ISSN:
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2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
607
MAHALLA – QADRIYATLAR BESHIGI.
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li
The teacher of History and Philology department,
Asian International University
sadullayevumidjonshokirugli@oxu.uz
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10536016
Annotatsiya. Azaldan ma’naviy qadriyatlar beshigi bo‘lgan mahalla o‘zida xalqning urf-
odat va an’analarini, marosimlarini aks ettirgan. Ularning bardavom bo‘lishini, avloddan-
avlodga o‘tishini ta’minlagan. Bu qadriyatlar asrlar davomida shakllangan, xalqning shuuriga
singib ketgan. O‘zbekistonda an’analar ulug‘lanadi va saqlanadi. Keksalarni hurmat qilish,
qo‘llab-quvvatlash va o‘zaro yordam – bular o‘zbek xalqining nasliga xos fazilatlardir. Mahalla
o‘zbek madaniyatida muhim o‘rin tutadi. U insonlarni birlashtiradi, yaqinlashtiradi, ijtimoiy
holati, millati va dinidan qat‘iy nazar, har bir kishini hurmat qilishga o‘rgatadi. “Mahalla”
so‘zining mohiyatini aniqlash uchun ma’lumotnomaga murojaat qilib, siz quyidagi satrlarni
topishingiz mumkin: hududiy-ma’muriy birlik, O‘rta Osiyoning shaharlari, viloyatlarining
ma’lum bir hududida yashovchi odamlar jamiyati. Biroq bu ta’rifda mahalla atamasini
tushuntirishning faqat bir tomoni keltirilgan. Axir, bu nafaqat yashash joyi, balki mehnatsevarlik,
insonparvarlik, odoblilik kabi fazilatlar ustun bo‘lgan yashash tarzi va tafakkur turi, ko‘p asrlik
an’analardir.
Kalit so’zlar: mahalla, jamoa, urf-odatlar, hashar, oila, oilaviy munosabatlar.
THE NEIGHBORHOOD IS THE CRADLE OF VALUES.
Abstract. The neighborhood, which has been the cradle of spiritual values since time
immemorial, reflects the customs and traditions of the people. He ensured that they would last
from generation to generation. These values have been formed for centuries and have been
absorbed into the consciousness of the people. Traditions are honored and preserved in
Uzbekistan. Respect for the elderly, support and mutual assistance - these are qualities
characteristic of the generation of the Uzbek people. The neighborhood occupies an important
place in Uzbek culture. It unites people, brings them closer, teaches them to respect everyone,
regardless of their social status, nationality and religion. To determine the essence of the word
"neighborhood", referring to the reference book, you can find the following lines: territorial-
administrative unit, a community of people living in a certain area of the cities and regions of
Central Asia. However, this definition provides only one side of the explanation of the term
neighborhood. After all, this is not only a place of residence, but also a way of life and a way of
thinking in which qualities such as hard work, humanity, and decency prevail, as well as centuries-
old traditions.
Key words: neighborhood, community, traditions, hashar, family, family relations.
ЭТОТ РАЙОН ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ КОЛЫБЕЛЬЮ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ.
Аннотация. Район, испокон веков являющийся колыбелью духовных ценностей,
отражает народные обычаи, традиции и обряды. Он гарантировал, что они будут
передаваться из поколения в поколение. Эти ценности формировались веками и
впитывались в сознание народа. В Узбекистане чтят и сохраняют традиции. Уважение к
старшим, поддержка и взаимопомощь – качества, характерные для поколения узбекского
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
608
народа. Район занимает важное место в узбекской культуре. Оно объединяет людей,
сближает их, учит уважать каждого, независимо от социального статуса,
национальности и вероисповедания. Для определения сущности слова «соседство»,
обратившись к справочнику, можно встретить следующие строки: территориально-
административная единица, общность людей, проживающих на определенной
территории городов и районов Средней Азии. Однако это определение дает лишь одну
сторону объяснения термина «соседство». Ведь это не только место проживания, но и
образ жизни и образ мышления, в котором преобладают такие качества, как трудолюбие,
человечность и порядочность, а также многовековые традиции.
Ключевые слова: соседство, община, традиции, хашар, семья, семейные
отношения.
