has played a crucial role in shaping public opinion, challenging oppressive systems, and inspiring collective action. This article examines the historical evolution of writing as a catalyst for social transformation, highlighting key moments in history where writing has been instrumental in advancing social movements. It also explores contemporary applications of writing in the digital age, where online platforms allow individuals to mobilize, share ideas, and challenge existing power structures. The article argues that writing remains a fundamental tool for social change, adaptable to the challenges and opportunities of each era.

Maqalada «Er Sayım» dástanı tilindegi túrkiy tillerine ortaq sózler úyrenilgen.

Bugungi kunda Respublikasmizda oliy ta‘lim tizimini zamon talablari asosida jahon andozalariga to‘laqonli javob beradigan tarzda rivojlantirish masalasi hukumatimizning ustuvor vazifalaridan hisoblanmoqda[4]. “Biz, jismoniy tarbiya va sport sohasida xalqaro standartlarga muvofiq kompleks bilimlarga ega malakali kadrlar tayyorlash sifatini yaxshilash, sportda ilm-fanni jadal rivojlantirish, yuqori malakali raqobatbardosh trener-o‘qituvshilar, mutaxassislar xamda ilmiy xodimlarni tayyorlash jarayonlarini yanada takomillashtirishga qaratilgan yaxlit tizimni ishlab shiqish”kabi vazifalar belgilab berilgan[9].

This article discusses the role of new and modern methods - innovative approaches  in modern education. Traditional teaching methods are not enough for modern requirements. Therefore, new methods such as digital technologies, interactive methods, game-based teaching, group work are being introduced into education. The article explains how these methods are beneficial, how they increase students’ interest in learning and help prepare them for life. Examples of how innovations are widely introduced in education in Uzbekistan are also given.

This study focuses on the genetic monitoring of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) strains in a high-burden region of Central Asia. A total of 360 clinical isolates were collected and analyzed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to detect resistance-associated mutations and determine the genetic structure of circulating strains. The most common mutations were found in katG, rpoB, gyrA, and Rv0678. The study revealed high regional prevalence of the Beijing lineage (58%). Genomic data enabled identification of transmission clusters and geographic resistance patterns. These findings provide a foundation for molecular surveillance and targeted interventions in tuberculosis control programs across the region.

The green economy aims to achieve sustainable development by minimizing environmental risks and promoting the efficient use of natural resources. However, the implementation of green projects often requires substantial capital investments, which remain a major challenge for many developing countries. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model presents a viable solution for mobilizing private sector investment in environmentally sustainable initiatives.

This article highlights significant changes in the methodology of piano teaching that occurred during the 2020s. The introduction of distance learning, the widespread use of digital platforms, and the application of interactive tools have led to the transformation of traditional teaching methods into modern formats. The use of video resources, digitized methodological guides, gamified lesson formats and the implementation of artificial intelligence for individualized approaches have considerably improved the process of piano instruction. The article analyzes these developments and emphasizes their advantages and impact on the quality of music education.

After the formation of the Uzbek SSR, a movement to unite artisans and craftsmen into cooperatives took place in the republic. The importance of handicraft production.

Coxarthrosis, a degenerative hip joint disease, is a critical public health issue in Uzbekistan’s Fergana region, where occupational, genetic, and lifestyle factors drive its high prevalence. This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of advanced diagnostic techniques, robust preventive strategies, and innovative treatment modalities to address the disease’s burden. Cutting-edge diagnostic tools, including quantitative MRI and molecular biomarkers, are evaluated for early detection. Preventive measures, encompassing nutritional reforms, ergonomic interventions, and community-based exercise programs, are tailored to Fergana’s socioeconomic and cultural context. Modern treatments, from regenerative therapies to robotic-assisted surgeries, are explored for their transformative potential. The article advocates for a multidisciplinary public health framework, integrating medical innovation, policy reforms, and community empowerment, to mitigate coxarthrosis’s socioeconomic impact and enhance quality of life in Fergana.

