Том 4 № 4 (2025)

The changes being made in the education system of independent Uzbekistan are, of course, important in preparing the younger generation for the future of the country. Improving the quality of education, arming young people with modern knowledge and developing their critical thinking skills are one of the most urgent tasks today.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the spine and the lumbosacral joints, leading to their ankylosis and, eventually, disability. Characterized by inflammation and progressive damage, AS predominantly impacts individuals under 40 years of age, with a higher prevalence in men. The disease is associated with the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B27, a genetic marker that plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. AS is recognized for its significant societal impact, as it often leads to early disability in the younger population, affecting their quality of life and productivity. Recent updates in therapeutic guidelines emphasize the combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions to manage disease progression and alleviate symptoms. This paper explores the current treatment options for AS, focusing on the effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biologic therapies, and newer immunomodulatory agents, as well as the need for updated treatment guidelines.

To compare the efficacy of low-dose immunosuppressive combination therapy with UVB-311nm versus UVB-311nm and prp therapy alone for the treatment of patients with vitiligo.

To study the prevalence and structure of statodynamic disorders in elderly patients according to the data of treatment and hospitalization in a neurological clinic. Materials and methods: 1,450 elderly patients, of whom 641 (44.2%) patients had locomotor syndrome (complaints of balance disorders, gait, coordination of movements, trembling and hyperkinesis) (Fig.3.1). The average age of patients with SDN was 68.5±9.3 years.

maktabgacha yoshdagi aqli zaif bolalarning lug’at boyligini shakllantirish usullari, aqli zaif bolalar bilan olib boriladigan korreksion ishlar, o’yin faoliyati, bolalarning so’z boyligini oshirish uchun amalga oshiradigan faoliyat turlari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Aqli zaif bolalarning o’qish va mehnat faoliyatiga to’xtalib o’tilgan.

Ischemic brain damage, like other pathogenic factors, initiates the reorganization of cortical centers and pathways outside the "nuclear zone" of acute or chronic ischemia, which limits the spontaneous restoration of functions in victims. Accordingly, knowledge of the basic patterns of post-ischemic neuroplastic remodeling is crucial for developing more effective rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients. The article discusses modern concepts of neuroplasticity: the main patterns of post-stroke reorganization of the central nervous system, studied in rodents, as well as clinical markers of compensatory and regenerative processes in conditions of chronic cerebral ischemia in cerebrovascular diseases, which allows us to identify the mechanisms underlying the remodeling of neural networks in the penumbra and contralateral hemisphere against the background of ischemic damage.

When conducting an EMG study before rehabilitation in patients after stroke, a decrease in the electrogenesis of the studied muscle groups (T. opponens pollicis, m. peroneus longus) was detected in the extremities and on the heminaresis side in the form of a decrease in the amplitude of biopotentials by almost 2 times compared with normal values.

Indoor air quality has emerged as a vital component of environmental health, particularly in residential settings where individuals spend a significant portion of their time. Among the less visible but highly hazardous pollutants is radon—a radioactive gas that originates from the natural decay of uranium found in soil, rocks, and certain construction materials. Due to its invisible and odorless nature, radon infiltrates homes silently, accumulating to dangerous levels if not adequately ventilated. Long-term exposure to radon is a leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers.

This thesis discusses the content, purpose and pedagogical significance of the formation of music listening skills in primary school students on a scientific and theoretical basis. The need to form aesthetic taste, emotional perception, ability to distinguish melody and rhythm, and skills to analyze a listened musical work through listening is substantiated. The thesis shows the methodology for the gradual development of music listening skills, the structure of the lesson process focused on listening activities, the role of interactive methods and the individual approach of the teacher as an important factor.

Ushbu maqolada ta'lim jarayonida kallabarativ texnologiyalari asosida madaniy muhitni rivojlantirish, hozirgi zamon ta'limining eng dolzarb masalalaridan biri ekanligi, xorij olimlarining kallabarativ texnologiyalar asosidagi ilmiy izlanishlari, xususan, virtual va kengaytirilgan haqiqat (VR/AR), sun'iy intellekt, 3D modellashtirish va boshqalar haqida fikr yuritilgan.

В статье рассматриваются теоретические основы и практические аспекты методики преподавания лексики и фразеологизмов на уроках русского языка. Представлен анализ эффективных методов и приемов работы с лексическим материалом, учитывающих возрастные и психологические особенности учащихся. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам семантизации новых слов, работе с многозначной лексикой и способам объяснения значений фразеологических единиц. Описаны возможности применения современных информационно-коммуникационных технологий в процессе обучения лексике и фразеологии. Статья содержит практические рекомендации для учителей по организации эффективной работы на уроке.

Словосочетания играют ключевую роль в построении предложений и развитии речевой структуры, поэтому знание их видов, структуры и особенностей связи между компонентами необходимо как в теоретическом осмыслении языка, так и в практическом овладении нормами речи.

Одам савдоси — бу фақат миллий даражадаги муаммо эмас, балки глобал миқёсдаги жиноятдир. Ушбу муаммога қарши курашиш учун халқаро ва миллий ҳуқуқий механизмлар фаолияти муҳим аҳамиятга эга саналади.

Maqolada  ta'lim  tizimida  sun'iy  intellektning  roli  va  ta'sirini oshirish  masalasi  tahlil  qilinadi.  Universitetlarda  o‘qitish  jarayoniga  sun’iy intellektni  joriy  etish,  shuningdek,  internet  texnologiyalarini  takomillashtirish zarurligi belgilandi.  Ta'lim sifatini oshirish  uchun  sun'iy  intellektdan  foydalanish imkoniyatlari taqdim etilgan. Ta’lim tizimida neyron tarmoqlar va sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalaridan  foydalanish  va  takomillashtirish  zarurligiga  e’tibor qaratilmoqda.