“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
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518
SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING AS AN EXTREME TYPE OF
COGNITIVE PROCESS
Allabergenova Albina Gafurovna
O‘
zDJTU 1-bosqich magistranti
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu ilmiy maqola sinxron tarjimani kognitiv jarayonning
ekstremal turi sifatida
o‘
rganishga ba
g‘
ishlangan. Sinxron tarjima
–
bu diqqat,
xotira, konsentratsiya, mantiqiy fikrlash va til k
o‘
nikmalarini
o‘
z ichiga olgan yuqori
darajadagi kognitiv qobiliyatlarni talab qiladigan kasbiy faoliyatning alohida turi.
Maqolada sinxron tarjimonda kognitiv yukning xususiyatlari, axborotni qayta
ishlashning turli strategiyalaridan foydalanish, shuningdek, tarjimonning kognitiv
ishi sifatiga stress omillarining ta
’
siri k
o‘
rib chiqiladi.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
sinxron tarjima, kognitiv jarayonlar, diqqat, xotira, tarjima
strategiyalari, stress.
Аннотация.
Данная научная статья посвящена изучению синхронного
перевода как экстремального вида когнитивного процесса. Синхронный
перевод представляет собой особый вид профессиональной деятельности,
требующий высокого уровня когнитивных способностей, включая внимание,
память, концентрацию, логическое мышление и языковые навыки. В работе
рассматриваются особенности когнитивной нагрузки при синхронном
переводе, применение различных стратегий обработки информации, а
также влияние стрессовых факторов на качество когнитивной работы
переводчика.
Ключевые слова:
синхронный перевод, когнитивные процессы,
внимание, память, стратегии перевода, стресс.
Annotation.
This scientific article is devoted to the study of simultaneous
translation as an extreme type of cognitive process. Simultaneous interpreting is a
special type of professional activity that requires a high level of cognitive abilities,
including attention, memory, concentration, logical thinking and language skills.
The paper examines the characteristics of the cognitive load during simultaneous
interpreting, the use of various information processing strategies, as well as the
influence of stress factors on the quality of the interpreter
’
s cognitive work.
Keywords:
simultaneous translation, cognitive processes, attention, memory,
translation strategies, stress
Simultaneous interpreting, as a type of professional activity, is a complex
cognitive process that requires high concentration, working memory, logical
thinking and high language skills. In the process of simultaneous translation, the
translator must simultaneously perceive, analyze and transmit information in
another language, while maintaining semantic integrity and stylistic adequacy.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
519
According to researchers, the periods of simultaneous speaking between
the translator and the speaker coincide on average by 70%, i.e., most of the time
the translation is carried out in a synchronous mode. At the same time, the most
important factor in the complexity of the type of translation under consideration
is the synchronicity of cognitive processes occurring during the implementation
of this type of speech activity. The translator must simultaneously monitor the
original speech, analyze it and reproduce it in the target language, which creates
a significant load on the processes of attention and memory, as a result of which
the translator is in a state of stress, which can be expressed at the verbal and non-
verbal level in the process of simultaneous translation.
As the researchers point out, “each cognitive mechanism of simultaneous
translation is responsible for a certain segment of the simultaneous translation
process. Cognitive mechanisms of simultaneous translation function mainly
simultaneously with each other due to the peculiarities of this type of speech
activity, mutually complementing each other. The basis for a successful
translation act is laid by the mechanism of perception and understanding.
The cognitive load on the process of simultaneous translation requires the
simultaneous interpreter to have the ability to continue developing the speaker
’
s
thoughts in the target language, while creating a logical sequence of sentences,
preserving the correct content of the information coming from the speaker. Thus,
the process of simultaneous translation is characterized by an increased cognitive
load, since it involves “the simultaneous occurrence of several cognitive processes
(components of simultaneous translation), the key of which are perception and
understanding, memory, search (development) of translation solutions and
equivalents, speaking and self-control.
An experiment was conducted using EEG, the data obtained on brain
activity showed that simultaneous interpreters work in a mode of dynamic
redistribution of attention. In particular, as the lag behind the speaker increases,
the depth of information processing decreases, which the translator hears at the
moment. This is explained by the fact that the greater the time lag, the greater the
load on working memory; the more cognitive resources allocated to retaining
previous information, the fewer resources are available to process new
information.
When performing simultaneous interpreting, translators often use various
information processing strategies, such as understanding the context in advance,
using abbreviations or symbols to reduce translation time, maintaining logical
coherence in the translation when unexpected situations arise, and making
instant decisions about choosing the best translation option. This mechanism
allows the translator to “determine the specific meaning of a word in the flow of
information, understand the overall meaning of the statement, as well as the
speaker
’s intention”.
The trial and error strategy is one of the methods for achieving equivalence
and adequacy in joint ventures. Schweitzer defines it as a strategy of sequential
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
520
approach to optimal selection criteria. The probabilistic forecasting strategy
involves the translator
’
s early determination of the linguistic components of the
text that will appear as output in the foreign language.
In general, to overcome the negative consequences of stress, a simultaneous
interpreter needs the following: improve their own knowledge of language and
terminology; increase the amount of background knowledge; be able to apply a
variety of translation techniques and strategies; to navigate the pronunciation
features of those speakers who are to be translated; have the ability to self-
correct; increase your own psychological readiness for unforeseen changes in the
translation situation.
Simultaneous interpreting requires the translator to be able to cope with
stress, since working in real time, the pronunciation of the speaker, the
complexity of the material being translated and the unpredictability of situations
can create additional stress factors. The harmful effects of stress on a translator
’
s
cognitive abilities can lead to a decrease in the quality of translation and an
increase in the number of errors. Incorrect interpretation of a statement by a
translator may be associated with stress, such as 1) psychophysiological
discomfort caused by the need to listen and speak at the same time; 2) mental
stress associated with the “irreversibility” o
f what the speaker said into the
microphone; 3) mental stress associated with the “irreversibility” of translation
and a large audience of listeners; 4) psychophysiological stress caused by a fast
pace of speech; 5) the complex linguistic task of “linking”
during simultaneous
translation of statements in languages with different structures, with an
extremely limited context and an acute shortage of time for translation;
6) the complex linguistic task of “speech compression”, designed to compensate
for the lag in translation into a language with longer words and verbose rhetoric
In the work of R.K. Koshkin, an attempt was made to establish a quantitative
measure of the dependence between the following variables characterizing the
dynamics of simultaneous translation. Based on the results of the study,
R.K. Koshkin suggested that compression, generalization, implication and
omission of unimportant information are constant processes that do not depend
on the local load of working memory.
Conclusion
Simultaneous interpreting, as an extreme type of cognitive process, is a
complex and responsible professional activity that requires a high level of
cognitive abilities and the ability to cope with stress. To optimize a translator
’
s
cognitive performance, it is necessary to continuously develop skills in the areas
of attention, memory, logical thinking and language skills, as well as the use of
effective information processing strategies.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
521
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