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ISSN: 2181-712X
UDC 615.322:542.943-92'78
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF A DECOCTION OF LIQUORICE ROOT AND INFUSIONS OF
HELICHRYSUM FLOWERS
Kaldibaeva A.O., Aminov S.D.
Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. Uzbekistan.
Resume
The effect of a decoction of liquorice root and an infusion of Helichrysum flowers on the processes of lipid peroxidation
in chronic toxic hepatitis was studied. It has been established that a decoction of liquorice root and an infusion of Sandy
immortelle flower in chronic poisoning with heliotrin has an antioxidant effect. In terms of hepatoprotective action, herbal
preparations are not inferior to the well-known hepatoprotector silibor.
Key words: decoction of liquorice root, infusion of Sandy immortelle flowers, chronic toxic hepatitis, conjugated dienes,
dienketones.
АНТИОКСИДАНТНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ ОТВАРА ИЗ КОРНЯ СОЛОДКИ И НАСТОИ ИЗ ЦВЕТКОВ
БЕССМЕРТНИКА ПЕСЧАНОГО
Калдибаева А.О., Аминов С.Д.
Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт. Узбекистан.
Резюме
Изучено влияние отвара из солодкового корня и настоя из цветков бессмертника песчаного на процессы
перекисного окисления липидов при хроническом токсическом гепатите. Установлено, что отвар из
солодкового корня и настой из цветков бессмертника песчаного при хроническом отравлении гелиотрином
оказывает антиоксидантное действие. По гепатозащитному действию растительные препараты не
уступают известному гепатопротектору силибору.
Ключевые слова: отвар из солодкового корня, настой из цветков бессмертника песчаного, хронический
токсический гепатит, конъюгированные диены, диенкетоны.
ЧУЧУКМИЯ ИЛДИЗИ ҚАЙНАТМАСИ ВАЎЛМАС ЎТ ГУЛЛАРИ ДАМЛАМАСИНИНГ
АНТИОКСИДАНТ ТАЪСИРИ
Калдибаева А.О., Аминов С.Д.
Тошкент педиатрия тиббиёт институти. Узбекистан.
Резюме
Чучукмия илдизи цайнатмаси ва ўлмас ўт гули дамламасининг сурункали токсик гепатитда ёглар
переоксидланиш жараёнига таъсири ўрганилган. Олинган тажрибаларга кура, чучукмия илдизи цайнатмаси ва
ўлмас ўт гули дамламаси гелиотрин билан чакирилган сурункали захарланишда оксидланишга карши таъсирга
эга эканлиги аницланди. Шифобахш ўсимликлардан тайёрланган цайнатма ва дамлама жигарни .ҳимоя килиш
таъсири бўйича, гепатопротектор силибор препаратидан крлиишаслиги келтирилган.
Калитли сўзлар: чучукмия илдизи кайнатмаси, ўлмасўт гули дамламаси, сурункали токсик гепатит,
конъюгирланган диенлар, диенкетонлар.
Introduction
It is known that herbal medicines have been used for the
treatment of chronic viral hepatitis and other liver diseases for
more than 30 years, and practical medicine has a fairly wide
arsenal of various antioxidant medicines. However, when using
synthetic drugs, various side effects and complications are often
observed, which largely limit their successful use in the clinic.
All this necessitates the search and study of new highly active
substances, especially on the basis of herbal remedies, which, in
comparison with synthetic ones, have low toxicity. In tills regard,
compounds isolated from the liquorice root are of great interest.
Interest in liquorice as an extraordinary and multifaceted plant
persists in our time, since liquorice root preparations are
successfully used for various diseases (7). The main medicinal
properties of liquorice root are mainly due to glycyrrhizic acid
acid and glyceretic acid aglycone. These
ЕВРАЗИЙСКИЙ ВЕСТНИК ПЕДИАТРИИ 3(6) 2020
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glycosides and their various derivatives have a wide spectrum of
biological activity. They possess estrogenic, anti
inflammatory (5), anti-ulcer (2), antiallergic (14), antitoxic
and hepatoprotective (8) effects and exhibit antiviral activity (6).
The introduction into practice of new drugs based on liquorice
root, is promising due to their low toxicity and the absence of
unwanted side effects. Sandy immortelle is a perennial herb 30-
40 cm high, belongs to the Asteraceae administered orally, silibor
at a dose of 100 mg / kg for one month (third group). The
parameters in rats with chronic toxic hepatitis served as a control.
hi the liver homogenate, the content of diene conjugates
(Shilina N.K. et al. 1978), malonic dialdehyde using
thiobarbituric acid (Krichevskaya A.A. et al. 1976), as well as the
activity of the main enzymes of the antioxidant system,
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were determined.