O‘zbekistonda mahalla doimo davlatning tayanchi, boshqaruvning asosi bo‘lib kelgan va
bunday jamiyatda odamlar nafaqat hududiy va qo‘shnichilik aloqalari, balki qarashlari va axloqiy
me’yorlari bilan ham bog‘liq bo‘lgan. Katta yoshli avlod aynan mahallalarda yosh avlodni
tarbiyalaydigan xalq urf-odatlari va an’analarini qadrlab kelgan. Mahalla bir oila bo‘lib yashaydi,
qayg‘uda ham, quvonchda ham bir-birini qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.
O‘tgan yillar davomida mahalla qo‘mitalari bilan ishlashda katta tajriba to‘plandi. 2020-
yilda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining “Jamiyatda ijtimoiy-ma’naviy muhitni
sog‘lomlashtirish, mahalla institutini yanada qo‘llab-quvvatlash hamda oila va xotin-qizlar bilan
ishlash tizimini yangi darajaga olib chiqish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi farmoni qabul qilindi.
Unga ko‘ra, har bir mahallaga "Obod va xavfsiz mahalla" tamoyiliga muvofiq ishlab chiqilgan
yangi tizim kiritiladi.
Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Mahalla va oilani qo‘llab-quvvatlash vazirligi
tashkil etildi."Mahalla" xayriya jamg‘armasi respublikada 1992-yildan beri faoliyat yuritib
kelmoqda va butun mamlakat bo‘ylab moliyaviy yordam ko‘rsatmoqda. So‘nggi besh yilda
mahallalar faoliyatiga oid 20 ga yaqin normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar qabul qilindi, Mashhur
"Mahalla" telekanali ochildi, shu nomdagi katta tirajli gazeta nashr etilmoqda. Shunday qilib,
o‘zbek mahallasi O‘zbekistonda fuqarolik jamiyatining o‘ziga xos institutidir.
U xalqimizning o‘tmishi bilan bugungi kunini bog‘laydi, qiyinchiliklarni yengishda va
jamiyatning ijtimoiy va madaniy rivojlanishi yo‘lida to‘g‘ri yechim topishda yordam beradi.
“Xalqimizning ko‘hna va boy tarixiga nazar tashlasak, Yurtboshimizning quyidagi so‘zlari
qanchalik asosli ekaniga ko‘p bora guvoh bo‘lamiz: “Azaldan o‘zbek mahallasi chinakam milliy
qadriyatlar maskani bo‘lib keladi.
O‘zaro mehr-oqibat, ahillik va totuvlik, ehtiyojmand, yordamga muhtoj kimsalar holidan
xabar olish, yetim-esirlarning boshini silash, to‘y-tomosha, hashar va ma’rakalarni ko‘pchilik
bilan bamaslahat o‘tkazish, yaxshi kunda ham, yomon kunda ham birga bo‘lish kabi xalqimizga
xos urf-odat va an’analar avvalambor mahalla muhitida shakllangan va rivojlangan”
. Mahalla
tuzilmasi oilaviy marosimlar tizimida ham muhim o‘rin tutib, bunda bola tarbiyasi bilan bog‘liq
jamoaviy va milliy an’analar hamda nikoh to‘yi bilan bog‘liq marosimlarni o‘z ichiga oladi.
1
https://multiurok.ru/files/1-mustaqil-ish-tarix.html
ISSN:
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 1 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Farzandning dunyoga kelishi o‘ta murakkab va mashaqqatli jarayonlardan iborat
bo‘lganligi sababli, jamoaning jipsligi hamda hamkorligiga juda kuchli ehtiyoj sezilgan. Shu
sababli farzand tug‘ilishi bilan bog‘liq jarayonlar jamoaning ijtimoiy munosabatlarini
ixchamlashtirib ko‘rsatadigan hodisalardan biri, deb ham tushuniladi. Azaldan o‘zbeklar orasida
bola tug‘ilishi va ularni ma’nan va jismonan barkamol etib tarbiyalash nafaqat ota-ona, shu bilan
birga butun jamoaning majburiyati hisoblangan. Dono xalqimiznng “Bir bolaga yetti mahalla ota-
ona” maqoli bejizga aytilmagan. O‘zbeklarda oila juda muqaddas sanalib, boshqa musulmon
xalqlari kabi oila qurish va farzandli bo‘lish har bir insonning burchi hisoblangan. Shu sababli,
farzandning dunyoga kelishiga “Ollohning buyuk ne’mati” sifatida qaralib, homilani yo‘q qilish
qoralangan
. O‘zbeklar ham chaqaloqning sog‘-salomatligi, tabiati va fe’l-atvori tug‘ilmasadan
avvalroq shakllanishini yaxshi tushunganlar. Shuning uchun, jamoa a’zolarida homilador ayolga
nisbatan yaxshi muomalada bo‘lish, unga alohida yordam berish va qo‘llab-quvvatlash kabi
talablar mavjud bo‘lgan.
