All articles - Sociology

Subjects of research: features of formation of freedom and responsibility of the person and of its interrelation with national mentality.
Purpose of work: definition the role of freedom and social responsibility in spiritual development of youth its influence on practical activities of the person.
Methods of research: methods of scientific knowledge as: the analysis and synthesis, the comparative analysis, generalization, dialectics, system set, also principles of objectivity and heredity.
The results achieved and their novelty: on the basis of the socially-philosophical and comparative analysis general essence, genesis of such concepts as «personal freedom», «social responsibility», «a spiritual debt and responsibility» its role in society prosperity the place and role of formation of feelings of freedom and responsibility in the conditions of globalization is shown.
Practical value: conclusions, practical offers and recommendations made in given dissertation can be used by working out of scientific courses and at teaching in average and higher educational institutions, also in holding of fundamental researches deal with questions of interrelation of the person freedom and social responsibility.
Degree of embed and economic effectively: results of research was used in carrying out of scientific-theoretical actions, and also at carrying out of a practical training among students of the Andizhan State University and stated in author’s articles published in republican and international conferences.
Field of application: results of disscrtational work can be used in scientific researches, in teaching activity, in system of increasing of qualification of young shots, at carrying out of cultural-enlightenment and educational actions of social youth movement «Kamolot» and in its units, in areas and regions, in work with youth of political parties.

Subjects of research: integration of the Republic of Uzbekistan into the World Association through various aspects of culture-humanitarian activity.
Purpose of work: to make complex analyses of the key tendencies of development of international culture-humanitarian cooperation, reveal factors exerting influence on dynamical development on the important historical stage of the country.
Methods of research: comparative, historical system analyses and estimation.
The result obtained and their novelty: the present thesis is the first attempt to approach submission for consideration of problems of international culturehumanitarian cooperation incomplex, new sources and archives data have been introduced in scientific terminology.
Practical value: the data systemized in the thesis may be useful for further research of international and cultural relations.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the author in frame of research has 33 publications: 2 monographs, 16 articles in the scientific journals (including 3 - in foreign journals), 13 articles in the collections of scientific conferences (including 2 - in foreign collections), 2 articles in internet-portal «ZiyoNET»
Field of application: the files of the thesis may be useful for historians, politicians, culture workers to write scientific works in history of Uzbekistan, international cooperation, at drawing up scientific-methodical works for students of institutions and special educational establishments as well as for institutions carrying out cultural relations with foreign countries.

Subject of the research: this research’s object is government’s politics on social development in the villages of Uzbekistan’s southern regions during Uzbekistan’s Independence.
Purpose of work: Uzbekistan’s social politics in the villages of southern regions during Inderendence and accomplished practical works on cultural spheres. Analyzing their results and making conclusions.
Methods of research: while carrying out this research following characters were in use: historicalness, scientific impartiality, running collected materials, historical-comparative analyses.
The results achieved and their novelty: in the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya (1991-2008) regions’ social and cultural state, appeared complications in this field, oppositions, and social living conditions learned, analyzed and sufficient conclusions implemented.
Practical value: dissertation information and conclusions could be applicable to do research on Uzbekistan’s history science problems, upbringing generation in a patriotic manner, epistle, and monograph in Uzbekistan’s history science and to write textbooks and learning method manuals.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the dissertation’s main content emphasized and reflected bu the author the dissertation, they are: 4 printed scientific articles, 1 methodical handbook, and 7 attended conferences.
Field of application: the research attainments give the opportunity to use the research achievements to establish information about studying Uzbekistan’s Inderendence period, printing, and providing.

