№ 20 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Vocabulary acquisition plays a central role in developing communicative competence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Traditional methods often rely on textbook vocabulary lists and rote memorization, which may not reflect the dynamic and context-based nature of real-life language use. In recent years, authentic video materials—such as movie clips, interviews, vlogs, and news segments—have gained popularity as effective tools for enriching vocabulary and providing learners with meaningful exposure to language in context.

Mazkur maqolada Buxoro viloyatida aholi bandligining zamonaviy holati, tarkibiy xususiyatlari va dinamik tendensiyalari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Bandlik masalasi viloyat iqtisodiyotining rivojlanish sur’atlari, demografik tarkib, ijtimoiy guruhlar faoliyati va mehnat resurslarining hududiy taqsimoti bilan uzviy bog‘liq holda o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqotda yoshlar va ayollar bandligi, noformal mehnat sektori ulushi, mehnat migratsiyasi oqimlari, shuningdek, kasbga yo‘naltirish tizimining hududiy samaradorligi alohida yoritiladi. Viloyatdagi bandlikni shakllantiruvchi asosiy tarmoqlar, tumanlararo nomutanosibliklar va rasmiy statistika bilan real bandlik darajalari o‘rtasidagi tafovutlar ilmiy tahlil qilinadi. Maqola yakunida hududiy bandlik siyosatini takomillashtirish, zaif qatlamlarni mehnatga jalb qilish va barqaror bandlik modelini shakllantirish bo‘yicha asoslangan takliflar ilgari suriladi.

Ushbu maqolada jurnalist va blogerlarning zamonaviy jamiyatdagi o‘rni, ularning jamoatchilik fikrini shakllantirish va axborot tarqatishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, ularning faoliyatini himoya qiluvchi huquqiy asoslar, so‘z erkinligi va axloqiy majburiyatlar yoritilgan. Internetdagi faoliyat bilan bog‘liq xavf-xatarlar va O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligida OAV vakillarining huquq va majburiyatlari ham ko‘rib chiqilgan.

In recent years, a number of legislative acts have been adopted in our country aimed at ensuring reliable protection of individual rights and freedoms, respect for personal honor and dignity, expanding the application of the adversarial principle at all stages of legal proceedings, as well as the implementation of international standards and advanced foreign experience in this field. In the Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Measures for Further Strengthening the Guarantees of Protection of Individual Rights and Freedoms in Judicial and Investigative Activities” dated August 10, 2020, and based on proposals from the General Prosecutor’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Security Service, the Ministry of Justice, and the National Human Rights Center, amendments were made to the criminal procedure legislation regarding the concept of admission of guilt. The task was set to introduce the institution of plea agreements.

This comparative study explores the depiction of womanhood in Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie and Jennie Gerhardt, two landmark novels of American literary naturalism. Both works portray female protagonists navigating economic hardship, social expectation, and moral ambiguity in a rapidly modernizing society. Through the characters of Carrie Meeber and Jennie Gerhardt, Dreiser reveals the fragility of ideals such as love, virtue, and ambition when confronted by the forces of class disparity and gender oppression. While Carrie pursues material success and adapts to urban capitalism, Jennie embodies self-sacrifice and emotional dependency within a more traditional moral framework. By contrasting these two female journeys, the study highlights Dreiser’s evolving vision of womanhood—complex, conflicted, and deeply shaped by the deterministic pressures of their environments.

This paper investigates the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on higher education, with a specific focus on Japan Digital University between 2021 and 2023. Drawing on empirical data, cohort-based performance trends, and technological developments, the study explores how the systematic integration of AI tools—such as adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated feedback mechanisms—contributed to measurable academic improvements. During the three-year period, the percentage of students receiving top grades significantly increased, while failure rates declined, indicating a positive shift in learning outcomes.

This thesis provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the structure of the system for developing a motivational environment for employees in educational institutions, its main components and their impact on educational outcomes and personnel efficiency. The thesis comprehensively covers the internal and external factors of the motivational environment, the opportunities created for the professional development of teachers, a fair and transparent incentive system, as well as the importance of creating a positive work environment. The reforms being implemented in the education system of Uzbekistan, in particular, the adopted draft laws and programs on the professional development of teachers and material and moral incentives, are considered, as well as practical aspects of developing a motivational environment.

Maqolada    Sho’rolar davridagi tibbiyotining o‘z shakillanish va rivojlanish tarixi to’g’risida so’z boradi. Shuningdek maqolada turkistondagi tinbiyot, uning moddiy-texnik bazasi, hamda unda faoliyat olib borgan shifokorlarning faoliyati to’g’risidagi ma’lumotlar mavjud.  Maqolada Turkiston xalq kommissarlari sovetining tibbiyot bo’yicha ishlab chiqqan Nizomlari tahlil etiladi. 

