This article analyzes the method of word formation using the “generalizing method" of morphemic contraction in the сhinese language, and relevant examples are given. To this end, the article sets the following tasks: analyze theoretical approaches to сhinese linguistics; studying the features of the expression of the types of “generalizing method” of morphemic contraction; analyze the methods of morphemic contraction using examples from сhinese social and political texts. Within each method, they were grouped into several species based on similar and different characteristics. Methods of morphemic contraction have been studied and analyzed with various examples. In the morphemic contraction of the modern сhinese language, only four word-formation models were observed: copulative, object-verb, attributive, and subject-predicative. In this method, a compound word will look like “quantity + component (word / morpheme)”. The number of abbreviated words is expressed by the number and the main component, which summarizes or means the meaning of all abbreviated words. In the “generalization” method, reduction units are divided into two: reduction of words and phrases. The "quantitative number" has a fixed position. In two-compound complicated words, “quantitative number” occurs at the beginning of the word, that is, in the first syllable, in three-complex compound words in the first or second syllables, in four-complex compound words in the second and fourth syllables. There are two different opinions on the “generalization” approach. In this work, the first opinion is welcomed, since the “component” in “number + component” does not have to be a common component in each equal word, but it can also be a separate word representing a common meaning.
Все физиологические и агрономические исследования имеют конечной целью познание сложнейших механизмов и законов роста и развития растений с тем, чтобы на основе этих знаний уметь создавать наиболее благоприятные условия роста, развития и продукционного процесса растений. Анализ современного состояния теории и практики применения различных регуляторов роста позволяет отметить широкое их применение в сельском хозяйстве. Всё больше внимание уделяется получению регуляторов роста растений, ключевым компонентом в которых является салициловая кислота, оказывающее значительное влияние на иммунитет растений. Считается, что салициловая кислота является мощное сигнальное соединение, участвующая в защитных механизмах, регулируя физиологические и биохимические реакциях в растениях, и оказывая влияние на толерантность к биотическим и абиотическим стрессовым факторам (Young; Kalachova and et al., 2016; Karima Boulahia and et al., 2023). Hannes Lefevere and et al., 2020, также считают, что салициловая кислота является важным активатором и оказывает опосредованное действие хозяина- растения запускает механизм против микроорганизма патогена.
This article is devoted to the study of Turkish phraseological units, special attention is paid to the study and analysis of phraseological units with the “baş” component. The main goal of the authors was to study somatic phraseological units, which include the “baş” component, study their semantics, and analyze their use in oral and written speech. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: the study of the scientific literature on phraseological units; the study of scientific works devoted to somatic phraseological units of the Turkish language; finding sources related to the topic of the study, and collecting material; semantic analysis of somatic phraseological units with the “Baş” component; formulation of conclusions based on the results of the analysis. The article uses lexical-semantic and conceptual-analytical research methods. In the part of the article that illuminates the degree of knowledge of the topic, a comment is given to a number of noteworthy scientific papers. The article notes that language is a means of communication between members of society, serves a person as a means of helping to express their thoughts and inner experiences verbally and in writing, that each person, when presenting his thoughts, uses a number of ways to make his speech more beautiful and more informatively, that among these methods the use of phraseological units is the most effective. The authors emphasize that phraseological units enrich written and oral speech, and provide a more complete and clear presentation of thoughts. The article carried out a study of 217 phraseological units in which the “baş” component functions, shows the difference in their content, structure and composition, analyzes the most frequent phraseological units with the “baş” component used in oral and written Turkish speech. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion was made about the use of phraseological units with the “baş” component in various situations. Most of these phraseological units are used in a problem situation, the number of such phraseological units is 65. Along with this, the author notes the cases of using phraseological units with the “baş” component in the following situations: physical condition (29), mutual respect (17), in the process of excitement (14), and leadership and leadership (14).
статья раскрывает возможности использования перспективных стимуляторов роста растений в современных биотехнологических процессах, обосновывается опыт применения ростостимулирующих препаратов нового поколения в конкретных климатических и территориальных условиях.
В статье рассматривается устойчивое развитие регионов, на основе эффективного использования местного туристического потенциала как уникального фактора экономического роста для стран мира. Также, уделяется особое внимание обеспечению экономического роста в регионах, повышению роли и значения туризма, в особенности внутреннего туризма, в решении важнейших социальных проблем (занятость, доходы, человеческий капитал и др.).
Diabetik retinopatiya,mikrosirkulyatsiya, qon tomir o'sish omili VEGF, miyadan olingan neyrotrofik omil BDNF, DR rivojlanishi uchun biomarkerlar.