After the formation of the Uzbek SSR, a movement to unite artisans and craftsmen into cooperatives took place in the republic. The importance of handicraft production.

Coxarthrosis, a degenerative hip joint disease, is a critical public health issue in Uzbekistan’s Fergana region, where occupational, genetic, and lifestyle factors drive its high prevalence. This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of advanced diagnostic techniques, robust preventive strategies, and innovative treatment modalities to address the disease’s burden. Cutting-edge diagnostic tools, including quantitative MRI and molecular biomarkers, are evaluated for early detection. Preventive measures, encompassing nutritional reforms, ergonomic interventions, and community-based exercise programs, are tailored to Fergana’s socioeconomic and cultural context. Modern treatments, from regenerative therapies to robotic-assisted surgeries, are explored for their transformative potential. The article advocates for a multidisciplinary public health framework, integrating medical innovation, policy reforms, and community empowerment, to mitigate coxarthrosis’s socioeconomic impact and enhance quality of life in Fergana.

Fraudulent trading, often surfacing during corporate insolvency, refers to the deliberate conduct of business with intent to defraud creditors or for other dishonest purposes. This article explores the legal framework surrounding fraudulent trading, the challenges in enforcement, and the evolving judicial attitudes across jurisdictions such as the UK, South Africa, and the EU. While legal provisions exist to protect creditors and hold directors accountable, enforcement is often hindered by evidentiary burdens and limited preventive mechanisms. This paper concludes by suggesting legal reforms and proactive regulation as essential to curbing financial misconduct and enhancing corporate accountability.

Sportchilarda chidamlilik sifatini rivojlantirish metodikasi yuqori natijalarga erishish uchun zarur bo‘lgan asosiy komponentlardan biridir. Bu metodika orqali sportchilarni yuqori intensivlikda ishlashga tayyorlash, organizmning uzoq muddat davomida yuqori yüklanishlarga chidamli bo‘lishini ta'minlash mumkin.

Mazkur maqolada bolalar orasida uchraydigan gapirishdagi nuqsonlar va ularning kelib chiqish sabablari tahlil qilinadi. Nutqiy rivojlanishdagi bu muammolar ta’lim-tarbiya jarayoniga jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada aynan logopedik metod orqali bolalarning nutqini to‘g‘rilash, ularni til va adabiyot darslariga tayyorlashda qanday usullar qo‘llanishi mumkinligi ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Metodning amaliy qo‘llanilishi, ta’limiy samarasi va bolaning ijtimoiy moslashuviga ta’siri keng yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqolada ilmiy tadqiqotning dolzarbligini asoslashda qo‘llaniladigan asosiy metodlar tahlil qilinadi. Dolzarblikni asoslash ilmiy ishning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatini ochib berish, mavjud muammolarni aniqlash va ularni yechish zaruratini asoslash uchun muhimdir. Maqolada zamonaviy ilmiy metodologiya nuqtayi nazaridan muammoli yondashuv, statistik tahlil, empirik kuzatish, kontent-tahlil kabi metodlar o‘rganiladi.

Jawbone defects resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have emerged as a new and serious complication in clinical medicine. Particularly in cases with severe progression, use of steroids, and prolonged hospitalization, bone regeneration and infection in the jaw region become prevalent. This article examines the main causes of jaw defects post-COVID-19, their diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment approaches.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiy ijodida muhim o'rin tutgan ruboiy janri, uning shakliy va mazmuniy xususiyatlari, falsafiy va tasavvufiy g'oyalarning badiiy ifodasi, ayniqsa, "Turmay meni zoru notavon birla ko‘ngul..." ruboiysi misolida tahlil etiladi. Navoiy ruboiylarida ko‘ngil, muhabbat, sadoqat, ilohiy ishq kabi tushunchalar qanday tasvirlangani, shuningdek, shoirning badiiy uslubidagi nozikliklar va poetik vositalar yoritiladi.

