No. 05 (2025) Volume 05 Issue 05

The article traces the long-term evolution of primary-school education from the advent of early modernity to the threshold of contemporary pedagogy. Drawing on published sources, archival materials, and comparative historiography, the study reconstructs how social change, philosophical currents, and institutional reforms reshaped the aims, content, and methods of elementary teaching. It shows that the transition from confessional schooling to Enlightenment rationalism, and later to the child-centered paradigms of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, transformed the teacher’s professional identity and recast the place of upbringing in the curricular whole. Particular attention is paid to the circulation of ideas across Europe, the Russian Empire, and the United States, revealing networks of influence that prepared the ground for modern universal primary education. The findings illuminate continuities and ruptures in didactic theory, underline the role of socio-economic factors, and illustrate how early initiatives anticipated later global norms.  

The worldwide shortage of cadaveric material and the rapid evolution of Extended Reality (XR) platforms have converged to renew interest in virtual, augmented and mixed-reality solutions for anatomy and physiology education. This study analyzes the pedagogical impact of immersive technologies in the pre-clinical curriculum of undergraduate biology students at Shakhrisabz State Pedagogical Institute. A quasi-experimental design compared an intervention cohort (n = 41) receiving instruction with a mixed-reality application running on HoloLens 2 to a control cohort (n = 43) taught with conventional cadaver prosections and plastinated models. Cognitive outcomes were measured with a validated 50-item multiple-choice examination; affective outcomes were captured through a five-factor engagement scale. After six weeks, the intervention group achieved a mean score of 84.6 ± 6.3 versus 74.1 ± 7.8 in the control group (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.76). Engagement ratings were significantly higher across all factors, particularly “spatial comprehension” and “self-directed inquiry”. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed that immersive visualisation reduced cognitive load, supported collaborative problem solving and stimulated intrinsic motivation. The findings confirm that carefully integrated XR modules can enrich anatomy and physiology teaching, provided that instructional design principles, technical infrastructure and faculty development requirements are addressed.  

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the pedagogical conditions necessary for developing the managerial skills of deputy directors in preschool educational institutions. In the modern educational environment, the professional and managerial competence of leadership personnel directly impacts the quality of education. The study explores the nature and content of managerial competencies, methodological approaches aimed at their development, the role of practical training and seminars, examples from foreign practices, and mechanisms for adapting the pedagogical environment to preschool education. The author proposes practical recommendations to enhance the professional development of leadership personnel in the preschool education system.  

This article illustrates the importance of modifying teaching methods to assimilate different learning styles in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. By investigating real literature and conducting a survey among EFL teachers, this research reveals actual techniques that accommodate various learners. The findings offers that differentiated instruction, multimedia resources, and learner-centered activities increase language acquisition and engrossment. The study determines with recommends for integrating these methods in EFL settings.  

This article explores the impact of Collaborative Project-Based Learning (PBL) on enhancing scientific writing skills. By engaging students in group projects centered around real-world scientific problems, PBL fosters teamwork, critical thinking, and the development of effective scientific communication. The study synthesizes existing research to highlight how collaboration improves writing quality through peer feedback, the sharing of ideas, and exposure to diverse perspectives. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of PBL in providing students with authentic writing experiences, helping them understand the structure and conventions of scientific writing. While challenges such as unequal participation and logistical issues may arise, these can be mitigated with proper planning and the use of technology to support collaboration. Overall, the article concludes that PBL offers a transformative approach to teaching scientific writing, equipping students with essential skills for academic and professional success in the scientific community.  

The process of continuous assessment during the acquisition of educational material should ensure the full-fledged formation of medical neonatological clinical skills in students without dynamic stress. The methods of designing and developing neonatal clinical education technology in pediatrics are extensively covered. The article highlights the importance of modern innovative teaching methods in acquiring pediatric medical skills, including the use of phantoms and anatomical models to enhance the efficiency of learning and strengthen students' professional competence. Additionally, it outlines the roles and responsibilities of medical educators and students in mastering neonatological clinical sciences.  

The article talks about the experience of the 4K model in developed foreign countries and its impact on the development of interpersonal communication skills.  

The article highlights the significance of scientific research demonstrating that physical education and extracurricular activities possess substantial potential in enhancing the health and well-being of high school students. This is achieved through the development of their knowledge, practical skills, and competencies, as well as by improving their physical fitness. Additionally, such activities play a key role in engaging students in educational and recreational initiatives, fostering participation in sports and health-oriented programs, and preparing them for athletic competitions. Furthermore, they contribute to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the cultivation of responsible environmental behavior, the practice of personal and public hygiene, and the enhancement of students’ ecological awareness.  

