MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
ISSN 2694-9970
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Middle European Scientific Bulletin, Volume 34 | Mar-2023
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Prevalence of Ecto-and Endoparasites in Animals
Pulatov F. S, Ph.D
C.V.S, Senior Researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Rakhimov M. Yu, Ph.D
C.V.S, Junior Researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Ismoilov A. Sh
Junior Researcher, Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Boltayev D. M
Doctoral student, Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
Djalolov A. A
Doctoral student, Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine
ANNOTATION
The article presents information on the spreading of common pest ecto- and endoparasites among
farm and laboratory animals, as well as in the areas of livestock farms.
KEYWORDS:
Anthropogenic, nymph, ixod, imago, ectoparasite, endoparasite, zoophile, synbovil,
parasite, mite.
Introduction.
In recent years, as a result of the increasing pressure of anthropogenic factors and
anomalous and technogenic phenomena on nature, serious bioecological shifts and successions have
occurred, resulting in increased migration of harmful and beneficial species in biocenoses,
biodiversity destruction, the emergence of atypical, persistent, mutant, resistant biopathogens, new
parasitic systems, exogenous populations, and a new faunistic state. There have been cases of
particularly dangerous transmissible or natural foci of disease that have previously been reduced or
eliminated. Therefore, it is important to study the spread of harmful ecto- and endoparasites among
agricultural and laboratory animals, as well as the creation of new harmless methods and biochemical
means to combat them.
Purpose of the study.
It consists in studying the distribution of ecto- and endoparasites that live as
parasites in the organisms of agricultural and laboratory animals.
Material and research methodology.
These bioecological, phenological, entomological,
acarological, morphological, parasitological, migratory, sanitary, toxico-hygienic, therapeutic,
preventive, economic, and other studies are accepted in modern biomethodology and veterinary
medical science.
Research results.
A total of 3036 head of cattle, 32477 head of sheep, 2959 head of sheep belonging
to livestock farms in different regions, namely Toyloq, Payariq, Nurabad districts of Samarkand
region, Kitob district of Kashkadarya region, Nurota district of Navoi region, Altinkol district of
Andijan region, Nukus district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, head goat, 42 heads of white mice,
68 heads of rabbits, 2 heads of dogs, and other animals available in the laboratories of the Veterinary
Research Institute, were studied, their morphology, species, sex, and systematics were determined,
species,
MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
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Species of ecto- and endoparasites recorded among animals
Table 1
Types of animals
Types of ecto and endoparasites
found
Names of diagnosed parasitic
diseases
In cattle:
Hyalomma anatolicum
Hyalommosis
Acarozis
Hyalomma plumbeum
Hyalommosis
Acarozis
Hyalomma detritum
Hyalommosis
Acarozis
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Rhipicephalus bursa
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Rhipicephalus turanicus
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Alveonasus lahorensis
Alveonasosis
Acarozis
Dermacentor marginatus
Dermacentorosis
Acarozis
Dermacentor spp.
Dermacentorosis
Acarozis
Dermacentor dagestanicus
Dermacentorosis
Acarozis
Bophilus calcaratus
Boophilia
Acarozis
Haematopinus eurysternus
Hematopinosis
Entomosis
Linognathus vituli
Linognatosis
Entomosis
Psoroptes bovis
Psoroptosis
Entomosis
Bovicola bovis
Bovicolez
Entomosis
Hypoderma bovis
Hypodermatosis
Entomosis
In Sheep:
Bovicola ovis
Bovicolez
Entomosis
Psoroptes ovis
Psoroptosis
Acarozis
Sarcoptes ovis
Sarcoptosis
Acarozis
Rhipicephalus bursa
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Oestrus ovis
Estrosis
Entomosis
Ctenocephalides ovis
Ctenocephalidosis
Entomosis
In Goats:
Rhipicephalus bursa
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Bovicola caprae
Bovicolez
Entomosis
Ctenocephalides caprae
Ctenocephalidosis
Entomosis
Linognathidae caprae
Linognatosis
Entomosis
In Donkeys:
Bovicola eqvi
Bovicolez
Entomosis
In Poultry:
Menacanthus stramenius
Menacanthosis
Entomosis
Argas persicus
Argazidosis
Entomosis
Goniocotes hologaster
Goniocotosis
Entomosis
Dermanyssus gallinae
Dermanisosis
Acarozis
In Dogs:
Trichodectes canis
Trihodectosis
Entomosis
Rhipicephalus turanicus
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
Сtenocephalides canis
Ctenocephalidosis
Entomosis
In the case of the white
mouse:
Allodermanyssus sunguineus
Allodermanysosis
Acarozis
Laelaps echidninus
Laylapsosis
Acarozis
In the Guinea pig:
Gliricola porcelli
Clericolosis
Entomosis
In Rabbit:
Rhipicephalus bursa
Ripicephalosis
Acarozis
On livestock farms:
Musca domestica
Entomosis
Stomoxys calcitrans
Entomosis
Lyperosia titillans
Entomosis
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Among agricultural and laboratory animals, it was noticed that such parasitic diseases as bovicolosis,
linognathosis, ripicephalosis, and hyalommosis are very common.
