Том 4 № 6 (2025)

Ushbu tezisda guvohning sud majlisidagi protsessual maqomi xalqaro huquqiy standartlar asosida o‘rganiladi. Inson huquqlari bo‘yicha muhim xalqaro hujjatlar, jumladan BMTning “Inson huquqlari umumjahon deklaratsiyasi”, “Fuqarolik va siyosiy huquqlar to‘g‘risidagi xalqaro pakt”, Yevropa inson huquqlari konvensiyasi, Rim statuti va unga tegishli protsessual qoidalar asosida guvohning xavfsizligini ta’minlash, shaxsi va huquqlari himoyasi, shuningdek anonim guvohlik, guvohlikdan bosh tortish huquqi kabi institutlar yoritilgan. Xalqaro tajriba asosida guvohni jismoniy va psixologik himoya qilish, ko‘rsatmalarining xolisligi va ishonchliligini ta’minlash orqali jinoyat protsessining adolatli kechishiga xizmat qiluvchi huquqiy asoslar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, xalqaro sudlarda guvohlar bilan ishlash amaliyoti va ularning protsessual maqomini mustahkamlashga qaratilgan mexanizmlar o‘z aksini topgan.

This article describes the capabilities of an IT specialist who speaks English in professional activities and in career advancement. Among the main reasons contributing to a successful career in the IT field are the opportunity to collaborate with clients from other countries, the use of English language skills when coding software, the ability to justify one’s positions and innovative ideas in the international arena, and the disclosure of professional abilities when interviewing in an international company. The opportunities that knowledge of English gives a specialist are mutual understanding and cooperation with colleagues from different countries, the choice of a well-paid job, access to the most relevant information provided in English, participation in international conferences and webinars, and the generation of innovative ideas based on international experience. All this contributes to success in professional activities in the IT field.

This article presents the results of a practical study on the impact of multilingual environments on the speech development of children and adolescents. Conducted exclusively in library settings, the research involved the examination and analysis of academic literature from the fields of linguistics, psychology, and education. The aim was to understand how multilingual exposure affects language acquisition, fluency, and cognitive development. Findings indicate that while multilingualism can enhance metalinguistic awareness and communication skills, it can also introduce complexities such as code-switching and temporary language delays. The article concludes with specific recommendations for educators, parents, and speech therapists to support balanced language development in multilingual contexts.

Ushbu maqola “O‘zbekistonda turizmni rivojlantirish strategiyasi va istiqbollari” mavzusini o‘z ichiga oladi. Turizm global iqtisodiyotda muhim soha bo‘lib, iqtisodiy rivojlanish, madaniy almashinuv va mintaqaviy barqarorlikka katta hissa qo‘shadi. Ushbu ishda O‘zbekistonda turizm sohasining hozirgi holati, uning mamlakat barqaror rivojlanishi uchun strategik ahamiyati yoritilgan. Boy tarixiy va madaniy merosga ega bo‘lgan O‘zbekiston jahon turizm xaritasida muhim yo‘nalishlardan biriga aylanish uchun ulkan salohiyatga ega. Maqolada infratuzilmani modernizatsiya qilish, turistik mahsulotlarni diversifikatsiya qilish va xizmatlar sifatini oshirish masalalariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan. Mahalliy va xalqaro sayyohlarni jalb etish uchun innovatsiyalarni joriy etish, davlat va xususiy sektor hamkorligi hamda barqaror turizm amaliyotlari muhim omillar sifatida tahlil qilingan. Shu bilan birga, ekologik muhitni muhofaza qilish, madaniy merosni asrab-avaylash va mas’uliyatli turizm rivoji masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Mazkur ish O‘zbekistonni Markaziy Osiyodagi yetakchi turizm markaziga aylantirish uchun zarur bo‘lgan keng qamrovli strategiyalar haqida ma’lumot berib, iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish hamda mamlakatning xalqaro nufuzini yanada mustahkamlashga qaratilgan tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

Potatoes are considered one of the staple food products in the daily life of the global population, as they are a valuable source of essential carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients. Potatoes are one of the most important agricultural crops and are rightfully referred to as the “second bread.” China, India, Russia, the USA, Germany, Bangladesh, Poland, France, and the Netherlands are among the leading producers of potatoes. Uzbekistan ranks 23rd on this list. To achieve high yields and ensure domestic supply of locally grown potatoes, the implementation of several effective measures is necessary. This article presents the monitoring results of studies conducted on the spread and development of late blight disease in potato fields in the Samarkand region during 2022–2024.

