Vol. 4 No. 7 (2025)

Natural waste again work not only ecological stability to provide , but economic efficiency increase It is also important for Uzbekistan . village farm in the field working removable organic waste every year noticeable in quantity For example , Uzbekistan​​ village 10 million tons per year on the farm organic waste , including plant remains and animal waste working If this is waste again if not used , they soil and of the air pollution reason to be possible . Plant​ remains , for example , many plants harmful This is a place for own in turn crops to the quality impact does

Ushbu ilmiy ishda maktabgacha ta’lim tarbiyalanuvchilarini har tomonlama rivojlantirish hamda ularning shaxsiy yutuqlarini tizimli kuzatishda mental arifmetikaning o‘rni va amaliy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida mental arifmetikaning bolalarda tafakkur, diqqat, xotira va tezkor fikrlash kabi muhim psixologik-pedagogik ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishdagi roli yoritilgan.

Dictionary semantics is one of the important areas for the disciplines of linguistics and lexicography. The representation of word meanings in dictionaries, their systematic development, and the opinions of various scholars on this subject make a great contribution to the development of lexicology. In this article, we will talk about how dictionary semantics is developed, who has conducted what research in this area, and which scholars' opinions are noteworthy.

Ushbu maqolada Cota Altissima o‘simligining morfo-biologik xususiyatlari va vadorivorlik (ekstremal sharoitlarga moslashuvchanlik) xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. O‘simlik yuksak tog‘larda va quruq sharoitlarda o‘sib, o‘zining kuchli ildiz tizimi, tor va qattiq barglari orqali tabiiy muhitning qiyin sharoitlariga moslashgan. Cota Altissima o‘simligi fotosintez jarayonida suvsizlikka qarshi yuqori darajada adaptatsiyalangan va qisqa vegetatsiya davrida samarali urug‘lar ko‘paytiradi. Maqola, o‘simlikning ekologik ahamiyatini, uning tuproq eroziyasining oldini olish va hayvonlar uchun oziq-ovqat manbai sifatidagi rolini ko‘rsatadi. Cota Altissima o‘simligi ekologik tizimda o‘zining muhim o‘rnini egallaydi va uning o‘rganilishi ekologiya va botanika fanlarida katta ahamiyatga ega.

Ушбу маколада  инглиз ва  узбек тилларида экологик  атамаларнинг структурал-композитцион хусусиятлари ва уларниниг лингвистик хусусиятлари экологигик атамаларнинг нуткда тутган урни хакида мулохаза юритилади.

Ushbu maqolada tekislikdagi to‘g‘ri chiziq tenglamalari va ularning turli shakllari batafsil ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, to‘g‘ri chiziqlarning o‘zaro munosabatlari – parallel, perpendikulyar va kesishish holatlari ham tahlil qilinadi. Mazkur mavzu geometriya va analitik geometriyada keng qo‘llaniladi.

This article is focused on analyzing the contemporary social and ethical issues related to the harmonization of human dignity and beauty. It provides a deep analysis of the relationship between beauty and values, the ethical responsibility of external appearance, and social pressures. The impact of media and social networks on beauty standards, cosmetic surgery, and the rise of external appearances are discussed in relation to ethical dilemmas. Additionally, the article examines how to maintain the harmony between beauty and human dignity, as well as the challenges of promoting social equality in society.

Айбга иқрорлик тушунчаси ва аҳамияти, ижтимоий ҳуқуқий зарурати, ривожланиш тарихи, жазо тайинлаш билан боғлиқ амалиётдаги айрим муаммолар бўйича фикр-мулоҳазалар юритилиб, таклиф ва тавсиялар ёритилган. Фуқароларнинг ҳуқуқ ва эркинликларини ишончли таъминлаш, айбга иқрорлик тўғрисида келишув тузилган жиноятлар бўйича жазо тайинлаш институтининг мазмун-моҳиятига аниқлик киритилиб, амалиётдаги айрим муаммолар бўйича фикр-мулоҳазалар юритилган ҳамда таклифлар ишлаб чиқилган.

Mazkur maqolada eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan bolalar uchun sahna san’ati integratsiyasining ahamiyati va innovatsion yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Sahna san’ati bolalarning kommunikativ qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy moslashuvi va ijodiy tafakkurini oshirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan bolalar uchun moslashtirilgan sahna san’ati metodlari, jumladan, imo-ishora tili, ritmik harakatlar, vizual texnologiyalar va sensor o‘yinlardan foydalanishning samaradorligi ilmiy tadqiqotlar asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi.