This study explores modern approaches to optimizing management in electric power enterprises. It examines AI-based forecasting, digital monitoring, network infrastructure control, and strategic decision-making using integral indicators. The analysis relies on real data, visual graphs, and credible scientific sources. Findings suggest that a comprehensive management approach can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of electric energy companies.

Cholesterol management is pivotal in mitigating cardiovascular disease, a leading global cause of mortality. This article explores contemporary strategies for controlling cholesterol levels, integrating pharmacological advancements, lifestyle interventions, precision medicine, and digital health technologies. Statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and inclisiran offer robust LDL-C reduction, while Mediterranean and Portfolio diets, exercise, and behavioral interventions enhance holistic care. Precision medicine, leveraging genetic testing and polygenic risk scores, tailors treatments, and digital tools like mobile apps and AI-driven algorithms improve adherence and monitoring. Global disparities in access to advanced therapies and adherence challenges are significant barriers, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Emerging approaches, including gene editing, microbiome modulation, and nanotechnology, promise future innovations. The article underscores the need for equitable, multidisciplinary strategies to optimize cholesterol management and reduce cardiovascular risk worldwide.

Ushbu maqolada ushbu sohadagi asosiy o‘qitish texnologiyalari va metodlari va bo`lajak texnik muhandislsrning eng yaxshi chizma loyihasi bo‘yicha bilim faoliyatlarini rag`batlantirib borish ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Qandli diabet kasalligini zamonaviy tibbiyot yondashuvlari asosida davolash masalalari yoritilgan. Diabet kasalligining tarqalish sabablari, davolashda qo‘llanilayotgan yangi dori vositalari va texnologik yangiliklar tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, II tur diabetni nazorat qilishda qo‘llanilayotgan SGLT2 va GLP-1 agonistlarining afzalliklari, shuningdek, glyukozani uzluksiz monitoring qilish tizimlarining ahamiyati ochib beriladi.

Mazkur ilmiy ishda raqamli iqtisodiyot sharoitida soliq tizimini modernizatsiya qilish zaruriyati va bu yo‘nalishdagi asosiy islohotlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ishda raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt, blokcheyn, elektron hisob-faktura va ma’lumotlar omborlari orqali soliq ma’murchiligini takomillashtirish masalalari tahlil qilinadi.

Maqolada boksning qisqacha tarixi ko‘rib chiqiladi, texnikani o‘rganish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar, boshlang'ich bokschilar uchun asosiy qoidalar. Bokschilarning zarbalarni bajarish va himoya holatida ishlashdagi asosiy xatolariga e’tibor qaratiladi. Shuningdek, bokschilarda jarohatlarning oldini olish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

This thesis is security , international harmony and religious tolerance provision of issues modern in society place and the importance seeing comes out Of these concepts mutual depending on them to do in progress problems and solutions analysis Uzbekistan​​ like many ethnic and many religious countries for example security in providing state politics , international relationships in strengthening cultural integration and religious tolerance in providing secular the role of approaches is different is emphasized . The thesis is global examples and local experiments by comparison , this in the field problems in solution education , enlightenment and social of activity the importance shows . Of young people society stable in development for the role separately attention given their​ cultural and religious many to the contrary relatively openness and respect in the spirit upbringing necessity will be praised . State thesis and society mutual cooperation through quiet and prosperous society construction opportunities seeing It will come out .

Для нормального функционирования ВОСП-ВР более важными являются характеристики самого оптического волокна. При изучении ВОСП-ВР значительно большее внимание должно уделяться хроматической дис­персии.

Mirtemir – o’zbek adabiyotining yorqin vakillaridan biri bo’lib, uning sheriyati chuqur falsafiy mazmun, milliy ruh va badiiy yangiliklarga boy. Uning asarlarini o‘qigan o‘quvchi o‘ziga hos samiyatga duch keladi.