It is noted that pathogens of entomotic diseases (bovicolas, trichodectes, and others) are present in
the bodies of animals throughout the year, mainly in November-May; pathogens of ixodidosis
(ixodid ticks) are more common in late spring and summer months; nymphal forms are also observed
in the winter months; and the alveonase mite mainly causes alveonase epizootics in winter (Table 2).
Infection of cattle with dominant ectoparasites by months
Table 2
S/n
The name of the found parasites
Extensive damage by month, %
I
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
1.
Bovicola bovis
65 74 87 98 91 22 18
15
21 25 28 45
2.
Rhipicephalus bursa
0
0 14 23 68 87 94
90
53 13
3
0
3.
Hyalomma anatolicum
0
0 12 20 65 80 90
80
51 10
0
0
The reasons for the spread of the dominant ectoparasite Bovicola bovis, the most common among
cattle, in these months are high air humidity, the dense keeping of animals in enclosed spaces, the
relatively low resistance of animals, and the inadequate zoohygienic requirements of premises in
which animals are kept. As observed, the food ration does not meet the regulatory requirements,
which, in our opinion, are associated with factors such as the level of provision.
It was revealed that the degree of extensive infection with these dominant ectoparasites, common
among cattle, is similar to that in sheep (Table 3).
Seasonal prevalence of dominant ectoparasites among cattle
Table 3
S/n
The name of the found parasites
Extensive damage by month, %
Winter Spring Summer Autumn
1.
Bovicola bovis
61,3
92.0
18.3
24.6
2.
Rhipicephalus bursa
0
35
90.3
22.7
3.
Hyalomma anatolicum
0
32.3
83.3
20.3
Thus, among large and small horned animals, the dominant species of ectoparasites belonging to the
genera Bovicola, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma, and Ctenocephalidae and the endoparasites belonging
to the genera Hypoderma, Psoroptes, and Oestrus were identified. It has been established that
representatives of the genus Bovicola are most common in winter and spring, while ticks of the
genera Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma are most common in summer.
CONCLUSIONS
1.
In the conditions of livestock farms in Samarkand, Kashkadarya, Navoi, and Andijan regions, 41
species of ecto- and endoparasites and parasitic diseases were found to be widespread among
agricultural and laboratory animals.
2.
Among farm animals, ecto- and endoparasites: Bovicola bovis, B. ovis, B. caprae,
Ctenocephalides caprae, Ct. ovis, Oestrus ovis, Hyalomma anatolicum, H. plumbeum,
Rhipicephalus bursa, and among laboratory animals Allodermanyssus sunguineus and Rh. bursa
are the main species and were found to be widespread as dominant species.
3.
In the winter and spring months (maximum 61-91%), and in the summer and autumn months (up
to 18-24% minimum), Hyalomma anatolicum, H. plumbeum, and ticks Rhipicephalus bursa, it
was noted that more are in the summer months (83-90%), and a minimum of 20-35% in the
MIDDLE EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN
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spring and autumn months, and the endoparasite Hypoderma bovis is more common in the
summer months (83-90%).
List of used literature
1.
Akbaev R.M., Pugovkina N.V. “Bovikolez of cattle in livestock farms of the Moscow region.” //
journal “Veterinaty”, Ed."Logos Press" (Moscow),- 2017.- № 1,- p. 10-13.
2.
Pulatov F.S., Ismoilov A.Sh., Rakhimov M.Yu., Abdullaeva D.O., Sayfiddinov B.F.,
Ruzimuradov A. “Fauna and ecology of zooparasites in zoobiocenoses”, Turkish Journal of
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(2).
3.
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN2651-446X www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
4.
Pulatov F.S., Rakhimov M.Yu. Ismoilov A.Sh., Boltaev D.M., Sayfiddinov B.F. Ecogenesis of
ectoparasites of agricultural animals. Eurasian Medical Research Periodical, 27 March. 2022,
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Oct 2022, ISSN: 2660-4159. SJIF 2022.
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Pulatov F.S., Rakhimov M.Yu., Ismoilov A.Sh., Boltaev D.M., Kamalova A.I., Djalolov A.A.,
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