This article analyzes the issues of forming and activating speech competencies in the training of future primary school teachers from a pedagogical, theoretical and practical perspective. In particular, it covers the modern interpretation of the concept of speech competence, its importance at the primary education stage, and its connection with the communicative and methodological competence of the teacher. The article also analyzes the methodological methods, practical exercises, and the content of curricula that serve to develop the speech activity of primary school teachers. Based on the analysis, proposals are developed for the effective formation of speech competence.  

This article contains theoretical information that prepares the ground for the development of students' linguistic competence, serves to expand linguistic knowledge, creates a broader understanding of the division of words in the Uzbek language into types such as homonyms, synonyms, antonyms and paronyms according to their form and meaning relationships, improves control knowledge, and information on the effective implementation of training sessions entitled “Types of words according to their form and meaning relationships” to determine the stages of students' acquisition of knowledge about lexical competencies at 3 different levels: formative, developmental and improving.

The article studies the possibility of improving the most efficient integration of solar power plants (SPP) with the electric grid by analyzing foreign scientific literature. The reasons for the inefficient integration of SPP and the power system are identified based on the results of scientific theoretical and experimental works by leading experts from developed countries. The issues of variability of weather conditions, the influence of external and internal factors on the operation of the network, the use of the most advanced technologies for managing the network, the method of accumulating the generated energy by batteries and their impact on the distortion of the energy parameters of the network are considered. The issues of introducing the technology of modern converters, anti-islanding, protection, forecasting the "sun-grid" system and smart grid are described. The methods of various scientists used in the integration of solar photovoltaic plants to electric grids and their results are discussed. Attention is paid to the development of control algorithms, the creation of simulation schemes of models. The main directions of methods for efficient connection of SPP to electric grids are indicated. Possible cases of failure of power plants, power lines and the safety of the entire system are taken into account. The technical and economic aspects of the problem of the issue under consideration in the construction of integrated systems in hard-to-reach areas of the planet are considered. It is recommended, as an important step, to optimize the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart monitoring of the generation of electrical power received from solar power plants, accumulation and consumption of energy by consumers.

This scientific-methodological paper presents a methodology for teaching students about nitrogen-containing organic compounds produced in chemical industry enterprises, utilizing an integrative approach based on natural sciences. The approach aims to reveal the practical relevance of the topic by harmonizing chemistry, biology, ecology, medicine, and industrial sciences. The applied significance of major Uzbek chemical enterprises such as "Navoiyazot" and "Farg‘onaazot," as well as the use of laboratory experiments and project-based learning, are highlighted as tools for developing interdisciplinary thinking, practical skills, and professional interest among students. Furthermore, the content and analyses of this article are fully aligned with Uzbekistan's "New Uzbekistan" Development Strategy for 2022–2026 and the concept of ensuring close linkage between science, production, and education.

This article explores the didactic content of improving laboratory sessions in Physiology based on didactic provision. With laboratory work being a cornerstone of physiology education, the integration of clear instructional design and pedagogical frameworks is critical to improving student engagement and learning outcomes. The research identifies key components of effective didactic provision, including clearly defined learning objectives, alignment with theoretical content, use of active learning strategies, and continuous formative assessment. Through a combination of literature review, curriculum analysis, and pilot implementation in undergraduate physiology courses, this study demonstrates how strategic didactic planning enhances students' conceptual understanding and practical skills. Embedding didactic principles into laboratory session design not only increases the educational value of hands-on experiences but also fosters deeper scientific reasoning and learner autonomy. Thus, recommendations are provided for educators seeking to redesign laboratory instruction in physiology in alignment with modern educational standards.  

This article examines the importance of modern literature lessons in enhancing students' interest in the educational process. It emphasizes that textbooks, visual materials, and interactive elements tailored to students' abilities and needs can revitalize the learning experience. The article discusses the complexity of school textbooks and their role in preparing students for social life. It proposes approaches aimed at improving the quality of new-generation textbooks and fostering students' independent thinking skills.  

The article provides information on important aspects of ecology, ecology and environmental protection, nature conservation, development of, ecological culture of youth in the formation of national education of youth in the context of globalization.

