ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
564
TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH OF THE
RUSSIAN, UZBEK, AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES AND THEIR TEACHING
METHODS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION.
Nosirova Dilnoza Rizoqulovna
Lecturer at Asia International University
Master’s student at BSPI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7854396
Abstract.
This article is devoted to the typological characteristics of parts of speech in
Russian, Uzbek and English and the methodology of teaching parts of speech
in primary education.
Key words:
typology, comparison, parts of speech, Russian language, Uzbek language,
English language, methodology, activities, visual aids, technology.
ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЧАСТЕЙ РЕЧИ РУССКОГО,
УЗБЕКСКОГО И АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ И МЕТОДИКА ИХ ОБУЧЕНИЯ В
НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССАХ.
Аннотация.
Данная статья посвящена типологической характеристике частей
речи в русском, узбекском и английском языках и методике обучения частям речи в
начальных классах.
Ключевые слова:
типология, сравнение, части речи, русский язык, узбекский язык,
английский язык, методика, деятельность, наглядные пособия, технология.
INTRODUCTION
The parts of speech are the building blocks of any language. They are the categories of words
that we use to construct sentences, convey meaning and communicate our thoughts and feelings.
In this article, we will examine the history of the parts of speech in Russian, English and Uzbek
languages and explore how each language has developed and evolved over time, and how the
different parts of speech have been used to express meaning and convey ideas.
The typological characteristics of parts of speech of the Russian, Uzbek and English
languages
Russian Language:
The history of the parts of speech in Russian is closely linked to its
historical development and its interactions with other languages such as Old Church Slavonic,
Greek and Latin. Old Church Slavonic, which was the liturgical language of the Orthodox Church
in Russia, influenced the development of Russian language by introducing new vocabulary,
grammar and syntax.[5] It also helped to standardize the language, which in turn aided its
acceptance as a literary language.
One of the key features of the Russian language is its extensive system of declension. Nouns,
pronouns and adjectives have a complex system of inflection and case endings, which reflects the
rich historical roots of the language.[12] The Russian language includes six cases, which are used
to show a noun's role in a sentence. The cases include the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative,
instrumental, and prepositional.[7] The verb system in Russian is also complex, and it exhibits a
wide range of tenses, aspects, and moods. Russian verbs can be either perfective or imperfective,
which is determined by the action's completeness. The language also has a unique system of gender
agreement, which is reflected in the inflection of adjectives and verbs.[15]
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
565
English language:
The parts of speech in the English language have a long and complex
history, which reflects the various cultural and linguistic influences that have shaped the language
over the centuries. English has its roots in Germanic languages such as Old Norse and Old English,
which were influenced by Latin and French later on.[3] This synthesis helped to create a diverse
and flexible language that has become the world's lingua franca.
The traditional parts of speech in English are eight in number: nouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections.[8] These categories have evolved
over centuries, and today, their usage and meaning have become well-established.[1] English is
known for its relatively simple system of inflection, which hinges largely on word order, rather
than case endings.
One key feature of the English language is the extensive use of modals, which show degrees
of possibility or probability.[2] English verbs also have a complex system of tenses, which includes
present, past, and future tenses, along with a range of perfect and progressive forms.
Uzbek Language:
Uzbek is a Turkic language that belongs to the Altaic language family.[11]
It has developed over centuries in the context of the Silk Road and the various nomadic and settled
Turkic people who lived in present-day Uzbekistan. Uzbek has been influenced by Arabic, Persian,
Russian and other neighboring languages, which has created a rich and diverse language with a
unique system of parts of speech.[14] Uzbek has evolved over time and has developed its own
distinct system of declension for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives.[4] Nouns have six cases,
including the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, and ablative cases.[9] The
language also features a complex system of verb endings, which reflect a range of tense, aspect
and mood.[13]
Unlike Russian and English, Uzbek does not have articles, but it has other parts of speech
that reflect its cultural and linguistic influences.[6] For example, the Uzbek language uses
honorifics, which reflect the speaker's social status and the relationship between the speaker and
the person being addressed. The language also features a range of particles, which are used to
express certain emotions or attitudes.[10]
The methods of teaching the topic of parts of speech in primary education.