This thesis examines the influence of feedback on comprehension among middle school students. Feedback, as a dynamic educational tool, has been shown to play a critical role in shaping students’ understanding, motivation, and overall academic performance. This study synthesizes current literature and proposes a conceptual model to illustrate how various types of feedback – formative, summative, immediate, and delayed – affect comprehension at the middle school level. Through a detailed literature review, analysis of classroom practices, and a discussion of empirical studies, this paper highlights the conditions under which feedback is most effective. Findings suggest that timely, specific, and actionable feedback not only bolsters comprehension but also promotes self-regulated learning and academic growth. Implications for educators include the integration of targeted feedback strategies into daily instructional practices and the adoption of continuous assessment methods that support student learning. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and the interaction between feedback modalities and diverse learner characteristics.

В данной статье представлена кодикология развития туристической отрасли в Самарканде и этапы развития, а также освещены сведения о традициях, памятниках культуры, святых местах паломничества.

Enhancing speaking fluency in young learners is crucial for developing their communication skills and confidence in language use. This study explores effective strategies and methodologies to improve speaking fluency among young learners, focusing on age-appropriate activities that encourage active participation and natural language use. Techniques such as interactive storytelling, role-play, games, and peer collaboration are shown to foster an engaging environment that promotes fluency by reducing anxiety and building conversational skills. Additionally, incorporating feedback mechanisms and a supportive atmosphere helps learners overcome hesitation and self-doubt, leading to improved fluency over time. This research highlights the importance of creating a learner-centered, communicative approach in teaching speaking skills, aiming to lay a strong foundation for young learners' future language proficiency.

Ushbu maqolada "nuqtadan to'g'ri chiziqqa bo'lgan masofa" va "ikki to'g'ri chiziq orasidagi burchak" kabi geometriyaning muhim tushunchalari ko'rib chiqilgan. Nuqtadan to'g'ri chiziqqa bo'lgan masofa, berilgan nuqtadan to'g'ri chiziqqa bo'lgan eng qisqa masofa sifatida aniqlanadi va bu masofani hisoblash formulasi taqdim etilgan. Ikki to'g'ri chiziq orasidagi burchak esa, ularning yo'nalish vektorlarining orasidagi burchakni hisoblash orqali aniqlanadi. Maqolada, bu tushunchalarning matematik formulalari, amaliy qo'llanilishlari va geometriyada qanday ishlatilishi haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan.

Cultural competence is a fundamental aspect of English language education, enabling learners to interact effectively in diverse social and cultural settings. This paper explores the role of interactive teaching strategies in fostering cultural awareness and intercultural communication skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. A theoretical review and empirical studies on role-playing, discussions, multimedia resources, and collaborative projects demonstrate their effectiveness in broadening students’ understanding of different cultures. The findings highlight the benefits of interactive methods in improving student engagement, cultural adaptability, and communication proficiency. The paper includes real-world case studies and survey results to support these claims. The study concludes by recommending further empirical research and technological integration to enhance cultural competence in language education.

Koronavirus infektsiyasi 2019-yil dekabrida boshlanib, dunyoning barcha mamlakatlariga tarqaldi. COVID-19 uch yil davomida dunyo bo’ylab 6,6 milliondan ortiq o’lim holatiga sabab bo’ldi. COVID-19 nafaqat bemorlarning sog’lig’iga jiddiy ta’sir ko’rsatgan, balki ilgari mavjud bo’lgan somatik kasalliklarining rivojlanishiga ham salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatgan. Ayniqsa, ankiloziya spondiliti (AS) kasalligi bilan og’rigan bemorlar COVID-19 ni o’tkazganidan keyin sog’liq holatining yanada og’irlashishini kuzatgan. Ushbu ishning maqsadi AS bemorlarida COVID-19 infektsiyasini o’tkazganlikdan keyin kartilaginal degradatsiya biomarkeri bo’lgan CTX-II ning darajasini o’rganishdir.