This article describes that, currently, education is also experiencing significant transformation. Educators increasingly seek to utilize diverse contemporary technologies to develop in students the competencies required for successful professional activity and future competitiveness. Undoubtedly, the aforementioned global societal trends have contributed significantly to the emergence of relevant, era-appropriate educational methodologies, with STEAM education being a prime example of such innovation.  

This study demonstrates the impact of proper nutrition on the engaging form of athletic gymnastics, a healthier type of gymnastics. Observations were conducted on second-year students of the Faculty of Physical Culture of Andijan State University. Through the study, the study described how the effectiveness of athletic exercise in determining the anthropometric performance of students depends on the proper organization of nutrition. The importance of supplemental nutrition for ectomorphic individuals by body type has been demonstrated.  

This article is achieved by active, purposeful work with schoolchildren, identifying their true interests and abilities in biological sciences, personal inclinations, as well as building confidence in choosing the right profession that meets the needs of the city, district, village in which they live.  Therefore, from a pedagogical point of view, the effectiveness of choosing a profession based on biological education is understood as measuring the compliance of a person's choice of profession with teacher recommendations.  

This article discusses the purpose of the EGMA international assessment programs and the assessment model through them, which is to develop students' verbal calculation skills, develop logical thinking skills, and increase mathematical literacy.  

This article highlights the methodological foundations of using martial arts elements to develop endurance, one of the functional physical qualities of athletes engaged in rugby, and to improve tackling techniques, which are crucial in the game process. In the specially designed training complex for rugby players, techniques from combat sports such as sambo, judo, and kurash are selectively chosen, which serve to develop not only physical endurance but also skills such as stability in contact situations, holding the opponent, and maintaining balance.  

This article explores various teacher strategies for integrating multimedia tools into English pronunciation instruction for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. Emphasizing the importance of multimedia in enhancing students' phonetic awareness, articulation, and intonation, the study provides practical frameworks and insights from classroom experiences. The research combines qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the effectiveness of multimedia integration and identifies best practices to improve pedagogical approaches in higher education contexts. Furthermore, the paper highlights the significance of technological advancements in language education, especially in facilitating autonomous learning and real-time feedback. By examining both student outcomes and teacher perspectives, the article contributes to the growing body of literature that supports the use of multimedia as a transformative element in pronunciation teaching. The findings offer valuable recommendations for educators, curriculum developers, and policy makers aiming to improve pronunciation instruction through the strategic application of digital resources.  

The article analyzes the role and importance of independent learning in the development of professional and graphic competence of students in a credit-modular system. The study highlights the ways of effective organization of the independent educational process, its role in the formation of creative and critical thinking of students. Recommendations are also given on improving self-study, increasing the effectiveness of mastering graphic disciplines through the use of modern information and communication technologies. The article discusses practical methods for developing professional graphic competence and ways to improve the quality of education based on innovative pedagogical approaches.  

This article is dedicated to analyzing the socio-philosophical factors in shaping and developing the worldview of youth within the framework of the "New Uzbekistan" concept, based on national and universal values. The article thoroughly examines issues related to the transformation of social consciousness, youth thinking, and cultural identity under the influence of globalization and information technologies. It analyzes mechanisms for forming a healthy worldview in the younger generation through instilling a sense of national identity, patriotism, historical memory, and respect for cultural heritage. The article presents a philosophical perspective on the role of social institutions—such as the family’s educational influence, the transformation of the education system, the impact of religious and spiritual environments, and the positive and negative effects of mass media and digital culture on the consciousness of youth.  

This study examines the challenges of teaching foreign languages in non-philological higher education programs and proposes a metacognitive methodology to enhance learning efficiency. The research identifies key issues such as unclear learning objectives, low student motivation, outdated teaching methods. Empirical data from student assessments, surveys, and classroom observations highlight the effectiveness of independent learning tasks, reflective journals, and technology-integrated instruction. The findings suggest that a structured metacognitive approach significantly improves students’ linguistic competence and professional communication skills.  

This article deals with an innovative mechanism for developing students' intercultural communicative competencies (ICC) employing multimedia tools. The research examines how multimedia resources, such as video conferencing, interactive digital platforms, virtual simulations, and multimedia storytelling, can effectively foster intercultural understanding, empathy, and communication skills among learners. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, the study evaluates changes in students’ ICC before and after multimedia-based interventions, highlighting specific strategies and tools that significantly enhance intercultural competencies.