В статье рассматривается использование  лингвистического анализа текста для развития речевых умений у младших школьников. Показана эффективность систематического анализа текстов на уроках русского языка для формирования навыков устной и письменной речи.

Ushbu maqolada bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning pedagogik madaniyatini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishda interaktiv o‘qitish metodlarining o‘rni tahlil qilingan. Interaktiv metodlar orqali talabalarda kasbiy muloqot madaniyati, axloqiy me’yorlarga amal qilish ko‘nikmalari hamda ijtimoiy mas’uliyat hissini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Muallif interaktiv metodlarning samaradorligi, ularning o‘quvchi-o‘qituvchi o‘rtasidagi faol hamkorlikni kuchaytirishdagi roli va pedagogik madaniyatni amaliy shakllantirishdagi ahamiyatini ochib bergan. Shuningdek, maqolada interaktiv metodlar turlariga qisqacha tavsif berilib, ularni o‘quv mashg‘ulotlariga tatbiq etish bo‘yicha amaliy tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, interaktiv metodlardan samarali foydalanish pedagogik jarayonni insonparvarlik ruhida tashkil etishga, talabalarning kasbiy va ma’naviy kamolotiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.

In this article, you will learn about the collections of memoirs about the poet, which serve as important sources for studying Hamid Olimjon's work, and the authors' analysis of the unique aspects reflected in Hamid Olimjon's poetry, drama, and journalism, the poet's life path, his entry into creativity, and his early collections of works that are subject to literary analysis.

Ushbu she`r 1945-yil 19-sentabrda yozilgan. Bu she`rdagi har bir misrada insonlar uchun tinchlik deb atalmish ne`mat qanchalar aziz ekanligini ko‘rishimiz mumkin. Shunday onlar va hodisalar borki juda qisqa vaqtda sodir bo‘ladi, biroq o‘zidan keyin inson umriga yetgulik xotiralarni o‘zida jo qiladi. Shunday hodisalar borki, go‘yo juda uzoq muddatni o‘zida mujassam qiladi. Urush ham insonlar uchun mana shu ikki vaqtni o‘zida mujassamlashtirdi. Urush boshlangan hamono o‘z farzandidan ayrilib yashagan umri qisqa bo‘lishiga qaramay ming yulduz so‘nishiga yetgulik bo‘lgan dard, alamni his qilgan onaning hayoti-yu, urushning yakunlanishiga oid hujjatga qisqa vaqtda qo‘yilgan imzoning insonlar taqdirida bir nafas olgulik muddat bo‘lganiga guvoh bo‘lamiz.

In the modern education system, the quality of assessment of knowledge and competencies is one of the key factors that determine the effectiveness, transparency, and fairness of the educational process. In particular, assessment through test-based examinations is recognized as one of the most widely used methods to evaluate students' knowledge level and intellectual potential. Therefore, the importance of scientifically grounded approaches-especially psychometric approaches-in test construction, analysis of test quality, and implementation in practice is steadily increasing.

Neonatal screening, conducted for the purpose of early detection of hereditary disorders and metabolic disorders, is important for the healthy development of adolescents. Proper collection, processing, and transportation of blood samples during screening directly affects the accuracy of the results [1,2,3]. The most effective method is to apply blood from the child's heel directly to the filter paper. This method is a priority for screening. The use of tubes and capillaries containing EDTA or citrate preservatives is not recommended unless blood is taken directly onto filter paper. It is generally accepted that these methods can lead to errors in the results. This holds particular significance in the management of illnesses linked to lysosome buildup, specifically for the prompt and early detection of Fabry disease [4,5].

The article highlights the theoretical foundations, practical application, and effectiveness of organizing management and control processes in teaching analytical chemistry through modern digital educational technologies. It also analyzes the classification of certain platforms, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the differences between them.

Maqolada umumiy o'rta ta'lim maktablarida geografiya fanini o'qitishda innovatsion texnologiyalar va metodlardan foydalanishning asosiy masalalari yoritib berilgan. Dars jarayonini tashkil etishda interaktiv metodlarni qo'llash, oʻquvchilarning bilim va ko'nikmalarni shakllantirish, ularni mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirishni rejalashtirish haqida fikr borgan. Umumiy o‘rta taʼlim maktablarida geografiya fanini o‘qitishda zamonaviy, innovatsion yondashuvlardan foydalanishning afzalliklari, ularning taʼlim sifati va samaradorligiga taʼsiri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, innovatsion texnologiyalar asosida dars jarayonini tashkil etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltirilgan.

This thesis explores the unique challenges and strategies involved in translating English children's literature into Uzbek. Focusing on two popular titles — The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? — it examines how tone, rhythm, and cultural elements are preserved or adapted during the translation process. The study uses a qualitative, analytical approach to identify methods such as adaptation, substitution, and domestication. Findings suggest that successful translations for children require not only linguistic accuracy but also cultural sensitivity and creative flexibility to engage young readers effectively.