“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
648
MANPULATIVE SPEECH DISCOURSE FEATURES
O‘g‘
iloy Usar qizi
Tarjimonlik fakulteti Ingliz tili tarjima nazariyasi kafedrasi
o‘
qituvchisi
Annotatsiya.
Manipulyatsiya yuqori ta
’
sir k
o‘
rsatadigan va ommaviy
axborot vositalari va siyosiy nutqlar bilan chambarchas bo
g‘
liq b
o‘
lgan
hodisalardan biridir. Ushbu maqolabunga yondashuv b
o‘
lib, uning maqsadi qiyosiy
kontrastiv va kuzatish usullari orqali manipulyatsiya tushunchasini va til hodisasi
sifatida
o‘
rganish, unda asosiy e
’
tibor turli sohalarda turli sabablarga k
o‘
ra
q
o‘
llaniladigan manipulyatsiya usullari va taktikasiga qaratilgan.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
manipulyatsiya, manipulyatsiya nutqi, siyosatdagi manipulyativ til,
tilshunoslikda manipulyativ nutq, marketingdagi manipulyativ nutq
Аннотация.
Манипуляция –
одно из явлений, на которое сильно
влияет пропаганда и которое тесно связано со средствами массовой
информации и политическими дискурсами. Данная статья представляет
собой подход, целью которого является изучение с помощью сравнительно
-
контрастных и методов наблюдения концепции манипуляции как языкового
феномена, где центральный акцент делается на манипулятивные приемы и
тактики, которые используются по разным причинам в различных
областях деятельности.
Ключевые
слова:
манипуляция,
манипулятивная
речь,
манипулятивный язык в политике, манипулятивный дискурс в лингвистике,
манипулятивный дискурс в маркетинге.
Annotation.
Manipulation is one of the phenomena that are highly affected
by propaganda and closely related to media and political discourses. This paper is
an approach, the purpose of which is to study through comparative contrastive, and
observation methods the concept of manipulation as a and linguistic phenomenon
where the central emphasis is on the manipulative techniques and tactics that are
utilized for various reasons in various fields of study.
Key words:
manipulation, manipulative speech, manipulative language in
politics, manipulative discourse in linguistics, manipulative discourse in marketing.
Manipulation is one of the concepts that needs a more in-depth theoretical
and practical examination. Many studies have been conducted on the
manipulation of discourse in the disciplines of linguistics and literature. It is
employed in many areas of life, including personal and social matters, intellectual
and professional pursuits, and politics. This paper is an attempt to investigate the
concept of manipulative speech across different domains.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
649
According to a dictionary, the word "manipulative" means: influencing or
forcing someone to do what you want, often unfairly. Various researchers have
discussed and approached the term manipulation in different way.
According to Bessenov B.N. "A form of spiritual influence of hidden
domination, carried out by force," Chartis-Black points out that manipulation
–
just like persuasion
–
"should be considered a speech act", since "it alters
cognition rather than simply depicts h
ow that change is achieved”. Volkogonov
D.A. "Control over the inner world
’
s changes and spiritual state dominance"
Manipulative speech in linguistics
In linguistic manipulation theory, manipulative speech is foremost
considered a topical term of great creative potential. When the listener cannot see
the speaker
’
s hidden intentions behind what is actually being said, manipulation
occurs. One of the key characteristics of manipulative utterances is their specific
intentionality. Consequently, to distinguish manipulation from other forms of
communication, one must take into account factors such as the goal, the intention,
and the reason behind the communication. When used broadly, manipulative
speech in linguistics can encompass any verbal interaction in which the speaker
and the listener realize motivation and meaning in their interaction.The purpose
of productive manipulation is to win a communicative partner
’
s trust and
manipulate his behavior by exploiting his weaknesses. As a result, the speaker
assumes the position of a volunteer who has the task of placing the interlocutor
in a position of social welfare, status, or superiority. The most effective way to
manipulate people is through compliments and flattery. Developing actualized
communication takes a lot of practice. As a result, manipulative speech forms are
predominant in everyday life.
How do we form manipulative speech? Words and phrases that carry
loaded meanings are common in convention statements. These are words that
carry a strong emotional connotation, often intended to evoke a specific response
from the audience. As an example, consider the statement, "We must protect our
land from dangerous strangers". If strangers are considered dangerous, fear will
be instilled, resulting in a biased view. The underlying intentions behind
convention statements can be better discerned by being aware of loaded
language.
