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ADOLF GITLER: ZOLIMNING YUKSALISHI VA QULASHI
Sharopov Jahongir Nusratovich
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti talabasi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10800792
Annotatsiya.
Gitlerning shafqatsiz va aqidaparast hukmronligi tarixda o‘chmas iz
qoldirdi, bu ko‘pchilikni uning mafkurasini shakllantirgan omillarni, ommani safarbar etish
qobiliyatini va harakatlarining oqibatlarini o‘rganishga undadi. Ushbu maqolada biz Adolf
Gitlerning hayoti va merosini ko'rib chiqamiz, uning harakatlari va uning dunyoga ta'sirini
tushunishga intilamiz.
Kalit so’zlar:
Notiqlik, tashviqot, iqtisodiy falokat, tovon, kommunizm, yahudiy, populistik
xabari.
ADOLF HITLER: THE RISE AND FALL OF A TYRANT.
Abstract.
Hitler's brutal and fanatical rule left an indelible mark on history, prompting
many to study the factors that shaped his ideology, his ability to mobilize the masses, and the
consequences of his actions. In this article, we will examine the life and legacy of Adolf Hitler,
seeking to understand his actions and the impact he had on the world.
Key words:
Oratory, propaganda, economic disaster, reparations, communism, Jewish,
populist message.
АДОЛЬФ ГИТЛЕР: ВЗЛЕТ И ПАДЕНИЕ ТИРАНА.
Аннотация.
Жестокое и фанатичное правление Гитлера оставило неизгладимый
след в истории, побудив многих изучить факторы, сформировавшие его идеологию, его
способность мобилизовать массы и последствия его действий. В этой статье мы
рассмотрим жизнь и наследие Адольфа Гитлера, стремясь понять его действия и влияние,
которое он оказал на мир.
Ключевые слова:
Ораторское искусство, пропаганда, экономическая катастрофа,
репарации, коммунизм, еврейское, популистское послание.
KIRISH
Gitler xarizmatik notiqlik va tashviqotni qo'llab, iqtisodiy ehtiyoj, millatchilik va
antisemitizmga chorlab, Birinchi jahon urushida hali ham mag'lubiyatga uchragan Germaniyada
avtoritar tuzum o'rnatish uchun foydalandi, bunda ko'pchilik Frantsiya tomonidan qo'yilgan
haqoratli shartlardan norozi bo'ldi. Versal shartnomasida Angliya. 1920-yillarda demokratik
Germaniyani yengib o'tgan iqtisodiy falokat katta tovon to'lashni talab qilgan shartnomada
ayblandi. Bu nemis xalqining Gitler kabi odamni o'z qutqaruvchisi sifatida qabul qilish kayfiyatini
tushuntirish uchun uzoq yo'lni bosib o'tadi.
Iqtisodiyot qayta tuzilgan va qurollangan armiya bilan Gitler nemis Lebensraumini
(“yashash maydoni”) kengaytirish niyatida agressiv tashqi siyosat olib bordi va Polshaga bostirib
kirish orqali Yevropada yirik urushni boshlab yubordi. O‘z qudratining eng yuqori cho‘qqisida
Germaniya va uning ittifoqchilari, ya’ni “O‘q davlatlari” deb nomlanuvchi Yevropaning ko‘p
qismini bosib oldilar, ammo oxir-oqibat Ikkinchi jahon urushida Buyuk Britaniya va AQSh
boshchiligidagi ittifoqchilar tomonidan mag‘lubiyatga uchradilar. Gitlerning irqiy siyosati 11
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million kishining, jumladan, olti millionga yaqin yahudiyning genotsid qilinishi bilan yakunlandi
va hozirda Xolokost deb ataladi.
Urushning so'nggi kunlarida Gitler yangi turmush qurgan rafiqasi Eva Braun bilan birga
Berlindagi yer osti bunkerida o'z joniga qasd qildi.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
Adolf Gitler zamonaviy tarixdagi eng mashhur va nufuzli shaxslardan biri hisoblanadi.
1889-yilda Avstriyada tug‘ilgan Gitler 1933-yildan 1945-yilda vafotigacha fashistlar partiyasining
rahbari va oxir-oqibat Germaniyaning diktatori bo‘ladi. Uning hokimiyat tepasiga ko‘tarilishi
o‘zining xarizmatik shaxsiyati, maftunkor nutqlari va manipulyatsiyasi tufayli kuchaydi.
tashviqot, Ikkinchi jahon urushi va Holokostning vayron bo'lishiga olib keldi, bu millionlab
odamlarning o'limiga olib keldi.
Adolf Gitler zamonaviy tarixdagi eng mashhur shaxslardan biri bo'lib qolmoqda, uning
nomi zulm, genotsid va Ikkinchi jahon urushi dahshatlari bilan sinonimdir. 1889-yil 20-aprelda
Avstriyaning Braunau-am-Inn shahrida tug‘ilgan Gitlerning ilk hayoti mashaqqat va umidsizlik
bilan kechdi, bu omillar keyinchalik uning radikal mafkuralari va hokimiyatga chanqoqligini
shakllantiradi.