Subject of research: To open specifity of unity and fight opposites of social knowledge levels in study piocess to reveal demarction criteria in level of social perception; To defermine plase and volue of coceptual devise in empirical study;
Purpose of work: To reveal pecularities of modem empirical study in perception of essence radical changes in our social life.
Methods of research: The author relies on materials in history philosophy; sociology and history logic; on the richest experience of study theoretical cognitive problems in levels of scientific perseption, being accumulated in modern home and foreign philosophy; on large-scale perseption in area. Making up empirical basis; the concepts, being carried out them.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the fiorst time in home social philosophy literature the complete analysis of dialectics and perularities of empirical level in social perreption are given; the main accent is made on analysis of philosophical, sociological and historical knowledge; It is proved on identity of methology social perseption and natural sciences, and, also on illegitimacy of absollutization of their specificity.
Practical value: The carried ont resrarches give passibility to reveal more deeply nature and specificity content of modern empirical study in social perception of its pecularities. Positions and conclusions of dissertation are of dissertation are of great importanse for opening methological and world view levels role of social perception and practice.
Degree of embed and effictivity: Dissetation materials and conclusions can be in volved in process of training social humanitarian courses.
Field of application: in practice of teaching work and propaganda scientific perception as material for phylosophy course special courses, seminars for students, past graduales.

The subject of the research: peculiarities, the tendency of the development of national self-awareness of Uzbek nation and the problems existing in this process in the conditions of independence.
The aim of the research analysis of peculiarities, tendencies of development of national self-awareness in the conditions of independence, the defining of the factors influencing on it and working out scientific substantiated conclusions, proposals for the development of the national self-awareness of the youth.
Methods of the research: social-philosophical analysis, historicity, comparative analysis, consistency, analysis and synthesis, conclusion.
The results achieved and their novelty: the term “national self-awareness” developed theoretically with consideration of peculiarities of appearing national development in the period of independence; made up analysis of the meaning “nations” as the real subject in the system of social mutual relations; given the definition of the concept national spiritual legacy; compared position of national self-awareness in the conditions of independence; revealed its place of the national spiritual legacy as one of the important basis of national development; revealed the meanings of historical personalities in the development of national self-awareness, defined factors, influencing of the development of national self-awareness, on decreasing degree of optimism in the development of national self-awareness, arc shown and substantiated factors scientifically, influencing on his overcoming positively.
The practical value: the research worked out conclusions and proposals promote further analysis of the dinamics of the development of the national self-awareness and the creation of the theoretical basis in overcoming problems in this direction.
The degree of embed: materials of the research can be used in teaching social-humanities in the system of education and in upbringing activities competent state and social organizations.
Sphere of usage: the scientific and theoretical conclusions of the research can be used in the system of education, in the activity of state and humanitarian organizations in perfecting educational work and international relations.

Subjects of research: adolescent students
Purpose of work: explore specific features of reflection as a factor in successful socialisation in adolescence
Methods of research: K.R. Rogers’s and R. Diamond’s (SPA) technique for socio-psychological adaptation diagnosing; C. Rosenzweig’s technique for frustration reactions diagnosing; M. Zuckerman’s technique of diagnosing the need for new sensations; T. Elers’s technique of diagnosing a personality for motivation in avoiding failures; Raven’s matrices; A.V. Karpov’s and V.V. Ponomareva’s techniques of measuring the reflexivity levels; mathematic statistics methods.
The results obtained and their novelty: a significant factor in socialisation has been revealed and association between reflection and socialization has been identified. Novelty of findings: existence of significant association between a level of reflection and successful socialisation in adolescence has been proven; psychological components of reflection arc represented by non-verbal intelligence, motivation to avoid failures, need for sensation seeking and a type of response in a frustration situation.
Practical value: the research findings and the developed model of psychocorrective program may be incorporated into the overall package of measures for socialisation of tertiary students and their implementation may improve the level of successful socialisation in adolescence.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the research has been performed through implementation of the psycho-corrective program in the Nizami Tashkent State Pedagogic University. The study findings were presented at various national and international scientific conferences.
Fields of application: social psychology, educational and developmental psychology.