Mazkur maqola mantiqiy tafakkur tushunchasini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan bo‘lib, uning mazmuni va mohiyatini tahlil etadi. Maqolada mantiqiy tafakkurning falsafiy, psixologik va pedagogik jihatlari, uning kundalik hayotdagi ahamiyati va ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni keltirilgan. Shuningdek, mantiqiy tafakkurning rivojlanishi va uning ijtimoiy-hayotiy faoliyatdagi roli haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi. i. Maqola o‘quvchilarga va talabalar uchun mantiqiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish yo‘llari va metodikalariga oid ilmiy asoslangan tavsiyalarni taqdim etadi.

This article provides insights into reforms, challenges, and solutions in the preschool education system. Preschool education is the primary part of lifelong learning. It stimulates the child's desire to learn, prepares him for systematic learning, ensuring that the child is formed into a healthy and developed person. Therefore, the further strengthening of this system, the creation of favorable conditions in preschool education, the wide involvement of preschool children in them play an important role in the formation of our children as harmonious and mature individuals.

Yoshlarda tarixiy voqea-hodisa haqida o’z fikrini (ijobiy yoki salbiy) bildirish orqali, tarixni tadqiq etuvchi sifatida ma’lum bir dalilga asoslangan holda, tarixiy dalilni bilish unga voqeani tahlil qilish, o’z xulosasini aytishga imkon berishdir. Milliy tafakkur yuksalishida ijtimoiy va tarixiy ongni o‘stirish,  o’tmishni aks ettiruvchi g’oyalar, qarashlar bilan tarixiy ongni boyitish. Shu bilan birga yoshlarda haqiqiy hayot hamisha har qanday dalil, hujjat yoki manbadan ko’ra kengroq mazmunga ega bo’lishi haqidagi nuqtai nazarni qaror toptirish. Yoshlarda milliy yuksalish tafakkurni rivojlantirishda ijtimoiy-siyosiy omil sifatida milliy yuksalish g’oyalariga e‘tibor berish. Bugungi kunda buyuk davlat, buyuk kelajagimizga erishish uchun siyosiy yetuk, ma’rifatli, o’zining o’tmishi, uning qadriyatlari, millati bilan faxrlanadigan va kelajakka ishonadigan insonlarni tarbiyalashdir.

Ushbu maqola frazeologik birliklarning turg'unlik, ma'no yaxlitligi, takroriylik va idiomatiklik kabi asosiy belgilarini tahlil qilishga bag'ishlangan. Frazeologik birliklarning tasnifi, turg‘unlik shakllari va semantika xususiyatlari ko‘rib chiqilib, ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridan qiyosiy misollar keltiriladi. Madaniyatlararo muloqot va tarjimada idiomatiklikning roliga alohida e'tibor beriladi. Tadqiqot frazeologik birliklarning mohiyatini va ularning til tizimidagi faoliyatini chuqurroq tushunishga qaratilgan.

Maqolada interfaol ta’lim tushunchasi uning ta’lim jarayoniga qо‘llash zarurligi, shuningdek, boshlang‘ich ta’lim pedagogikasi, innovatsiya va integratsiya fanini o‘qitishda “Assisment” metodini qo‘llash yо‘llari yoritilgan.

In today's digital world, cybersecurity has become one of the most important issues. Despite firewalls, antiviruses and complex passwords, cybercriminals continue to find vulnerabilities. At this point, boot hackers  that is, "well-intentioned" hackers  come into the field.

Mazkur maqolada tarbiya jarayonini tashkil etishda o‘qituvchining kreativ yondashuvi muhim omil sifatida yoritilgan. Kreativ yondashuv o‘quvchilarning faolligini oshirish, ularni ijtimoiy hayotga tayyorlash, mustaqil fikrlash va ijodkorlik salohiyatini rivojlantirishga xizmat qilishi ta’kidlangan. Shuningdek, individual yondashuv, zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish, ota-onalar bilan hamkorlik va o‘qituvchining doimiy izlanishda bo‘lishi orqali tarbiyaviy ishlarning samaradorligini oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqola tarbiyaviy faoliyatda yangilikka intiluvchi pedagoglar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Sharq tillari, xususan fors, arab, urdu va turkiy tillar, o‘zining boy tarixiy ildizlari, badiiy go‘zalligi va estetik ifoda vositalari bilan ajralib turshi xususida so‘z yuritilib, ushbu tillarda bitilgan adabiy meros, jumladan, Hofiz, Sa’diy, Rudakiy, Navoiy, G‘azzoliy kabi mutafakkirlar asarlari, inson ma'naviyatini tarbiyalashda, tafakkurini boyitishda va til sezuvchanligini rivojlantirishda beqiyos ahamiyati tadqiq qilinadi.