Ушбу мақолада инсон хулқ-атвор ва  руҳий ҳолатининг ўзгаришида когнитив-бихевиорал терапиянинг ўрни таҳлил қилинган. КБТ усули орқали шахсий муаммолар, хавотир, депрессия каби ҳолатлар устида самарали ишлаш имкони таҳлил этилади. Мақолада КБТнинг асосий тамойиллари, ишлаш механизми ва кундалик ҳаётдаги аҳамияти ёритилган.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations and practical importance of using authentic materials in the development of linguistic competence. Authentic materials are considered an effective tool for teaching language learning based on real-life situations and forming oral and written speech skills in students. The article also emphasizes that these materials increase motivation for language learning, help to understand the cultural context, and strengthen communicative competence. According to the results of the study, the educational process organized using authentic materials serves to jointly develop the linguistic and cultural knowledge of students.

Maqolada talabalar siyosiy faolligini oshirish, ularda siyosiy madaniyatni shakllantirish masalalari, yoshlarda siyosiy madaniyatni shakllantirishning ichki va tashqi ehtiyojining mazmun mohiyati ochib berilgan.

The oil and gas industry stands at a crossroads amid global energy transitions, technological innovations, and mounting environmental challenges. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the modern requirements for oil and gas industry professionals. Through a review of recent literature and industry reports, it identifies the critical blend of advanced technical skills, environmental stewardship, and interpersonal competencies essential for workforce effectiveness in this dynamic sector. The findings underscore the necessity for continuous upskilling, adaptability, and a holistic approach to energy solutions that integrate sustainability and digital transformation.

In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to use multiple languages effectively and appropriately across various contexts is essential. This article explores the development of plurilingual competence through three interconnected dimensions: metalinguistic awareness, transversal competencies, and sensitivity to cultural context. Drawing upon the CEFR framework and relevant linguistic theories, the paper emphasizes that plurilingual competence involves more than language proficiency—it requires strategic thinking, cross-cultural understanding, and the ability to integrate language knowledge dynamically. The paper proposes pedagogical approaches for fostering these skills among language learners, particularly in higher education.

Ushbu maqolada taniqli adabiyotshunos olim Begali Qosimovning Abdurauf Fitrat ijodi haqidagi ilmiy qarashlari, tahlil va baholari tayanilgan holda Fitratning ilmiy, badiiy va ma’rifiy merosi keng yoritiladi. Begali Qosimovning Fitrat shaxsiyati, adabiy qarashlari va milliy uyg‘onishdagi roli haqidagi ilmiy mulohazalari asosida Fitrat fenomeni chuqur ochib beriladi.

This scientific article presents a comprehensive analysis of the historical-geographical and geopolitical significance of the caravan routes that traversed the Lower Amu Darya region. Particular attention is paid to their pivotal role as integral branches of the Great Silk Road, contributing to international trade, cultural exchange, and interaction among civilizations in Central Asia. Using examples of tangible and intangible heritage—such as caravanserais, archaeological sites, and the local cultural environment—the article reveals the scope and content of the economic and cultural dynamics of the period. The study also evaluates the potential of these routes for the development of modern tourism.

This article expounds upon the historical underpinnings of the city of Khiva, a subject that demands a meticulous approach in terms of research, design, and survey work due to its unique and intricate nature.

The article examines conceptual approaches to the study of the evolution of Sino-Iranian relations in the context of the transformation of the modern international system. Particular attention is paid to the strategic partnership between China and Iran, considered as a dynamic geopolitical flash with minimal potential for strategic consolidation. The roles of China and Iran in bilateral relations are analyzed, as well as their participation in the implementation of the global strategic initiative "One Belt - One Road". In addition, the impact of Sino-Israel cooperation on the balance of power in the Middle East region and its indirect impact on China's relations with Iran are considered.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the grammatical and lexical teaching methodology in teaching the Russian language from a linguistic perspective. The research is aimed at studying the interrelationships between the structure of the language and its grammatical and lexical aspects, and on this basis, the effectiveness of the application of linguistic theory to practical methodology is considered. The article emphasizes the importance of how grammatical rules and lexical units are meaningfully and systematically conveyed to students in the process of language learning.