Flowers have choleretic properties. They are used for liver
diseases, cholecystitis, and hepatocholecystitis.
Several plant extracts used to treat gastrointestinal and biliary
disorders contain hepatotoxic alkaloids and are more
Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out
according to the method of Strelkov R.B. (1986).
Results and discussion
harmful than beneficial. However, a number of extracts contain
Experimental conditions Conjugated dienes,
D/1 mg lipid
Conjugated
dienketones, D/1 mg
MDA lipid, nmol /
1 g tissue
SOD, conventional
units / min mg
protein
Catalase, nmol /
min mg protein
hitac group
0,450±0,023
0,224±0,014
36,l±l,01
l,45±0,08
0,43±0,016
Control
group
(chr onic
hepatitis
caused by heliatrin)
0,736±0,0217
0,397±0,028
71,3±1,14
0,52±0,042
0,25±0,019
decoction
from
liquorice root
0,572±0,028
0,265±0,024
47,2± 1,03
0,87±0,037
0,34±0,019
Infusion of sandy
immortelle flowers
0,550±0,016
0,268±0,015
46,7±0,94
0,87±0,063
0,33±0,013
Silibor
0,560±0,024
0,254±0,021
46,8±1,74
0,89±0,07
0,34±0,02
family. Flavonoids and flavonoglycosides are found in flowers.
(CT) (Gurevich V.S. et al. 1990; KorolyukM.A. et al. 1988).
ЕВРОСИЁ ПЕДИАТРИЯ АХБОРОТНОМАСИ 3(6) 2020
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substances that have antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, antiviral and
anticarcinogenic properties. One of these herbal remedies is
glycyrrhizin, a triterpene saponin that is part of an aqueous extract
of liquorice root. Therefore, the available data demonstrate the
positive effect of glycyrrhizin in chronic viral liver diseases and
its hepatoprotective properties.
However, it is rather difficult to judge the effectiveness of
glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, given the
virtual absence of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Despite this, glycyrrhizin certainly deserves attention and
further research.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of a decoction of
liquorice root and an infusion of immortelle flowers on the
products of lipid peroxidation and the activity of enzymes of the
antioxidant system in chronic toxic hepatitis.
Materials and methods
The experiments were carried out on 30 male rats weighing
150-180 g. Saline was injected into intact groups of animals. In
the remaining groups of animals, chronic toxic hepatitis was
induced by subcutaneous administration of heliotrin at a dose of
10 mg / 100g during the first week (Abdullaev N.K. et al. 1989).
During the second week, his dose was reduced to 7.5 mg / 100g,
and in the subsequent third week, to 5 mg / 100g. For prophylactic
purposes, rats in the control and experimental groups for one
month orally through a probe in a volume of 1 ml / 100 g were
injected with a decoction of liquorice root (first group), an
infusion of immortelle flowers (second group) at a concentration
of 1:10, and hepatoprotector was also
hi animals with chronic toxic hepatitis, general weakness,
disheveledness and a decrease in coat gloss, abdominal
distension, and ascites were noted. Death occurs in 40% of cases.
Under the influence of hepatotoxin-hehotrin, along with the
disturbance of the general condition in rats, the content of diene
conjugates and malonic dialdehyde increases in the liver tissue.
Simultaneously with the accumulation of lipid peroxidation
products, the activity of SOD and CT decreases by 64% and 42%,
respectively, in comparison with similar parameters in intact
animals. A decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant
system leads to the formation of a superoxide anion. This radical,
reacting with hydrogen peroxide, increases the formation of
reactive oxygen and hydrophilic radicals, causing destruction of
hepatocyte biomembranes and the development of protein and
fatty degeneration of liver cells (3). These data indicate that
heliotrin, like other hepatotoxins, has a prooxidant effect, leading
to disruption of metabolic processes in the liver.
The simultaneous use of medicinal plants with heliotrin leads
to a decrease in the disorders of the antioxidant system and
inhibition of the enhancement of lipid peroxidation. As a result of
the introduction during the month of a decoction of liquorice root
and an infusion of sandy immortelle flowers, the content of
conjugated dienes decreases by 22% and 25%, respectively,
conjugated dienketones - by 32%, malonic dialdehyde by 34%
and 35%. Under the influence of silibor, the activity of these
enzymes is increased by 71 % and 36%.
If we take this effect into account, then liquorice root and
flowers of sandy immortelle, similarly to silibor, have an
antioxidant effect and prevent an increase in the intensity of lipid
peroxidation. (Table 1.)The antioxidant effect of drug plants is
apparently associated with an increase in the activity of enzymes
of the antioxidant system, since the composition of liquorice root
contains glycyrrhizic acid (8-24%), flavonoids (4.3%) and
organic acids (4.6%) (2). The medicinal properties of liquorice
root are mainly due to the content of glycyrrhizic and
aglyconglyceretic acid. These glycosides and their various
derivatives have a wide spectrum of biological activity.