Мазкур мақолада Ҳиротда темурйлар даврида шаклланган ўзига хос академия – Бойсунғур Санъат академиясининг кенжа вакилларидан бўлган Фахруддин Али Сафийнинг ҳаёти ва мероси тадқиқ этилган. Мутафаккирнинг ўзига хос джунёқараши ва меросининг аҳамиятли томонларидан бири сифатид “Мажолис ун-нафоис”да Алишер Навоий ўзидан 22 ёш кичик замондоши Али Сафийга махсус ўрин ажратиб, унга алоҳғида эҳтиром билан таърифлар келтиргани таъкидланган.

Бу мақолада ўрта аср кийимларининг турлари, уларнинг замонавий урф билан солиштирилиши ва рангларининг маъноси таҳлил қилинади.

Ushbu maqolada vabo kasalligiga qarshi ko‘rilgan qatt’iy chora-tadbirlar va buning oqibatida qo‘zg‘olonning kelib chiqishi ,tezlik bilab ushbu qo‘zg‘olonning shavqatsizlarcha bostirilganligi yoritilgan.

Оʻzbеkistоn imkоniyаti chеklаngаn sроrtchilаrning tаrаqqiyоtidа murаkkаb, аmmо bоy tаrixgа еgа. Sоvеt dаvridа mаrkаzlаshtirilgаn tizim mаvjud bоʻlsа-dа, mustаqillikdаn kеyin milliy idеntifikаtsiyа vа rivоjlаnish yаngi yоʻllаr оchdi. Ushbu mаqоlаdа SSSR dаvri vа mustаqillik yillаridа Оʻzbеkistоndа imkоniyаti chеklаngаn sроrtchilаrning sроrtdаgi tаrаqqiyоti, yutuqlаri, qiyinchiliklаri tаhlil qilinаdi.

This article is dedicated to the study of the concept of logical thinking, as well as the analysis of its content and essence. The article examines the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical aspects of logical thinking, its importance in everyday life, and its role in the education system. In addition, it discusses the development of logical thinking and its role in social and practical activities. The article offers scientifically grounded recommendations on methods and ways of developing logical thinking for students and learners.

It has been established that in the last decade the incidence of Alport syndrome among children has increased, the disease has become more frequently diagnosed. Alport syndrome is a hereditary disease that affects the kidneys, hearing and vision organs. It is rare, but can lead to chronic renal failure and complete hearing loss in childhood. At the same time, timely diagnosis plays a major role in preventing early severe consequences.

мазкур мақолада ички ишлар органлари ходимларини рағбатлантириш ретроспектив таҳлили ёритилган. Шунингдек, ички ишлар органларида рағбатлантиришнинг ўтган асрлардаги ҳолати баён этилган. Бундан ташқари ички ишлар органлари ходимларини рағбатлантиришга оид тарихий фактлар ёритилган.

Terrorism remains one of the most pressing global challenges, threatening the stability of societies and undermining human security. Defined as the use of violence and intimidation to achieve political, religious, or social objectives, terrorism seeks to instill fear, disrupt social order, and impose ideologies through coercion. This article examines the multifaceted nature of terrorism, exploring its causes, methods, and societal impacts from a humanistic perspective. By analyzing its socio-political, economic, and ideological roots, the study underscores the need for comprehensive strategies that prioritize justice, equality, and global cooperation to address this pervasive issue.

This article examines two of J.R.R. Tolkien’s invented languages that are associated with darkness, fear, and secrecy in The Lord of the Rings: the Black Speech of Mordor and Khuzdul, the secret tongue of the Dwarves. It analyzes how these “dark tongues” symbolize power, terror, secrecy, and cultural isolation, and how they function within the narrative to delineate moral and cultural divisions. Through a close reading of the use and reception of these languages in the novel, this study demonstrates that Tolkien’s dark tongues are far more than exotic additions to his world: they are integral narrative devices that reinforce the story’s moral geography and deepen the realism of Middle-earth’s cultures.

