No. 14 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

This article examines the Soviet Union's policy of one-sided development of Uzbek agriculture through cotton cultivation and its consequences.

Ushbu maqolada ijobiy istak mazmunini ifodalovchi til birliklarining inson ruhiyatiga ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri psixolingvistik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Ijobiy istaklar motivatsiya, emotsional barqarorlik, stressni kamaytirish va ijtimoiy uyg‘unlik kabi omillar orqali inson ruhiy holatiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada tilshunoslik va psixologiya kesishgan nuqtalar, shuningdek, madaniy va diniy kontekstdagi istak birliklarining ahamiyati yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Sh. Xolmirzayev hikoyalarida o‘zbek xalqining xaraketeri haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Hikoyalardan olingan xuloslar o‘zbek millatining  turmush tarzi, madaniyati, insoniylik tuyg‘ularini bilishga xizmat qilgan.

В переработке молочного сырья на предприятиях используют оборудование, которое улучшает качество продукции, уничтожает бактерии, отделяет сыворотку. Переработка необходима, чтобы увеличить ассортимент и эффективно использовать сырьѐ.

This paper explores the crucial role of linguistic corpora in determining word frequency within a language. By analyzing large, structured collections of authentic texts, linguistic corpora provide reliable statistical data that reflect real-world language use. The study discusses various types of corpora (such as balanced, specialized, and learner corpora) and their applications in frequency analysis. It highlights how frequency data derived from corpora inform lexicography, language teaching, computational linguistics, and psycholinguistic research. The paper also examines methodological approaches to frequency counting and the importance of corpus representativeness and size. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that corpora-based frequency analysis offers a more objective and comprehensive understanding of lexical usage compared to intuition-based methods.

The article analyzes modern conceptual models aimed at improving the quality of education in the field of philology. The role of innovative methods, digital technologies and interactive educational tools in the educational process is explored. The author suggests ways to improve the effectiveness of philology education by introducing effective models in the management of educational quality. The article contains theoretical and practical recommendations that can be used in practice for educational institutions.

ushbu ilmiy maqolada bugungi kunda texnologiyaning rivojlanishi natijasida butun sohlarda qo’llanilayotgan yangi kompyuter tizimi ya’ni sun’iy intelektning ta’lim jarayonida foydalanish usullari keltirilgan. Sun’iy intelekt yordamida ta’lim jarayonini primitiv ta’limdan kreativ ta’lim jarayonini yuzaga keltirish uchun foydalanish imkoniyati haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Xitoy va Markaziy Osiyo o‘rtasidagi savdo aloqalarining jadallashuvi, xususan, Xitoy–Qirg‘iziston–O‘zbekiston (XQO) yangi transport yo‘lagi orqali, mintaqadagi logistika infratuzilmasini tubdan o‘zgartirmoqda. Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonning Andijon viloyatida qurilishi rejalashtirilayotgan logistika terminalining strategik roli tahlil qilinadi. Terminal Xitoydan kelayotgan yuk oqimlari uchun muhim multimodal markaz sifatida qaralmoqda. Maqolada ushbu terminalni yangi yo‘lak bilan integratsiyalash orqali eksport salohiyatini oshirish, logistika xarajatlarini kamaytirish va mintaqaviy bog‘liqlikni kuchaytirish imkoniyatlari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, bojxona tizimlari integratsiyasi, raqamli infratuzilma va xalqaro standartlarga mos texnik talablar yoritiladi. O‘zbekistonning Jahon savdo tashkilotiga (JST) a’zo bo‘lishi fonida logistika sohasidagi imkoniyatlardan to‘laqonli foydalanish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi.

В статье приведены факторы, влияющие на качество передачи оптических каналов в системах с разделением по длине волны. Рассмотрены методы уменьшения этих факторов.

Turkiy tilli davlatlar tajribasida yoshlarni qo‘llab-quvvatlashga doir qarashlar ko‘p hollarda umumiy tarixiy-madaniy ildizlarga, turkchilik yoki milliy uyg‘onish mafkuralariga tayanadi. Bu yondashuvlar ko‘pincha yoshlar strategiyasini g‘oyaviy birlik, madaniy merosga sadoqat, hamjihatlik va avlodlar uzviyligi asosida quradi. Biroq bunday yondashuvlar tanqidiy-falsafiy tahlilga tortilganda, ularning normativ-mafkuraviy xarakteri, shuningdek, ijtimoiy farqlilik va tanlov erkinligini cheklash ehtimoli namoyon bo‘ladi.