Most of these substances have direct and indirect antioxidant
effects. Probably, these substances lead to an increase in the
activity of enzymes and an increase in the function of the
antioxidant system of the div. In addition, the studied medicinal
plants have anti-inflammatory, choleretic, immunomodulatory
properties and increase the regenerative potential of liver cells
(Saratikov A.S. et al. 1991).
The antioxidant activity of silibor is less expressed. The results
obtained indicate that these natural substances have a
unidirectional antioxidant effect.
Glycyrrhizin is a calcium and potassium salt of the three basic
glycyrrhizic acid, aglycone, which is glycyrrhizic (glycyretic)
acid. Glycyrrhizin has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiviral,
mineralocorticoid,
antiulcer,
hepatotropic
and
immunomodulatory effects. Of particular interest is its antiviral
and immune effects.
It is known that glycyrrhizin stimulates the formation of
interferon gamma, which in turn activates macrophages and В
cells, enhancing phagocytosis and antidiv production, and
activates NK cells. In a number of works, there are indications of
the inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizic acid directly on the DNA and
RNA of viruses, which causes the inactivation of viral particles,
their suppression, and their introduction through the membrane
into the cell, a violation of the synthesis of new structural
components of viruses.
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Azimov M.M., Radzhapova Sh.D., Dzhuraeva K.A. On the
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Ilyicheva T.N. et al. Antiviral activity of triterpenes of plant
origin, their derivatives and ribavirin phosphonates // Vestn.
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Karamatov I.D., Ruzieva I.G., Zhuraeva Z.Sh., Liquorice in
the treatment of metabolic disorders // Electronic scientific
journal "Biology and Integrative Medicine" 2018. No. 6, -
P.59-64.
An important property of glycyrrhizin, which partly explains
its positive effect on the course of chronic hepatitis, is the ability
to suppress the formation of free radicals and the production of
lipid peroxides.
It is known that in chronic liver diseases of various origins,
the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes decreases, which is
associated with the activation of lipid peroxidation processes. The
course and severity of damage to hepatocyte membranes depends
23
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on the enhancement of lipid peroxidation and is accompanied by
enzymatic deficiency, impaired cell division, leading to their
death. For the treatment of chronic hepatitis, various drugs that
have a hepatoprotective effect are used (11). For example, such
drugs as Essentiale, Essel Forte, Phosphagliv, Apcosul, Herbion,
Legalon, Liv-52, Holagol, Carsil, Hofitol, Silibor, etc. However,
the arsenal of these drugs is small and does not always satisfy the
needs of clinicians. Some hepatoprotective agents cause side
effects of varying degrees; in addition, they are all imported. In
this regard, the pharmacotherapy of chronic liver diseases should
be complex and help correct multifactorial changes in various
links of pathogenesis.
Conclusion
1.
In chronic toxic hepatitis caused by heliotrin, there is an
increase in the processes of lipid peroxidation and a decrease in
the activity of specific enzymes SOD and KT.
2.
Preventive administration of medicinal plants - liquorice
root, sandy immortelle leads to inhibition of lipid peroxidation
processes and activation of antioxidant enzymes of the div.
8.
Karimov M.M. et al. Hepatoprotective effect of glycyrrhizic
acid during its electrophoretic use in patients with chronic
hepatitis. // Bull. Association of doctors of Uzbekistan. T.
2004. No. 2. P.63-65.
9.
Krichevskaya A.A. change in peroxidation and the content of
phospholipids in the brain during hyperoxia and protective
action // Ukr. biochem. mag. -1976. -№2. -FROM. 190194.
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AM, Ivanova L.I., Mayorova LG. et al. // Lab. case. -1988. -
№1.-P.16-18.
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11.
Novikov VE, Klimkina El, Pharmacology of hepatoprotectors
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Shilina N.K, Chemavina G.V., Maslova L.A. // Lab. A
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Chebotarev V.V. The use of liquorice preparations in the
treatment of allergic dermatoses. // Bulletin of Dermatology
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P.9-11.
'
Entered 09.09.2020
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been conducted that could help develop enteral feeding
algorithms for deeply premature infants. A small amount
of physiological research has helped to guide better
nutritional strategies for premature infants, but do not
fully understand the problem of enteral feeding.