Farzand tug’ilishi bilan bog‘liq tabu va taqiqlar o‘zbeklarning ma’nan hamda jismonan
sog‘lom ota-onalarni tayyorlashga qaratilgan milliy hamda an’anaviy ta’lim tarbiyasi mahsuli
hisoblanadi. Bola tarbiyasi go‘dakning homilalik davridan boshlangan. Garchi, taomga bog‘liq
tabular ilmiy jihatdan asossiz va isbotlanmagan bo‘lsa-da, tug‘ilajak bola uchun bo‘lgusi onaning
sifatli taomlar iste’mol qilishi, nojo‘ya harakatlardan o‘zini tiyishi hamda kamsuqum bo‘lishi
bugungi kunga kelib ilmiy jihatdan ham yuqori baholanmoqda.
CHunki turli xil dori-darmon, sigaret va alkogol kabi sog‘liqqa zararli mahsulotlardan
o‘zini tiyishdan qiynalayotgan zamonaviy ota-onalarga saboq vazifasini o‘tamoqda
.Nikoh to‘yi
bilan bog‘liq marosim va urf-odatlar alohida ijtimoiy mazmunga ega bo‘lib, shaxslararo
munosabatlarni ta’minlovchi muhim aloqa vositasi siatida qayd etilgan.
Dunyoning ko‘pgina mamlakatlarida turmush o‘rtog‘ini tanlash uslubiga ko‘ra, nikohni
ikki xil turga bo‘lish keng qabul qilingan:”sevgi nikohi(love marriage) “va “kelishilgan nikoh
arranged marriage”. “Sevgi nikohi – yigit va qiz bir-birini sevishib, ota-onaning roziligi bilan yoki
roziligisiz qurilgan nikohlarni anglatadi. Kelishilgan nikoh esa ikki oila o‘rtasidagi kelishuvga
asoslanib tashkil topgan nikohlar bo‘lib, bunda turmush o‘rtog’ini tanlash huquqi ikki yoshga
emas, ota-ona, buva-buvi yoki yaqin qarindoshlar kabi oila a’zolariga topshiriladi”
“Mustaqillik yillarida esa mahallaning bu azaliy xususiyatlari qatoriga ko‘plab yangi va
mas’uliyatli vazifalar kelib qo‘shildi. CHunonchi, mahallaning huquq va vakolatlari doirasi
sezilarli kengaytirildi. U o‘zini o‘zi boshqarishning g‘oyat xalqona, tabiiy tizimi sifatida jamiyat
hayotini tashkil etishda tobora faol ishtirok etmoqda. Uning bu ishtiroki ham qonuniy, huquqiy
asosga ega bo‘ldi. Davlatchiligimiz tarixida birinchi marta “mahalla” tushunchasi
2
Ҳамроқулова.Б.М. Сурхондарё воҳасида бола тугиилиш ва тарбияси билан боғлиқ урф-одат ва маросимлар
(ХИХ аср охири – ХХ аср бошалри): Тарих фан…номз….дис.- Тошкент,2002,-Б.22-25
1
Тошева.Г.С. ХХ асрда Қашқадарё воҳаси ўзбекларининг никоҳ тўйи маросимлари: Тарих фан.номз..дис.-
Тошкент,2002 – Б.83
2
TARBIYA JARAYONIDA OILA, MAHALLA HAMDA TA'LIM MUASSASALARINING O'ZARO
HAMKORLIGI – тема научной статьи по наукам об образовании читайте бесплатно текст научно-
исследователь ской работы в электронной библиотеке КиберЛенинка
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Konstitutsiyamizga kiritilib, uning jamiyat boshqaruvidagi o‘rni va maqomi qat’iy belgilab
qo‘yildi».
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasining 105-moddasida: «SHaharcha, qishloq va
ovullarda, shuningdek ular tarkibidagi mahallalarda hamda shaharlardagi mahallalarda
fuqarolarning yig‘inlari o‘zini o‘zi boshqarish organlari bo‘lib, ular ikki yarim yil muddatga raisni
(oqsoqolni) va uning maslahatchilarini saylaydi.
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