The use of generalizations is another manipulative tactic. Individuals and
organizations can easily sway public opinion by making broad statements about
a particular group or situation. It paints an unfair picture of the political landscape
if one says, "Everyone is corrupt and untrustworthy." It is important to be
cautious of such broad generalizations and seek out specific case studies to
support claims.Critical thinking and careful analysis are required to identify
manipulative language in convention statements. In order to determine whether
the statement is biased, it is important to assess its tone, context, and overall
message. Furthermore, independent sources and diverse perspectives can help
counter potential manipulation.
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
650
Manipulative speech in politics
Modern linguistics pays much attention to political discourse. Globally,
political relationships are becoming increasingly important. Political speeches
can often determine the outcomes of elections, negotiations, and some conflicts
depending on the way they are organized. Political discourse is described as a
mixture of all speech actions employed in political contexts, speeches of
politicians, and political conversations (Baranov & Kazakevich, 1991). There are
certain speech tactics and techniques that are used in political speeches in order
to manipulate those who are listening to them. During every political speech,
manipulative techniques are extensively used by the politician who is delivering
the speech in order to achieve his goals: either win an election or persuade the
audience. The main objective of political communication is to gain influence.
Political discourse, in general, manipulates public awareness by persuading
individuals that politically
‘
proper
’
acts are required in a certain context
(Gimadeeva et al., 2019).
Manipulation has become an essential aspect of our lives, especially in
politics. Politicians establish and preserve the public
’s image of a “hero”, but in
truth, they typically lack an effective and feasible plan. They can only persuade,
control, and impress the audience with their rhetorical speech and powerful and
forceful phrases, all of which are empty. The majority of the audience is so
desperate that they do not question the politician
’
s ideas or plans; instead, they
go with the flow to see what occurs because they are so absorbed by the
politician
’
s speech (Handelman, 2009, p. 84). According to van Dijk (1997) and
Dunmire (2012, p. 736), political discourse analysis can either include the text
and speech of politicians in explicitly political contexts, or it can relate to an
ideological perspective of the discourse.Politicians utilize their positions to
appeal the people and earn their trust as leaders, depending on the situation and
environment.
Manipulative speech in marketing
Once manipulative speech mechanisms are activated in marketing, they
affect consumer perceptions and behaviors. For instance, in advertisement a
consumer hears the statement "Everyone buys" or "On sale, stock is limited" it
activates the mechanisms of social attachment and fear of missing out.
Manipulative speech techniques used in advertising can affect consumers
’
perceptions, emotions, and decisions. It is important for consumers to be aware
of these tactics, be able to critically listen to voice communications, and be able to
make informed choices based on their own preferences and
requirements.Manipulative speechis an important marketing tool for attracting
customers, arousing their emotions, and activating their psychological processes.
In conclusion, media, politics, and social relations can utilize manipulative
discourses in different registers. Different linguistic tools can be used to
implement manipulative speech strategies. Language strategies and tactics are
employed in political discourse to influence the thoughts and actions of the
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
651
recipient and to provoke a change in their consciousness. Manipulation covers the
cognitive, discursive, and social aspects of linguistic discourse.In order to
understand how speech manipulation works, it is essential to study different
manipulative practices.
References:
1.
Абдуганиева, Д. (2022). ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИКТ В ОБУЧЕНИИ
ПЕРЕВОДЧИКОВ.
in
Library,
21(2).
извлечено
от
https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/11697
2.
Barnhille, A. (2014). What is manipulation? In Chr.Coons, & M. Weber
(Eds.), Manipulation: Theory and practice. Oxford Scholarship Online.
3.
Dr. Akopova Asya. LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION: DEFINITION AND
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education Vol. 1, No.2, 2013.
4.
Marwa Adel AbuelwafLegitimation and Manipulation in Political
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5.
Maillat, Didier & Oswald, Steve. (2009). Defining Manipulative Discourse: The
Pragmatics of Cognitive Illusions. International Review of Pragmatics. 1. 348-370.
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MANIPULATIVE SPEECH: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW Seda Gasparyan
Rafayel Harutyunyan Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 17, Issue 2 (24), 2021
7.
The Oxford Advanced American Dictionary
8.
Van Dijk, T. (1997). What is political discourse analysis? Belgian Journal
of Linguistics, 11 (1), 11-52. https://doi.org/10.1075/ bjl.11.03dij
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