Ushbu maqolada issiqlik tarqalish tenglamasining teskari masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Asosiy e’tibor, ma’lum bir vaqt va joyda o‘lchangan harorat ma’lumotlari asosida dastlabki harorat taqsimotini aniqlashga qaratilgan. Ishda issiqlik tarqalish tenglamasining ikkinchi chegaraviy masalasi misolida teskari masalaning matematik qo‘yilishi va uning xususiyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, noaniq va cheklangan o‘lchov ma’lumotlari asosida barqaror yechim olish uchun qo‘llaniladigan yondashuvlar muhokama qilinadi. Bu teskari masala amaliyotda haroratni nazorat qilish, materiallarning issiqlik xususiyatlarini o‘rganish va sanoat jarayonlarini optimallashtirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

The Tactile Internet envisions real-time control, haptic feedback, and remote interaction with ultra-low latency and high reliability, enabling mission-critical applications such as remote surgery, autonomous driving, and immersive virtual reality. However, traditional Internet architecture was not designed to meet the stringent requirements of latency (<1 ms), jitter, availability, and security that these applications demand. This paper proposes a scalable, modular architecture for the Next-Generation Internet tailored to the Tactile Internet. It incorporates edge intelligence, network slicing, deterministic networking, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves end-to-end latency below 1 ms in 92% of use cases under controlled conditions. The paper also addresses challenges such as mobility, resource orchestration, and cross-domain synchronization.

Бугунги кунга келиб жазони ижро этиш муассасаларида маҳкумларнинг мослашуви, шарт-шароитларга кўникишлари бироз қийин бўлмоқда. Маҳкумларнинг психологиясига кучли таъсир кўрсатмоқда. Маҳкум мақоми бу унинг суд томонидан тайинланган жазо муддати тугагунга қадар бўлган статуси ҳисобланади. Нима бўлган тақдирда ҳам у инсон унинг психологияси ва муассасага жойлашуви психологлар томонидан чуқур ўрганилиши ва назорат остида бўлиши лозим.

This article provides practical information on drawing a model of an Uzbek skullcap in the AutoCAD graphic program in engineering and computer graphics lessons and the development of professional graphic competence of students.

Mazkur maqolada inklyuziv ta’lim jarayonida empatiya va tolerantlik tushunchalarining nazariy asoslari, ularning o‘rni va ahamiyati ilmiy-nazariy nuqtai nazardan tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu fazilatlarni o‘quvchilar orasida shakllantirishning samarali metodlari, milliy va xorijiy tajribalar, o‘qituvchi va ota-onalarning roli yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari inklyuziv muhitda ijobiy ijtimoiy-psixologik muhit yaratishda empatiya va tolerantlikning muhimligini asoslaydi hamda amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.

A large family is a family with three or more children, including adopted children under the age of eighteen. The types of large families are families in which the parents consciously decided to have many children, families in which the parents did not seek to have many children, families that have many children as a result of the formation of two single-parent families and families with many children as a result of disadvantage.

The hard world of global supply lines now needs new, smart ways to handle money. This study looks at how real-time info from the Internet of Things (IoT) changes finance choices in supply chains and makes company cash use better. By showing all steps of goods' flow, IoT lets us take chances in real-time, makes paying easier, and betters how we keep stock. This mix helps in managing cash needs and dealing with sellers, moving from old fixed money plans to live, data-led money controls. Examples, like Pinduoduo's tech-driven farm platform, show how IoT info can act as new backing, making money access fair for less helped groups. Yet, the end of TradeLens shows tech skills are not enough; we need full team work and clear, fair value for all to truly accept this tech. Even as issues with mixing data, keeping it safe, and big-scale use stay, the main goal to use IoT for better cash cycles is key for ongoing good money results and leading the field.

Мақолада таълим самарадорлигини оширишда мустақил таълимни шакллантириш, илмий ва соҳавий ёндашув масаласи, изланишни ижодий тарзда олиб боришга оид фикрлар таҳлилга тортилган. Шунингдек, талабалар мустақил таълимни шакллантиришда эътибор бериши керак бўлган жиҳатлар юзасидан тавсиялар илгари сурилган.

Ushbu maqola o‘zbek tilidagi leksik birliklarning ideografik talqinini o‘rganib, so‘zlarning bevosita referentlaridan tashqari, qanday qilib tizimli tushunchaviy ma’nolarni ifoda etishini tahlil qiladi. Muhokama zamonaviy o‘zbek va xalqaro adabiyotlarga tayanib, leksikografiya, kognitiv semantika va kompyuter tilini qayta ishlash sohasidagi so‘nggi lingvistik tadqiqotlarga asoslanadi. Asosiy e’tibor semantik maydonlarga, madaniy o‘ziga xoslikka hamda leksemalarning ham ona tili, ham qiyosiy tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan o‘zgaruvchan talqinlariga qaratiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada ideografik tahlilning tarjima, lug‘atshunoslik va til o‘rganish uchun ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi, bunda o‘zbek tilshunoslik maydonida texnologik integratsiyaga alohida e’tibor beriladi.