Subjects of research: brides from Kazakh and Uzbek families (bridegrooms, mothers-in-law, sisters and brothers of spouses: altogether 400 subjects).
Purpose of work: studying of cthnopsychological features of adaptation of brides to family on an example of Kazakh families.
Methods of research: conversation-interview, socio-psychological questionnaire, H.J.Eyscnck’s personality questionnaire, “Moral readiness for marriage” test; E.G.Gazicv’s “Matrimonial relations estimation scale”, K.Thomas’s technique “Description of behavioral strategies in conflict situations”, K.Rogers’s and R.Diamond’s technique “Definition of socio-psychological adaptation”, D.H.Olson, J.Portner, I.Lavi’s “Scale of family adaptation and unity”, methods of mathematical statistics.
The results obtained and their novelty: for the first time the cthnopsychological features of adaptation of brides living in Kazakh families arc studied. The role of preparation level for family life and abilities to co-operate and to accept new social roles in adaptation of brides to family is proved. The corclation between the socio-psychological and cthnopsychological features influencing adaptation to family is defined.
Practical value: the results of this research can be used in improvement of the activity of specialists engaged in the problems of young family and matrimonial mutual relations at optimization of adaptation of brides to the new family, in prevention and solving the family conflicts.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the dissertation materials arc used in activity of “Makhalla” committees of Navbakhor and Konimckh districts of Navai region, in carrying out lectures, seminars and practical training on the courses “Ethnopsychology”, “Psychology of interpersonal relations”, “Social psychology” for students of National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: ethnopsychology, family psychology, psychology of interpersonal relations, family counseling.

Subjects of research: Social philosophical, scientific- theoretical analysis of activities, social religions organization and sect. Watch dialed with missioner, identify objective and subjective factors.
Purpose of work: Social philosophical analysis of origin and forming of missioners. Spread bay uses spades scientific recurs of objective and subjective factors, positive and negative influents of missioner and development society introduced Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: objectivity, analysis and synthesis, structural functional approach, logical, scientific cognition, social inquiry, historical genesis, studying of statistical source.
The results obtained and their novelty: investigated saluki point known missionaries and giving problem identification scientific, proved, that origin of the history of missionary. From there beginning of the past, is not agitation of religions bat, to great political turn. It the these team to destroy international, diplomatically, relines shin in to bring to serious political, national problem. For sieving joist from dangerous inclines, of missioners and uses ideology were divalent nicest.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in structure education, by political parties, guidance and organizations of non state organizations, socio-philosophical and spiritual educational institutions.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the research is tested at scientific conferences, in revealing the theme Identity and Society in undergraduate philosophy department of historical and philosophical faculty of the Samarqand State Universities named after A. Navoi, and also in the progress of teaching philosophy undergraduate students at lectures and seminars devoted to considering the categories of spirituality and culture.
Field of application: the results of investigation can be used by the teachers of colleges, lyceums and at higher educational institutions, on cultural subject as educational methodical handbook.

Subjects of the inquire: types of appearance and the meaning of social partnership, historical bases and development levels of process of partnership, the role of principles of social partnership in providing tolerant development.
Aim of the inquire: to approach the meaning of social-philosophical analysis about the social partnership on modern approach of the social partnership in consolidating of peace and tolerance.
Methods of inquire: objectivity, succession, comparative and systematic analysis, analysis and synthesis, historicity and logic, summarization.
The results achieved and their novelty: the dialectical views of historicity and modern cooperation of the eastern people has been disclosed, the order and condition of social partnership in the problem of labor relation in the eastern countries have been systematically studied: the essence trends of social partnership in the questions of formulation of democratic society in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Practical value: theoretical conclusions and generalisations, concrete practical offers - recommendations can be used in the work on places of social movements, structures of a civil society, and also might be used in teaching of political sciences in high and secondary educational institutions, in the course of carrying out action during discussion and consideration of various questions spiritual-educating character.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the research are described in the reports used in scientific and theoretical events, and also in the reports, practical trainings were presided over listeners of Bukhara State University and Bukhara light industry and high technology Institute.
Sphere of usage: the results of the research can be used on the scientific research, pedagogical activities, in the events to study principles of social partnership and providing it with significance.