Teaching parts of speech is an important aspect of primary education. Parts of speech are the
building blocks of language, and understanding them is essential for effective communication,
reading and writing. In this article, we will explore some effective strategies for teaching parts of
speech in primary education.
So, how to teach the topic of parts of speech. Here some steps and tips:
1. Introduce the Parts of Speech
The first step in teaching parts of speech is to introduce them to students. The eight parts of
speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and
interjections. It is important to explain the function of each part of speech and give examples of
each. For example, you can explain that nouns are words that name people, places, things, and
ideas, while verbs are words that show action or state of being.
2. Use Visual Aids
Visual aids are a great way to help students understand the different parts of speech. You
can use posters, flashcards, or pictures to illustrate the different parts of speech. For example, you
can use a picture of a dog to illustrate a noun, and a picture of a person running to illustrate a verb.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
566
3. Engage Students in Activities
Engaging students in activities is a great way to help them learn about parts of speech. You
can play games like charades, where students act out different parts of speech, or have students
write sentences using different parts of speech. You can also have students create their own stories
using different parts of speech.
4. Provide Feedback
Providing feedback is an essential part of the learning process. As students learn about parts
of speech, provide them with feedback on their work. This can be done through individual
feedback, group feedback, or whole-class feedback. Encourage students to ask questions and
provide feedback to each other.
5. Use Technology
Technology can be a great tool for teaching parts of speech. There are many educational
apps and websites that can help students learn about different parts of speech. For example, there
are apps that provide interactive games and quizzes, as well as websites that provide videos and
other resources.
Conclusion
In conclusion, teaching parts of speech is an important part of language learning. By
introducing the parts of speech, using visual aids, engaging students in activities, providing
feedback, and using technology, teachers can help students develop a strong understanding of the
building blocks of language. This will not only improve their communication skills but also
enhance their reading and writing abilities.
REFERENCES
1.
Aarts, Bas. “Cоnceptiоns оf Gradience in the Histоry оf Linguistics.” Language Sciences
2004. 343-389.
2.
Baker, Mark C. Lexical Categоries: Verbs, Nоuns, and Adjectives. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press 2003..
3.
Crоft, William. “Parts оf Speech as Language Universals and as LanguageParticular
Categоries.” In Apprоaches tо the Typоlоgy оf Wоrd Classes, edited by Petra M. Vоgel
and Bernard Cоmrie, 65-102. Berlin and New Yоrk: Mоutоn de Gruyter, 2000.
4.
Алимова К. Х. Язык - величайшее достояние и неотъемлемая принадлежность
нации//2018.
5.
Блох М.Я. Теоретические основы грамматики, М.: Изд-во Высш. шк., 2005,- 239с.
6.
Кошевая И.Г. Курс сравнительной типологии английского и русского языков:
Учеб.пособие, М.:Изд-во Высш. школа, 2008. - 327с.
7.
Кубрякова Е.С. Язык и знание: На пути получения знаний о языке: Части речи с
когнитивной точки зрения. Роль языка в познании мира, М.: Изд-во Языки
славянской культуры, 2004.- 249с.
8.
Левицкий А.Э. Функциональные подходы к классификации единиц современного
английского языка, К.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1998.- 118с.
9.
Маҳмудов Н., Нурмонов А. Ўзбек тилининг назарий грамматикаси. Синтаксис. –Т.,
1995.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
567
10.
Нелюбин Л.Л. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков: Учебник. -
М.: Изд-во МГОУ,2007. -183с.
11.
Сайфуллаева Р. ва бошқ. Ҳозирги ўзбек адабий тили (Современный узбекский
литературный язык). Ташкент: ЎзМУ, 2005. – 386 б.
12.
Тихомирова Т.С., К вопросу о переходности частей речи//2017
13.
Уралов А. К некоторым вопросам функциональной классификации морфем
узбекского языка / Материалы Международной научной конференции. –Санкт-
Петербург, 2017. – С. 338–343.
14.
Ўринбоев Б., Қурбонов Т. Ўзбек тилшунослиги тарихи. - Самарқанд, 2006.
15.
Щербак А.М. О лингвистической природе частей речи // Вопросы теории частей
речи. – П.: Наука, 2004. – С. 229.