The article talks about the reading of literature in shaping the performance skills of the students of the "Theatre Art" faculty, and about illuminating the inner experiences of the characters of the stage through the works. Some methodological guidelines are also discussed.

Mazkur ilmiy ishda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi iqtisodiyotiga investitsion qo‘yilmalarning samaradorligini baholash masalasi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotda investitsion faoliyatning nazariy asoslari, investitsion jarayonlarning rivojlanish tendensiyalari, tarmoqlar va hududlar kesimidagi sarmoya oqimlari tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan birga, investitsion loyihalarni baholashda qo‘llaniladigan asosiy ko‘rsatkichlar – sof joriy qiymat (NPV), ichki rentabellik darajasi (IRR), investitsiya qaytish muddati (payback period), foyda normasi (ROI) kabilar amaliy misollarda tadqiq etilgan.

Введение. Современные экономические и социальные трансформации диктуют необходимость поиска новых путей развития сферы физической культуры и спорта. Одним из наиболее перспективных направлений является внедрение эффективных механизмов спортивного маркетинга. В условиях роста конкуренции среди спортивных организаций, возрастающих ожиданий со стороны болельщиков и партнёров, маркетинг становится неотъемлемым элементом стратегии развития. Одним из таких инструментов является спортивный маркетинг, представляющий собой особое направление маркетинговой деятельности, направленное на продвижение спортивных продуктов, услуг, мероприятий и брендов, а также на формирование и удержание лояльной аудитории. Его значение возрастает в условиях глобализации, цифровизации и роста конкуренции между спортивными организациями, особенно с учётом современных потребительских предпочтений и поведения болельщиков.

Данная статья посвящена анализу процессов социального, экономического и культурного обновления мусульманского общества Туркестана в XIX–начале XX веков в условиях колониального давления и модернизационных вызовов. Исследование показывает, что колониальная политика Российской империи, с одной стороны, разрушала традиционные исламские структуры, а с другой — способствовала экономической специализации края, росту городской буржуазии и проникновению европейской культуры через торговлю, образование и технологии.

To date, the degree of aggressive nature of children who have difficulty communicating with roommates is one of the highest in psychology. Aggressive behavior of children leads to goosebumps on their skin, which can lead to acne. Aggressive Hattis are people from the Hatti family, Tengri gurus, and ommavi yogis. Aggressive bullies on social media accused the teacher of harassment and referred to profanity.:

Статья посвящена роли ESG-принципов (экологических, социальных и управленческих) в обеспечении устойчивого промышленного развития. Рассматриваются ключевые аспекты ESG и инновационные подходы к управлению, способствующие повышению эффективности и устойчивости предприятий. Приведены примеры практического применения ESG в промышленности.

Mazkur maqolada avtoservis korxonalarida zaxiralarni boshqarishning o‘ziga xos jihatlari, zaxira turlari, ularni saqlash va boshqarish usullari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mavjud muammolar, ularning yuzaga kelish sabablari hamda ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari ilmiy-analitik yondashuv asosida yoritilgan. Zaxira tizimining samaradorligi korxona faoliyatining uzluksizligini, xizmat ko‘rsatish sifati va mijozlar ehtiyojini qondirish darajasini belgilab beradi. Maqolada real misollar, statistik ma’lumotlar va boshqaruv strategiyalari asosida amaliy tavsiyalar keltirilgan.

The aim of this research is to study innovative foreign and local experiences in greening areas considered climatically unfavorable for plant cultivation in Uzbekistan. Based on this, the study seeks to develop proposals and recommendations for greening desert regions and settlements in the Aral Sea region and improving their ecological conditions. The article explores practices of plant cultivation and landscaping in areas characterized by extensive sand and desert terrain, with particular focus on experiences from China and Egypt—especially the creation of the Serapium forests in the Egyptian deserts. It further proposes how these experiences can be applied in Uzbekistan’s challenging regions, such as saline and desert soils in the Aral Sea area, including settlements. The study also offers suggestions on using wastewater (sewage) for afforestation, controlling sand drifts, and implementing effective landscaping in these inhospitable conditions.

Развитие устной речи младших школьников в условиях языковой среды представляет собой один из ключевых аспектов современной педагогики, особенно в условиях одновременного изучения родного и иностранного языков. Формирование речевой компетенции у детей младшего школьного возраста происходит наиболее эффективно в насыщенной языковой среде, где родной язык является опорой для освоения новых лингвистических структур. Исследования показывают, что билингвальная среда способствует развитию метапредметных навыков, таких как логическое мышление, внимание и языковая осознанность.