Тезисы докладов республиканской электронной конференции
«ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК: НОВЫЕ
ВЫЗОВЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРОРЫВА»
34
Nozim G. MUMINOV
Associate Professor, Department
of Economic Theory, National
University of Uzbekistan
FU Djen Yu
Undergraduate National
University of Uzbekistan
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK AND INFRASTRUCTURE INNOVATION
ACTIVITIES OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
The first legislative document regulating state policy to support
innovation activity is the Law of the People's Republic of China
―On the
Implementation of Scientific and Technological
Achievements‖ dated May
15, 1996. Later on, at the 8th session of the NPC Standing Committee of
the 9th convocation on June 29, 2002, the Law was approved China "On
the promotion of science and technology" and the Law of China "On the
promotion of medium and small enterprises."
These regulatory documents are basic and on their basis a number of
regulations were adopted governing certain aspects of innovation activities
in the PRC. The most significant of them are:
•
Notification of the Ministry of Science and Technologies
―On further
encouraging the attraction of private capital to the scientific and
technical innovation
sector‖ dated June 18, 2012;
•
Guiding opinions of the China Banking Regulatory Commission on
innovative tools in the activities of commercial banks of November
29, 2012
On August 29, 2015, a new version of the Law of the PRC
―On the
Introduction of Scientific and Technological
Achievements‖ entered into
force. The law provides for measures of state support in the implementation
of scientific and technological achievements in production at both the
national and regional levels, in particular, the creation of specialized funds,
the implementation of preferential tax policies for scientific institutions that
introduce their achievements in production, support for venture startups,
providing administrative support for projects that are able:
to provide a technological breakthrough and a significant economic
effect or to form new industries that will provide a significant contribution
to economic and social development;
make a significant contribution to the defense and improve public safety;
to introduce energy-saving technologies that can reduce energy
consumption, increase the level of environmental safety, strengthen the
response to climate change;
improve the quality of life and medical care of the population;
Тезисы докладов республиканской электронной конференции
«ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК: НОВЫЕ
ВЫЗОВЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРОРЫВА»
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to ensure the introduction of advanced agro technical technologies and
increase the level of agriculture;
To ensure the development of backward and economically depressed
regions.
The document is a basic regulatory act on the basis of which local
government bodies develop specific methods for supporting R & D.
The main organizational form of infrastructure support for innovative
development is the existing specialized zones and technology parks. The
decision to create such zones and technology parks is taken by the State
Council of the People's Republic of China.
Currently, there are 90 state-level technical and economic
development zones and 114 zones of new and high technologies in China.
Specialized innovation zones created in all provinces of China, in most
major cities.
On the territory of these zones, preferential tax regimes similar to
those in free economic zones operate.
Fig. Main benefits for residents of Chinese industrial technology
parks (on the example of Beijing Zhongguancun Park)
In the PRC, many national programs for the development of the
innovation sphere are developed and implemented.
―zero‖ rate of turnover tax for resident companies that have received the official
status of a ―high-tech enterprise‖ during the first three years of production, a
reduced rate of 7.5% in the next three years and 15% after six years of work
Reduced corporate tax of 10% for enterprises exporting more than 40% of the
output
Reduction of the corporate tax rate by 50% for ―high-tech enterprises‖, who
increased the expenditures on technical modernization in the reporting year by 10%
compared with the previous year
exemption of resident companies and individuals from paying sales tax on
technology transfer and software rights, as well as on transactions in the field of
technical advice and services
"zero" income tax rate for employees of "high-tech enterprises"
Reimbursement to employees of "high-tech enterprises" costs for the purchase of
the first living space and car
Тезисы докладов республиканской электронной конференции
«ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК: НОВЫЕ
ВЫЗОВЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРОРЫВА»
36
Fig. Programs aimed at the innovative development of China
The essence of these targeted national programs is as follows:
•
The
―863‖ program, implemented since 1986 with the aim of developing
the country's scientific and technological potential as the basis for
ensuring stable economic growth in the medium term. As part of the
program, 8 areas are identified as priorities: bioengineering, space
technology, computer science, laser technology, automation, energy,
new materials, technology for the development of the world's oceans;
•
The Iskra program, adopted in 1986 for the development of the rural
economy based on the use of the latest scientific and technological
achievements. Sources of financing - state and bank commercial loans,
funds of agricultural communities;
•
The
―Torch‖ program, implemented by the center of the same name
under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC since 1988, in
order to intensify the introduction of advanced foreign and domestic
developments into production. As part of the program, companies are
provided with financial support from the state budget and assistance in
the commercialization of innovative developments;
•
The
―973‖ program, implemented since 1997 in order to develop basic
research in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the PRC. The
main source of funding is the state budget, the main subjects are
academic research institutes and newly created scientific and technical
laboratories and engineering centers;
The “863” program
the Iskra program
The “Torch” program
The “973” program
The program “Creating New Knowledge”
“Medium and long-term state program of scientific and technological development”
the program "Knowledge Innovation"
Тезисы докладов республиканской электронной конференции
«ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК: НОВЫЕ
ВЫЗОВЫ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННО-ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ПРОРЫВА»
37
•
The program
―Creating New Knowledge‖, implemented since 1998 in
order to create a network of
―international knowledge centers‖ in China
for the development of intellectual innovation in various sectors of the
economy;
•
―Medium and long-term state program of scientific and technological
development‖ from 2006, which identifies current areas of the country's
innovation policy for the period up to 2020;
•
The program "Knowledge Innovation" for 2011-2020.
The main content of legislative documents, infrastructure support for
innovative development, targeted national programs is aimed at the
realization of the task of building a society in China with an innovative
development model, building its own innovative potential and preparing an
adequate personnel reserve for scientific and technical strategies.
