Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38081
METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING TERMS OF GEOGRAPHICAL
OBJECTS IN ENGLISH
Nilufar Isakulova
Doctor of Pedagogical sciences, Professor
The Uzbek State University of World Languages
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
This article describes the methodology of teaching geographical
terms in English. The terminology of each field of knowledge is based on the
conceptual connections of professional knowledge. Also, the characteristics,
diversity of species, meaning, application, tendencies of toponyms related to
geographical objects are considered. Methods of teaching terms in the educational
process are analyzed. “Blitz-survey”, “Classification table”, “Cluster” methods
were used in teaching terms related to geographical objects in English.
Key words:
geographical objects, terms, terminology, sectoral terminology,
professionally oriented texts, teaching methods, interactive methods, "Blitz-
survey" method, "Classification table" method, "Cluster" method, toponym.
Introduction
The terminology of each field of knowledge is based on the conceptual
connections of professional knowledge. Terminology as a set of systematic terms
thus limits and verbally corrects the system of concepts in a particular field of
knowledge. It also focuses on the analysis of the answer to the question of what are
toponyms. This terminological unit often appears in our lives, but we may not be
aware of its proper use.
The main results and findings
Geographical objects - are integral and relatively stable products of the Earth,
whether present or in the past, and characterized by a specific location, of natural
or artificial origin. In the article we will consider the features, diversity of species,
meaning, application, tendencies of toponyms related to geographical objects.
There are many different classes of toponyms related to geographical objects (see
Table 1):
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38082
Table 1.
Classes of toponyms [10]
№
Classes of
toponyms
Terminological units
1.
Oronyms
names calling mountains
2.
Speleonyms
language units called caves
3.
Ladies
used to name restricted locations. They differ in natural and
administrative burials
4.
Urbanonyms
names for inner-city objects
5.
Agronomy
square names
6.
Godonyms
street names
7.
Doronims
names that represent communication paths
8.
Oykonimlar
place names
9.
Commons
names of rural-type settlements
10. Astonyms
signs of cities
11. Hydronyms
names of hydrological objects, including the concepts of potamony,
limnonym, oceanonym, pelagonim and gelanym
Geographical objects are divided into two major groups: natural and man-
made. Natural geographic features include mountains, plains, seas, and rivers.
Man-made geographical objects include cities, bridges, factories, canals. Working
with field terms is an important part of the learning process and should be done
continuously at all stages of learners ’learning. These are terminological works that
form the basis for the formation of specialist language and other professional and
communicative competencies.
A study is required to compile, systematize the names of various
geographical, historical, entographic objects of the country, to classify the names
of geographical objects. Dictionaries in different languages help to study the names
of geographical objects around the world. Including, "Dictionary of modern
geographical names", "Dictionary of geological terms on-line", "Wonders of
nature: reference book", "Towns and sites: Encyclopedic reference book",
"Geographical dictionary of Internet resource", " prirode i zashchite
okrujayushchey sredy ”and others in 4-5 languages [2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9].
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38083
The following methods of teaching the following terms are recommended in
the learning process:
1.
With the explanation, the teacher introduces the term, writes it on the
board or shows it on the screen, and students correct it in notebooks, the term is
explained orally or in writing (for this purpose students are offered a special
dictionary-notebook). The technique of pronouncing the term aloud several times
allows you to practice its correct pronunciation.
2.
The method of determining the semantics and etymology of a term is
especially important in the study of the term of origin in a foreign language.
Knowing the origin of the term, it is necessary to connect its semantic meaning
with the translation into the native language. For example, in an independent
analysis of the terms "biocentrism" and "anthropocentrism", learners find that they
are complex words composed of Greek and Latin words: in the first case, they are
bios (life) and centrum (center), in the second - anthropos (person) and centrum (
center). In addition, students independently compare the concept of “ecology” with
terms, which has a positive effect on the memorization of not only terms but also
concepts. It is an analytical and synthetic method of terminological work.
3.
The same terms are used in different learning situations when learning
new material or at other stages of the classroom system: raising problematic issues
that have been announced by the teacher, noted, used in practical work, and
independently expressed by students.
This method can be used when working with foreign terms of two or more
words, for example, when creating problematic issues and situations in practical
exercises. For example, students are given the concepts of "environmental crisis"
and "environmental disaster." “Ecology” (translated from Greek as “home,
dwelling, dwelling”), “crisis” (biosphere and the state of the environment that
threatens man), and “disaster” (translated from Greek as “overthrow, overthrow,
death ”- an event that occurred as a result of a natural or man-made emergency,
resulting in the death of people or irreparable consequences in the history of the
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38084
object). After discussing and mastering the terms, the teacher suggests linking the
concepts of “environmental crisis” and “environmental disaster” based on the
terms. Learners will also be asked to discuss: what actions of the world community
can bring humanity out of the ecological crisis?
4.
An effective way to work with terms at the stage of consolidating students’
knowledge is to create a cluster. Cluster is a graphical method of systematizing
material by separating semantic units of text. The blocks contain brief information,
the arrows indicate the cause-and-effect relationship. Cluster: involves separating
the semantic units of a text and its graphic design into a cluster. This is important
in the text you are working with:
1. Highlight a basic semantic unit in the form of a keyword or phrase
(topic).