Subject of the inquiry: the policy pursued by the government of our country to provide intense social protection of the population.
Aim of the inquiry: scientific investigation and analysis of forming the social safety net for the population in Uzbekistan within the years of independence, the work accomplished by the state and sponsor organizations in rendering material support for the low-income and impecunious people (by the example of southern regions).
Methods of the inquiry: the methods of historicism, scientific approach, systematization of collected materials, complex generalization, comparative-historical approach, periodicity, and objectivism have been used in carrying out the investigation.
The results achieved and their novelty: on the bases of various archive materials, current and statistical data, the social safety net for the population in Uzbekistan has been fully explored by the example of the Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya oblasts. The large scope of collected material has been generalized and systematized with analyzing the distinctive features of social protection of the population in oases are.
Practical value: the research results and generalized materials of the dissertation can be used in the system of education, in lecturing and preparation of special lecture-courses, besides, the dissertational material can be used in writing the respective chapters of the history of Uzbekistan.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the research results found their reflection in author’s presentations at 19 scientific conferences and 5 scientific articles published.
Sphere of usage: the results of the dissertational work can be used in preparing and writing scientific works, textbooks, and educational books revealing the essence of the period of independence in the history of Uzbekistan, as well as in rendering special lecture-courses at the higher educational establishments and universities on the independence periods.

Object of the inquiry: The activity of military woman serving in the military forces of the republic of Uzbekistan.
Aim of the inquiry: Observing social philosophical features of military forces feminization and using a new approach forming military-professional qualities of military woman during their military trainings, creating a methodology of military-professional choice and creating conception of efficiency of military woman activity, researching the conditions and problems of military woman and investigating ways of solving them from social philosophical point of view.
Methods of the inquiry: objectiveness, analysis and synthesis, system approach, deduction, learning the events in their historical development, content analysis, conversation, observation, learning the results of activity.
The results achieved and their novelty: philosophical approach has been made to the process of feminization of military forces; ethno genesis of woman participation in their military activity has been researched; the social mechanism of the military feminization has been created; the values of military woman have been determined; the methods of achieving the efficiency of military woman have been learned; the ways of solving the problems of military woman have been showed; a military professional conceptions for military forces has been created; advices on forming the gender culture of military forces have been given; important professional qualities of the military have been determined; a military professional choice methodology has been suggested; special recommendation on solving the problems of military woman in their work have been worked out; a new approach has been made to the management of military collectives.
Practical values: results of the work and the scientific methodical recommendations can be realized in all the spheres linked to the activity of woman (woman committees, funds, education agitation centers), in enterprises related to military education like “falsafa”, “methods of upbringing”, “manaviat asoslari”; besides they can be realized in the courses of “Social psychology” in learning the problems of society and a person and collective. The results of the dissertation can be used in working with military people and their families. The materials of the dissertation can be useful in creating workbooks and guides for military school, methodical recommendations and various documents. The results of the work have been used in the professional psychological choosing centers of the staff, main office of the Minister of defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan. And the materials were realized in the chair of social sciences of Samarqand military automobile engineering high school in 2000-2002 (in teaching courses of philosophy and social psychology); besides the results were used in seminar training of officers in the Minister of Defense in Tashkent in 2003.
Degree of introduction and economic affectivity. Sphere of usage: educational work in the system of military forces, the courses of military behavior and military vocational training, prequalification courses, working with military people and with their family in holding different ceremonies; the activity of officers’ houses.