Often, meta-analyzes of researches that address this
problem do not give a definitive answer to many questions
due to the existence of differences in the conduct of studies,
which makes it difficult to compare their results. In a series
of systematic reviews from the Cochrane review database,
it was concluded that: (1) minimal enteral nutrition
shortens the time to complete enteral feeding and shortens
the length of hospital stay; (2) there is too little information
to recommend early rather than delayed minimal enteral
nutrition; (3) Rapid nutritional expansion leads to better
weight gain, but there is insufficient data to clarify the
effect of expansion rate on the incidence of ulcerative
necrotizing enterocolitis.
Purpose of the study
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the experience of
optimizing the feeding of premature infants according to
the modem concept of early minimal enteral nutrition.
Materials and research methods:
We examined 80 newborns bom in the Republican
Perinatal Center (RPC) of Tashkent in the period from 2008
to 2018 with a post-conceptual age of 26 - 32 weeks and a
div weight of 1000-1499 grams. All newborns included
in the retrospective study were divided into two groups.
The main group consisted of 42 premature newborns bom
after 2015, who received enteral nutrition during the first
hours after birth - the “early group”. Since 2015, RPC lias
introduced a "modem strategy for early feeding" of
premature babies - the beginning of enteral feeding in the
first 72 hours of life, the minimum trophic feeding of the
mother's colostrum began in the delivery room, in the
absence of contraindications.
The comparison group consisted of 38 preterm infants
up to 32 weeks of gestation, bom in the RPC for the period
2008-2012, when the “strategy of delayed enteral feeding”
was practiced, namely, trophic feeding began after 48-72
hours of life - the “late group”. The criteria for inclusion of
newborns in the main group and the comparison group
were gestational age less than 32 weeks and birth weight
less than 1500 grams. Exclusion criteria were congenital
malformations, including congenital heart defects;
hereditary, chromosomal diseases. NEC in newborns.
When examining newborns, the data of a retrospective
analysis of the somatic and obstetric-gynecological
anamnesis of mothers based on the study of the histories of
childbirth and child development, the results of a
comprehensive examination, including traditional clinical,
laboratory, biochemical, instrumental studies, were taken
into account.
Statistical processing of the study data was carried out
on a Pentium-IV personal computer using the Microsoft
Office Excel-2007 software package, using the StatSoft
statistical software "STATISTICA-6. The level of
reliability p <0.05 was taken as statistically significant
changes. The correlation analysis was performed on based
on the linear
Pearson correlation coefficient - r.
Discussion results
The average age of mothers in the 1st study group was
28.3 ± 0.78 years, in the 2nd group - 27.0 ± 0.75 years (p>
0.05). The analysis of the sex of newborns showed that in
the first group there were 31.2% of newborn boys and
68.8% of girls. The average gestational age in the first
group was 25.9 ± 0.4 weeks (22.4-28). The second group
consisted of 44.7% of boys and 55.3% of girls; the average
gestational age of children in this group was 29.9 ±0.1
weeks (28.2-32).
The birth weight in group 1 averaged 974 ± 60.3 g, and
in the second group 1452 ± 58.5 g. (P <0.05), mean div
length at birth in group 1 was significantly low in relation
to the data of group 2 (32.4 ± 0.8 versus 36.5 ± 0.3 cm; P
<0.05). Correlation was observed between gestational age
and weight indicators (r = 0.689; p <0.05) and child's div
length (r = 0.705; p <0.05), as well as with parity of
childbirth (r = 0.435; p <0, 02).
When assessing the condition of newborns at birth
according to the Apgar scale at the 1st and 5th minutes of
life, it was found that the Apgar scale was significantly
lower in newborns of the 1st group relative to the 2nd group
(p <0.001). (tab. 1) The analysis of the indicator of
physiological loss of div weight at birth on the 5th day in
the newborns of the first group was higher relative to the
second group (p> 0.05). The weight gain on the 7th and
14th days of life was significantly higher in the 2nd group
(P <0.05). Cases of sideropenia in terms of peripheral blood
hemoglobin at 1 and 2 weeks of life were not observed in
both groups. All newborns of the first group (n = 42) started
enteral feeding in the first 2 hours of life with a few drops
of expressed mother's colostrum in the delivery room and
followed by bolus feeding every 3 hours according to the
national protocol (2016). Feeding was carried out through
a tube, since in 88.8% (n = 37) of the examined premature
infants the sucking reflex was absent, and in three infants it
was weak.Conclusions
The use of standard therapy in combination with OMK
II in the treatment of IDOV lias a positive effect on the
course of the disease, thereby, increase of visual acuity, a
decrease in sectoral loss in vision fields, the positive
dynamics OCT parameters, improving hemodynamic
parameters at Doppler imaging in dynamics.
Application OMK II in patients with IDOV is safe
because, in patients of the main group were not recorded
statistically significant indicators of adverse events and
violations of the blood pressure and heart rate.
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Entered 09.09. 2020