Yoshligida Gitler rassom bo'lishga intilgan, ammo Vena Tasviriy san'at akademiyasidan
rad javobiga duch kelgan. U kun kechirish uchun kurashib, qashshoqlik va sarson hayotga o‘tib
ketdi. Aynan shu vaqt ichida u o'zining qizg'in millatchilik va antisemitizm e'tiqodlarini
rivojlantirdi, yahudiylarni va boshqa ozchilik guruhlarini o'zining muvaffaqiyatsizliklarida va
Germaniyaning tanazzulga uchrashida aybladi.
1914 yilda, Birinchi jahon urushi boshlanishi bilan Gitler nemis armiyasida maqsad va
daxldorlik hissini topdi. U G‘arbiy frontda xabarchi bo‘lib xizmat qilgan va jasorati uchun ikki
marta Temir xoch ordeni bilan taqdirlangan. Biroq 1918-yilda Germaniyaning mag‘lubiyati va
undan keyingi Versal shartnomasi mamlakatga qattiq tovon to‘lash va hududiy yo‘qotishlarni
keltirib chiqarishi Gitlerning noroziligini kuchaytirdi va uning siyosiy ambitsiyalari uchun qulay
zamin yaratdi.
Urushdan so'ng Gitler Germaniya Ishchilar partiyasi, kichik o'ta o'ng siyosiy guruhga
qo'shildi va Versal shartnomasiga, kommunizmga va yahudiylarning ta'siriga qarshi bo'lgan
ishtiyoqli nutqlari bilan tezda mashhurlikka erishdi. 1920-yilda partiya Milliy sotsialistik nemis
ishchilar partiyasi (NSDAP) yoki fashistlar partiyasi deb o'zgartirildi, uning rahbari Gitler edi.
Keyingi o'n yil ichida Gitler o'z hokimiyatini mustahkamlash uchun Germaniyani qamrab
olgan iqtisodiy notinchlik va siyosiy beqarorlikdan mohirlik bilan foydalandi. U 1923 yilda
Veymar respublikasini ag'darishga qaratilgan muvaffaqiyatsiz to'ntarishga urinish bo'lgan "Beer
Hall Putsch" ni uyushtirdi va buning uchun qamoqqa tashlandi. Gitler qamoqda o‘tirgan vaqtlarida
o‘zining irqchilik va antisemitizm g‘oyalari hamda Germaniya kelajagi haqidagi qarashlarini
bayon qilib, “Mening kurashim” asarini yozdi.
1930-yillarning boshlariga kelib, Gitlerning populistik xabari va Germaniyaning sobiq
shon-shuhratini tiklash haqidagi va'dasi ko'plab norozi fuqarolarda aks-sado berdi va natsistlar
partiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlash kuchaydi. 1933-yilda bir qator siyosiy manevrlar va yashirin
kelishuvlardan so‘ng Gitler prezident Pol fon Hindenburg tomonidan Germaniya kansleri etib
tayinlandi. Bu Germaniya tarixidagi eng qorong'u bobning boshlanishi edi.
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Hokimiyatga kelganidan keyin Gitler o'zining radikal dasturini amalga oshirish uchun
vaqtni behuda sarfladi. U demokratik institutlarni parchalab tashladi, norozilikni bostirdi va
senzura, tashviqot va davlat tomonidan qoʻllab-quvvatlanadigan terror bilan ajralib turadigan
totalitar rejim oʻrnatdi. Natsistlar rejimi yahudiylar, lo'lilar, LGBTQ+ shaxslari, nogironlar,
siyosiy dissidentlar va boshqa ozchilik guruhlarini muntazam ravishda ta'qib qilgan va
marginallashgan, natijada Holokost, olti million yahudiy va boshqa millionlab odamlarning
"nomaqbul" deb topilgan genotsidi bilan yakunlangan.
Gitlerning tajovuzkor ekspansionistik siyosati Yevropani yana bir halokatli toʻqnashuvga
– Ikkinchi jahon urushiga olib keldi, bu oʻn millionlab odamlarning oʻlimiga va keng koʻlamli
vayronagarchilikka olib keldi. Dastlabki harbiy muvaffaqiyatlarga, jumladan Avstriyaning
anneksiya qilinishiga va Chexoslovakiyaning bosib olinishiga qaramay, Gitlerning haddan
tashqari ta'siri va strategik xatolari Germaniyaning mag'lubiyatiga olib keldi.
Urushning so'nggi kunlarida, Ittifoqchi kuchlar Berlinga yopilganda, Gitler o'zining er osti
bunkeriga chekindi va 1945 yil 30 aprelda mag'lubiyatga uchrashi bilan o'z joniga qasd qildi.
Uning o'limi insoniyat tarixidagi eng qorong'u boblardan birini tugatdi, ammo nafrat, azob-
uqubatlar va tasavvur qilib bo'lmaydigan vahshiylik merosini qoldirdi.
Bugungi kunda, vafotidan qariyb sakson yil o'tib, Adolf Gitlerning nomi nazoratsiz
avtoritarizm, ksenofobiya va nafrat xavfi haqida dahshatli eslatma bo'lib qolmoqda. Uning
hokimiyat tepasiga kelishi va xatti-harakatlarining halokatli oqibatlari fashizm xavfidan, zulmdan
himoya qilishda hushyorlik, demokratiya va inson huquqlari muhimligidan qat’iy ogohlantirish
bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
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