Тадқиқот объекти: Узбекистан Республикаси Мудофаа вазирлиги харбий бўлинмалари оддий аскар ва сержантлар лавозимларидаги шартнома асосидаги харбий хизматчилар.
Ишнинг максади. шартнома асосидаги харбий хизматчилар шахсида девиант хулк намоён бўлиши ижтимоий-ҳарбий омиллари, мотиви ва кечиш жараёни, харбий жамоаларда девиант хулқ намоён бўлиши муаммолар ва уларни ечиш йўлларини илмий ўрганиш ҳамда унинг диагностикаси, прогнози ва профилактикасини амалга ошириш механизмини ишлаб чикиш.
Тадқиқот усули илмий далилларни умумлаштириш, алохида хо дисал арни ўрганиш, конкрет тадқиқот услубларидан: хужжатларни ўрганиш, экспертли бахолаш, социометрия методи, психологик тест-сўровномалар, харбий фаолиятни маданий, ретроспектив ва қиёсий тахлил этиш.
Олинган натижалар ва уларнинг янгилиги. Ҳарбий хизматчилар шахсида девиант хулк намоён бўлишига ижтимоий-ҳарбий омилларнинг таъсири характери турли вазиятларда ўрганилиб, унинг диагностикаси ва прогнози назарий-амалий жихатдан тизимлаштирилди, девиант хулк субъектининг назарий-социологик модели яратилиб, профилактикасига дойр амалий таклиф ва тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилди.
Амалий ахамияти. Тадкиқотнинг асосий натижалари ва ҳолатлари харбий бўлинмалар кундалик фаолиятига тадбик этилиши улар жанговар қобилияти даражасини оширишга аҳамиятли тарзда кўмак берувчи хулоса ва тавсияларда акс этган. Натижалар турли тоифадаги командирлар томонидан харбий жамоаларда низомга мос тартиб интизом, соғлом ахлоқий-руҳий муҳитни, жанговар шайликни таъминлаш максадида қўлланилиб, бўйсинувчилар билан ўзаро алоқадорликни такомиллаштиришда инобатга олиниши мумкин.
Тадбиқ этиш даражаси ва иқтисодий самарадорлиги. Тадқиқот натижалари илмий-ҳарбий йиғинларда турли тоифа офицерлари эътиборига ҳавола этилиб, ҳозирда олий ҳарбий билим юртларда ҳарбий мутахасисларни тайёрлаш ва қайта тайёрлаш предметли курсига киритилган, шунингдек тадқикот натижалари ҳарбий бошқарув органлари учун услубий тавсияларни тайёрлашда қўлланилиши мумкин.
Қўлланиш сохаси. Ҳарбий бўлинмаларда тарбиявий ишларни ташкил этиш, ҳарбий кадрларни тайёрлаш ва қайта тайёрлаш, ҳарбий касбга танлаш, ҳарбий жамоаларни ўрганиш жараёнида фойдаланилиши мумкин.

Subjects of research: set of the interconnected factors legal, social and economic and sociocultural character of organizational culture in corporation’s of Uzbekistan; the personnel of leading corporations of Uzbekistan.
Purpose of work: analyze of interactive info communication and influence on develop corporate culture for organizing effective strategies of corporative management.
Methods of research: historical-chronological analyses, comparative methods, sociological interrogation, inclusion observe method, theoretical-logical interpretation and generalization.
The results obtained and their novelty: the analysis has allowed revealing a real situation in an investigated area, to define level of an orientation of development of corporate culture in connection with the modem info communicative technologies, adequate to their prevalence and implementation in sphere of a national economy.
Practical value: results of research can be used in teaching of socially-humanitarian disciplines in national education system, and also in production area - in particular, sector info communicative technology and practice of corporate management.
Degree of embed and economic affectivity: results of research arc implemented into scientifically, methodical and practical work of the National university of Uzbekistan, public governmental Academy of President of Republic of Uzbekistan, empiric base and practical recommendation implemented in research-and-production centre: “Geology noble and nonferrous metals”, branch of the “Tashkent telephone exchange” joint-stock company “Uzbektelecom”, closed joint-stock community “Apartak”.
Field of application: sociological, statistical and theoretical-methodological base of the dissertation can be used in the further researches of scientists and workers of corresponding branches and the corporate organizations.