2. Explain the semantic units (information terms) associated with a
keyword.
3. Identify terms with the ideas and facts in the information being
studied.
5. Comparative tables help to systematize terms and draw parallels between
events, happenings, or facts [1].
Time
Joy
Description
Designation
Online training of sectoral terms is as follows:
1) presentation of new vocabulary;
2) automation of lexical skills;
3) organization of repetition of the studied terms and control of students [5].
Popular platforms for the organization of distance learning in the teaching of
industry terms will also be selected (Table 2).):
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38085
Table 2.
Platforms that organize distance learning
№
Platforms
Functions of platforms
1.
Zoom
the most popular platform for organizing audio and video
conferences
2.
Moodle
an e-learning system that includes a range of tasks to teach students
3.
Google Classroom
Google online service to organize distance learning
4.
CORE
An online platform for creating, developing and delivering course
materials
5.
Coursera
the largest online portal for various training programs
Traditionally, in the methodological literature it is common to distinguish
three stages of work with professionally oriented text: pre-text, intra-text and 3)
post-text. It is advisable to recommend the following tasks for the above-mentioned
stages of working with professionally oriented texts ( Table 3)):
Table 3.
A system of assignments for working with professionally oriented text
№
Stages of
working with
professionally
oriented texts
The purpose of the
stages
Assignment system
1.
received the
text
to
understand
the
communicative
component
of
the
presented material, to
understand
the
linguistic and socio-
cultural difficulties
1) identify the main theme of the text
in the picture;
2) find synonyms;
3) find antonyms
2.
in the text
determine the level of
comprehension of the
text
1) read the text, choose the appropriate
picture;
2) read the text and answer questions;
3) fill in the cognitive map after
reading the text;
4) find the title of each paragraph of the
text;
5) express the main content of the text
in one sentence;
6) read the text and divide it into parts;
7) find a synonymous sentence within
the text;
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38086
8) find a generalizing sentence in the
text
3.
after the text
identify the text of primary
and secondary information
1) give examples from the text
confirming that it is a term ...;
2) explain why ...;
3) explain the reason ...;
4) fill in the gaps in the sentences;
5) add the beginning / end of a
sentence;
6) description
Conclusion
The method of "Blitz-survey" was used in teaching terms related to
geographical objects:
Grop’s
estim
ation
Grop’s
m
istak
e
Cor
re
ct
an
swe
r
Pe
rson
ali
ty
m
istak
e
Pe
rson
ali
ty
estim
ation
The terms
The terms
7
Type of
settlements
atlas,
climate,
hemisphere,
latitude, longitude, map, temperature
6
Geographical
points
(volcanic)
eruption,
conflagration,
earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane,
tornado / twister, tsunami
5
Types of land
bay,
beach,
coast,
continent,
estuary, gulf, island, peninsula
4
Water resources
canal, lake, ocean, ocean current,
pool / pond, river, sea, spring,
stream
3
Beach, coasts
desert, equator, forest, highlands,
jungle,
lowlands,
oasis,
swamp,
tropics, tundra
2
Cataclysms
cape, cliff, glacier, hill, mountain,
mountain range / mountain chain, pass,
peak, plain, plateau, summit, valley,
volcano
1
Others
area, capital, city, country, district,
region, state, town, village
The names of geographical objects beginning with the article are studied on the
basis of the method of "Classification table":
Cardinal
points
Poles, hemispheres
Regions
Countries
the North
the South
the East
the West
the North Pole
the South Pole
the Far East
the north of
Canada
the Middle
the Philippines
the Netherlands
the United States of
America
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38087
the Western
Hemisphere / the
western hemisphere
the Highlands
the United Arab Emirates
the Baltic States
The "Cluster" method is used to study the terms related to geographical
objects (
oceans,
straits
,
seas
,
rivers
,
canals
/
channels
,
currents
):
References:
1. 5 effective techniques of terminological work. Electronic resource: 5
effective methods of terminological work - EduNeo Date of access: 11/17/2021.
2. Geographical directory. Electronic resource: http://www.rui-tur.ru. Date
of access: 13.10.2021.
3. Cities and capitals: Encyclopedic reference book. Electronic resource:
http://www.bibliotekar.ru/encGoroda/. Date of access: 13.10.2021.
4. Catalog of Internet resources about nature and environmental protection.
Electronic resource: http://www.priroda.ru/list/ Date of access: 13.10.2021.
5. Miloserdova E.M. Methods of teaching professional terminology in the
context of distance learning // Bulletin of the Tambov University. Series:
Humanities 2021. - T. 26. - No. 193. - P. 120-125.
Water
resources
oceans
rivers
straits
seas
oceans
oceans
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
38088
6. Dictionary of modern geographical names. Electronic resource:
http://www.igras.ru/index.php?r=169. Date of access: 13.10.2021.
7. Dictionary of geological terms on-line. Electronic resource:
http://dic.academic.ru/contents.nsf/geolog/. Date of access: 13.10.2021.
8.
Dictionary
of
geographical
terms.
Electronic
resource:
http://www.glossary.ru/cgi-bin/gl_paph.cgi?R4uu4Prgtlyg!Hlsr9). Date of access:
13.10.2021.
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(wikipedia.org). Date of access: 13.10.2021.
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