Project-based learning (PBL) is a dynamic pedagogical approach increasingly adopted in higher education to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application. PBL emphasizes active, student-centered learning through complex, interdisciplinary projects, fostering essential skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, collaboration, and self-regulation.

this thesis explores the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies in enhancing formative assessment feedback in university-level language education. Metacognitive strategies, which involve students' awareness and regulation of their cognitive processes, play a crucial role in fostering self-regulation and improving learning outcomes. In the context of formative assessment, which provides ongoing feedback to guide students’ learning, the integration of metacognitive strategies can significantly enhance students' ability to engage with and apply feedback. The study aims to investigate how metacognitive strategies impact students' responses to formative assessments and how such strategies can be integrated into the feedback process to improve learning outcomes.

This article presents the impact and importance of innovation on economic prosperity. The concept of resistance to innovation and the role of inertia in the innovation process are analyzed. The innovation process is discussed not only from the perspective of technical or technological changes but also from the perspective of institutional transformations. Today, innovations are an integral part of the development of any organization, enterprise, or society. Resistance to new technology, ideas, or changes is considered a natural process. Innovation resistance arises from people's skepticism and fear towards new ideas, leading to reluctance in accepting them. The article explores a set of general approaches to overcoming resistance to innovation. It discusses the role of economic culture in the context of institutional changes and provides arguments that overcoming resistance to innovation is necessary for implementing transformations and enhancing economic prosperity. The article analyzes the causes, types, and methods of overcoming innovation resistance.

Терговчи жиноят процессида исбот қилишнинг асосий субъектларидан бири бўлиб, у қонунда назарда тутилган ваколатлар доирасида жиноят иши бўйича дастлабки терговни амалга ошириш ваколатига эга бўлган мансабдор шахс сифатида далилларни тўплаш, текшириш ва баҳолашни амалга оширади. Исбот қилиш жараёнида терговчи ўз ваколатлари доирасида жиноят иши бўйича далилларни тўплаш, текшириш ва баҳолашни жиноят процессуал қонун нормаларида тартибга солинган қоидалар асосида амалга оширилади.  Кўриниб турибдики, терговчининг дастлабки терговда исбот қилидаги ўрни етарли даражада аҳамиятлидир.

Modern medical education is in the process of constant transformation, caused by both changes in medical science itself and the demands of society for the quality of training of medical personnel. The problem of increasing the effectiveness of training future pediatricians is becoming especially urgent, since working with children requires not only deep knowledge, but also a special approach, including emotional sensitivity, communication skills, as well as a quick and accurate clinical assessment of the child's condition. In this context, comprehensive pediatric training based on a combination of theoretical training and active clinical practice is playing an important role.

Mazkur maqolada qadimgi Xitoy adabiyoti, uning shakllanish bosqichlari, asosiy adabiy yodgorliklari hamda ularning Sharq adabiyoti taraqqiyotiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Adabiy namunalarda aks etgan falsafiy va estetik qarashlar tahlil qilinib, qadimiy matnlarning badiiy va tarbiyaviy ahamiyati yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda tarixiy manbalar va tarjima qilingan asarlarga tayanilgan.

Ushbu maqola O'zbekistonning Markaziy Osiyoda tinchlik va barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi o'rnini tahlil qiladi. O'zbekiston, o'zining strategik joylashuvi va tarixiy merosi bilan, mintaqada tinchlik va barqarorlikni saqlashda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Maqolada O'zbekistonning diplomatik tashabbuslari, mintaqaviy hamkorlik va xavfsizlik sohasidagi faoliyati, shuningdek, iqtisodiy va madaniy aloqalar orqali tinchlikni ta'minlashga qo'shgan hissasi ko'rib chiqiladi. O'zbekistonning mintaqaviy va global miqyosda barqarorlikni ta'minlashdagi ahamiyati, shuningdek, uning xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan hamkorligi ham yoritiladi. Ushbu maqola, O'zbekistonning tinchlik va barqarorlikni saqlashdagi o'rnini yanada chuqurroq anglashga yordam beradi.

This article focuses on the research of two plants—arugula (Eruca vesicaria) and European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)—which have been traditionally used in folk medicine and are also significant in the food industry. The study presents the results of scientific investigations into the systematics, geographic distribution, origin, and bioecology of these plant species cultivated in various regions of our country. The research also addresses important issues such as providing the population with high-quality food and medicinal plant products, and gaining a deeper understanding of their biological and agrotechnical characteristics