Актуальность темы исследования определяется, в первую очередь, спецификой переживаемого нашим обществом периода, заключающейся в беспрецедентное и масштабности трансформационных процессов, охвативших все республики бывшего СССР. Эти процессы, начавшись как перестройка командно-административной модели социализма, постепенно приобрели характер продвижения к рыночной экономике, в политическом плане вылились через демократизацию в движение к суверенизации и гражданскому обществу, в сфере идеологий привели к плюрализму, возрождений национального самосознания. Характерной особенностью этих процессов выступает нарастание темпов преобразований, быстрые сдвиги во всех сферах социальной реальности, в сжатые исторические сроки происходящее качественное изменение общества.
Изменения, происходящие в обществе, вызывают потребность выработки «механизма» реагирования, позволяющего учитывать основные этапы, периоды и фазы предстоящих перемен, улавливать ведущие тенденции, ведет перспективы и предугадывать возможные результаты.
Такой «механизм» может быть создан только на прочной методологической базе, позволяющей разрабатывать прогнозы предстоящих изменений основных компонентов и структур обновляющегося общества.
Социальное познание нуждается в преодолении допущенного в силу известных условий отрыва от практики, для чего необходимо усиление его прогностической, ориентирующей функции, что невозможно без развития логики и методологии познания на собственно социальном материале -экономическом, правовом, политической, культурологическом, этнографическом и т.д.
Совершенствование методологии социального познания, которое предполагает развитие гипотетко-дедуктивных и прогностических методик исследования, есть обязательное условие развития всего комплекса гуманитарного знания, их оптимального использования в практике социальных преобразований.
Разработка гипотез и научно обоснованных прогнозов - надежные методологические средства познания как общества в целом, так и его отдельных сфер - экономики, политики, культуры, быта. С другой стороны, обобщение новейших достижений обществоведения является фактором совершенствования методологии социального познания, основывающейся на законах прогностики.
Явно заметен интерес к теоретико-методологическим проблемам прогностических исследований, от решения которых вдут повышения точности, дальности и надежности прогнозов, для обеспечения чего теперь можно обратиться к использования прежде нигилистически отрицавшихся достижений западных специалистов-футурологов.
Стоит самокритично признать, что футурологические западные концепции выполняли не только пропагандистки - апологетическую роль, но и теоретическо-познавательную функцию, обладали эвристическим потенциалом. И этот потенциал может быть использован, если в нем суметь вычленить позитивные элементы, которые способны дать адекватное отражение (а они и создавались для этого) происходящих общественных перемен в их общеметодологической и социально-философской интерпретации.
Сравнение различных методик и моделей прогнозирования помажет выявлению оптимальных методов построения социальных гипотез, опирающихся не на догматизированный марксизм, а на прочный фундамент реальных фактов, на результаты логико-методологического и гносеологического анализа социальных процессов.
Изучение проблемы гипотетико-дедуктивного построения социальной теории и основывающейся на ней прогнозирования актуализируется тем обстоятельством, что суверенитет и независимость Республики Узбекистан требуют обоснования в выборе альтернатив самостоятельного развития, в определении конкретных путей вступления в мировой цивилизационный процесс, что невозможно без использования общих принципов научного предвидения, объективно обоснованных прогнозов.
Между тем, невзирая на увеличение числа работ, посвященных методологическим вопросам социального познания, специальной литературы по особенностям прогнозирования социальных процессов, общепринятой концепции социального прогнозирования пока не создано. Главной причиной этого можно считать догматизацию обществознания; считалось, что принципиальный социальный прогноз будущего выработан классиками марксизма. 
Необходимость преодоления догматизма еще более актуализирует проблемы повышения эффективности социального познания, выявления эвристических возможностей прогнозирования, отработки обоснованных принципов социальной прогностики. Они приобретают столь актуальное значение в силу того, что теперь значительно возрастает роль теоретической обоснованности решения практических социальных задач.
Содержательная связь, прослеживаемая между социальным прогнозированием и формулированием гипотез, опирающихся на объективные законы развития социума, имеет актуальное значение для раскрытия внутреннего богатства социальной диалектики, система категорий, принципов и законов которой образует как логическую структуру философского знания, так и методологический инструментарий, позволяющий адекватно отражать не только природу, но и жизнь общества во всей ее динамичности, противоречивости, многообразия.