Мазкур мақолада Осиё мамлакатлари, жумладан Ўзбекистонда ҳаво транспорти объектларида жиноятларга қарши курашишда тезкор-қидирув фаолиятининг ҳуқуқий ва амалий асослари атрофлича таҳлил қилинади. Муаллиф ҳаво транспортида содир этиладиган жиноятлар хусусиятларини, уларни аниқлашдаги муаммоларни ва халқаро тажриба асосида самарадорликни ошириш йўлларини кўрсатиб беради. Қонунчиликни такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифлар берилган.

Ushbu maqolada mashg‘ulotlar jarayonida maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni logopedik o‘qitishda innovatsion yondashuvning o‘rni to‘g‘risidagi masalalar o‘rganilgan. Mazkur maqolada maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning nutqiy rivojlanishida logopedik mashg‘ulotlarning ahamiyati va bu sohada innovatsion texnologiyalarni qo‘llash orqali erishiladigan natijalar tahlil qilinadi. Amaliy tajriba natijalariga tayangan holda, raqamli vositalar, multimodal mashg‘ulotlar va o‘yinli yondashuvlar logopedik faoliyatni samarali tashkil etishda muhim omil bo‘lishi ta’kidlanadi. Xorijiy va o‘zbek pedagoglarining ilg‘or fikrlari asosida tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

As the Republic of Uzbekistan actively integrates into the global economic space, the development of the textile industry—one of the leading sectors of the national economy—has been identified as a strategic priority. This sector constitutes a significant portion of the country’s export potential, provides thousands of jobs, enables deep processing of agricultural raw materials, and facilitates the export of finished products to international markets. In this context, enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises plays a vital role not only in ensuring microeconomic efficiency but also in achieving macroeconomic stability.

Mazkur maqolada kremniy asosida yaratilgan quyosh fotoelementlarining ishlashiga ta’sir etuvchi tashqi omillar, xususan, iqlimiy va ekologik sharoitlarning texnologik samaradorlikka ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Quyosh panellari samaradorligiga havo harorati, yorug‘lik intensivligi, namlik, chang va mexanik bosim kabi omillar qanday tarzda ta’sir ko‘rsatishi haqida muhim ilmiy asoslangan mulohazalar bayon etiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu omillarning modullar degradatsiyasiga olib keluvchi mexanizmlari va ularning oldini olish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar keltirilgan.

Gender tenglik – bu ayollar va erkaklarning iqtisodiy, siyosiy va ijtimoiy imkoniyatlar tengligini anglatadi. Xizmat koʻrsatish sohasi turizm, moliya, sogʻliqni saqlash, taʼlim, IT va boshqalar iqtisodiyotning dinamik tarmogʻi boʻlib, unda gender tengligini taʼminlash ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi, innovatsiyalar va barqaror iqtisodiy oʻsishga ijobiy taʼsir koʻrsatadi. Xizmatlar sohasida gender tenglikni ta’minlash inson resurslaridan to‘laqonli foydalanish ya’ni korxonalar faoliyatida iqtisodiy o‘sishni ta’minlash bilan bir qatorda korxona faoliyatini kengayishiga, ushbu sohaning yanada rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shadi.

This article emphasizes that while motivation can stem from internal desires or external rewards, teachers play a fundamental role in shaping and sustaining students’ motivation. Key strategies include building positive teacher-student relationships, providing autonomy, promoting relevance and competence, and offering constructive feedback. The text highlights how student-centered teaching methods, real-life connections, and goal-setting improve motivation and learning outcomes. Additionally, it underscores the importance of trust, encouragement, and intrinsic motivation over reliance on external rewards. Research findings support that teacher support directly impacts students’ academic performance and emotional well-being.

This article explores the historical evolution of economic doctrines in the states situated along the Silk Road, beginning with early barter-based trade and culminating in the sophisticated economic policies of great empires. The study analyzes the key stages in the development of economic thought and practice in the region, highlighting the influential role of governments in regulating trade, protecting commercial routes, and instituting economic monopolies. The research emphasizes how the economic ideas of antiquity and the Middle Ages have contributed to the formation of modern principles of trade and state involvement in the economy.