Цель исследования заключается в выяснении роли гипотезы и прогнозирования в развитии социального знания.
Научная новизна диссертации. Результатами исследования, обладающими элементами новизны, являются:
- раскрыт эвристический потенциал гипотезы в изучении социальной действительности. Делается вывод, что в философско-социальном анализе гипотезы выделяются четыре основных подхода: формально-логический, психологический, методологический и гносеологический. Обосновывается, что гипотеза является не только формой получения нового знания, но и способом построения самой социальной теории;
- выявлена определяющая роль социальных законов, которым дана логическая характеристика, в формулировке альтернативных прогнозов исторических изменений. Выдвигается, и обосновывается утверждение, что прогностическая возможность социального закона тем выше, чем полнее учтены исходные условия его функционирования;
- доказано, что любая теория, в том числе и социальная, стремится не только логически объяснить объект своего исследования, но и предсказать его возможные состояния. Путь к практике через предсказательную функцию у социальной теории существенно отличается от аналогичного в естествознании. Само предсказание в общественной теории приобретает регулятивный или прогностический смысл, чаще всего оформляясь в виде конкретных программ переустройства социальных отношений;
- вскрыты сущность и механизм социального прогноза, под которым понимается рациональное, выполненное в соответствии с определенными нормативами предсказание того, существование чего целиком относится к будущему. Поскольку наступающее будущее корректируется привходящими обстоятельствами, случайными факторами, знание о нем всегда будет гипотетичным, требующим уточнения, конкретизации;
- выявлено и проанализировано различие между социальным прогнозом и утопией. Оно заключается в их целевой ориентации. Прогноз ставит своей непосредственной целью определить круг реальных возможностей развития общества (или какой-то его системы) на той или иной стадии прогресса, и обосновать вероятность каждой из данных возможностей. При этом считается, что прогноз оказывается тем более достоверным и эффективным, чем большей мере он опирается на объективные законы. Утопия, напротив, рисует образ не возможного и вероятного, а желаемого будущего, т.е. реализует не научную, а ценностно-ориентированную форму предвидения;
-обосновано положение о том, что при определении истинности прогностического знания необходим учет двух обстоятельств. Это знание может претендовать на истинное, если оно, во-первых, правильно отражает текущие тенденции, условия их возможного закономерного изменения и сохранения. Но этого соответствия может показаться недостаточно, если не будет произведен учет позиций конкретных социальных сил. Поэтому, во-вторых, истинность прогностического знания определяется и соответствием делаемых на основе него конкретных практических рекомендаций общечеловеческим моральным ценностям;
- доказана необходимость перехода от традиционной прогностики к новой стратегии социального прогнозирования, важными моментами которой являются: а) теоретическая ориентация на назревающие в процессах обновления социальные силы, на групповых и индивидуальных субъектов, формирующихся в кризисных ситуациях и жизненно заинтересованных в цивилизационном изменении общественного бытия; б) выход на уровень глобального прогнозирования - определение мегатенденций и их действия в наших условиях; в) изучение тенденций и построение трендов. При этом местные и региональные тенденции обязательно надо анализировать с учетом глобальных тенденций, оказывающих на них мощное влияние;
- на основе анализа конкретных социальных прогнозов, авторами которых были 36.Бжезинский, А.Зиновьев, А Янов, И.Клямкин и Г.Попов, разработана модель экспертной оценки социальных прогнозов и проектов. Ее существенной особенностью является акцент на способе, методологии построения прогноза, а не сам объект прогнозирования;
- обосновано положение о том, что обретение бывшими республиками СССР независимости и суверенитета резко обостряет интерес к выбору модели перспективного развития, построение которой делает необходимым разработку социальных проектов преобразования различных сфер общества. Конкретика подобных проектов может иметь в качестве методологической основы «технологическое» или долгосрочное прогнозирование, позволяющее активизировать социальное управление, без которого никакие социальные преобразования принципиально недостижимы.
В заключении содержатся теоретические обобщения и выводы, на основе которых сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию логикометодологических принципов социального прогнозирования

The object of the study: special scientific literature on the history of hungry steppe at the end of XIX - at the beginning of XX, archive documents, periodic seal.
The purpose of the study: revealing the origin of the new populated centers in the territory of Hungry steppe, economic life, rites, religious beliefs, demographic condition, analysis of the influence stranger populations on social-economic situation of the territory at the end of XIX - at the beginning of XX.
The methods of the study: the methods for historicism, objectivity, validity and comparison have been used in studying selected subject and writing thesis.
The achieved results and their novelty: in thesis appropriate archive documents and other materials have been inserted into scientific everyday-life for the first time, social-economic position of the first russian villages organized in the territory of Hungry steppe has been all-round explored.
Practical significance: materials, collected and studied in thesis, as well as conclusions made can be used in studying the social-economic and demographic spheres of Uzbekistan.
The Degree of the introduction and economical efficiency: 15 scientific articles and thesis reports were published on thesis, in which main points of thesis arc elucidated.
The sphere of application: Materials of thesis can be used in writing the fundamental studies on history of Uzbekistan, scholastic allowance, as well as the introduction to special course on the study of a particular region and demography.

Subject of the research: urban settlements and their location in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Aim of the research: to investigate peculiarities of the formation and development of urban agglomerations in Uzbekistan on the example of the Tashkent agglomeration and to elaborate scientific- practical recommendations on its improvement.
Methods of research: economic- geographical and demographical analysis, comparative- geographical statistical, system- structural, cartographic, social interrogatory, typological and others.
The results achieved and their novelty: In the thesis the main stages of urban agglomerations formation have been investigated and the evolutional scheme of their development has been elaborated; the typology of agglomerated forms of settlement on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been worked out; different aspects of agglomerations as specific environment of social life population and the highest form of the concentration of manufacturing, infrastructure and innovation potential have been considered; on the example of the formation and development of the metropolitan system of settlement has been investigated and the territorial- structural problems has been recommendations on the Tashkent agglomeration improvement have been given.
Practical value: the scientific recommendations and suggestions elaborated can be applied during the elaboration of the General Schemes of the development of cities and agglomerations, the programs of social- economic development of the republican regions for special purposes, as well as in the theory and practice of town- building,
Degree of imbed and economic effectiveness: the main recommendations and suggestions, resulting from the research, have been used at the scientific research institution “ Uzshaharsozlik LITI” during the working out of the “General Scheme of the settlement on the territory of Uzbekistan”, in scientific research and project works at the “Tashgenplan” institution and in the teaching of the course “Geography of cities” at the geographical faculty of the Uzbekistan National University.
Field of application: hokimiyats of the Tashkent and the Tashkent district, research and designing institutes of town-building, higher educational institutions.

Subjects of research: the Uzbek mentality and democratic consciousness, laws of menial changes and political-ideological processes, dialectics of their interrelation.
Purpose of work: the social * philosophical analysis of dynamics of historical formation, potential opportunities and original features of the Uzbek mentality with the purpose of optimization of ideological strategy of democratic development and an intensification of processes of reforms in modern Uzbekistan.
Methods of research: a principle of objectivity, complex and system approaches, the comparative and historical analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: the analysis of the Uzbek mentality and specific features of democratic consciousness inherent in it lead; positive and negative consequences of influence of sociopolitical processes on national mentality arc analysed; the role and a place of historical memory, religion, culture, education, political trends and movements in transformation of mentality are opened; are investigated interdependence between ideology of national development and mentality, laws and dialectics of changes of national mentality and democratic transformations arc investigated.
Practical value: conclusions and the practical recommendations staled in the dissertation, can be used in system of the higher and secondary education, ideological and scientific work, activity committees of mahalla and the youth organizations, and also by optimization of processes of democratization in a political life of republic.
Degree of embed and economic effictivity: the basic ideas of the dissertation have found the reflection in publications, performances at scientific-theoretical and scientific - practical conferences, have been used at carrying out of lecture and practical employment with students of the National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: results of the dissertation can be used in scientific researches in system of the humanities, in pedagogical activity, al development of politics of formation of national spirituality and education of youth.