Лингвокультурологическая характеристика военных терминология современного английского языка

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Kurganov, A. (2019). Лингвокультурологическая характеристика военных терминология современного английского языка. in Library, 19(3), 214–218. извлечено от https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/archive/article/view/12242
Anvar Kurganov, Академия МВД Республики Узбекистан

Начальник кафедры узбекского языка и иностранных языков МВД Республики Узбекистан

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Аннотация

The article highlights the variety of linguistic features of military terminology on the example of the combat regulations of the US Army “Ranger Textbook”. The morphological and syntactic features of military documents were analyzed. It presents the distinctive features of the Charter. The concept of military terminology has also been considered.

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Prospects of world science - 2019

Volume 10

214

LINGUO-CULTUROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILITARY

TERMINOLOGY OF THE MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Anvar Mukhtorovich Kurganov

Deputy chief of the Languages learning

Department of the Academy of the

Ministry of Internal Affairs of the

Republic of Uzbekistan

Annotation

The article highlights the variety of linguistic features of military terminology

on the example of the combat regulations of the US Army “Ranger Textbook”. The

morphological and syntactic features of military documents were analyzed. It presents

the distinctive features of the Charter. The concept of military terminology has also

been considered.

Keywords

: military documents, “Ranger Textbook”, military materials,

military terminology.

Criminal Code of military terminology includes all words and combinations

denoting military concepts associated with the armed forces, war, military affairs. In

general, these concepts are little known or completely unknown. The formation of

military terms takes place in the usual ways of word-formation characteristic of

English: morphological and lexical-semantic methods, by borrowing from other areas

of science and technology, as well as from other languages, as well as on the basis of

word combinations.

The linguo-culturological characteristic of English military terminology is

heterogeneous. Along with unambiguous terms that have clear semantic boundaries,

there are also many-valued terms, for example, the term security means
обеспеченность; обеспечение, боевое обеспечение, охранение; безопасность,
засекреченность; контрразведка;


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armor; броня; бронетанковые войска; танки; the terms unit and command

have up to ten or more meanings; consequently, the polysemy of even one-component

terms makes it difficult for them to correctly understand and translate, the adequacy of

which fully depends on the context and situation.

Saturation with special terminology is a characteristic property of military

materials. Military materials usually include military-publicistic, military-political,

military-scientific and military-technical materials, military art materials and acts of

military administration.

Scientific and technical documents and acts of administration related to the life

and activities of the troops and military establishments of the armed forces are usually

attributed to military materials, and military-fiction literature, military journalism and

military-political materials are only military in their focus and subject matter. those

features that are inherent in all socio-political, journalistic and artistic texts.

Military materials and documents are replete with special terminology, which

is equally relevant both directly to military affairs and to various technical fields, which

is used in the army. Words in military documents are used primarily in subject-logical,

vocabulary meanings. In order to avoid inaccuracies and ambiguities of interpretation,

contextual meanings are practically not used.

The language of military orders is significantly different from the language of

business and diplomatic documents. In military documents, there are often simple

sentences with gerundial, infinitive, prepositional turns. Compound sentences with

more than its subordinate clause are rare. A characteristic feature of military documents

is ellipticity. Here, modal verbs are often omitted in the same way as other sentence

members.

Due to the characteristic communicative and functional orientation, all military

materials and documents, without exception, are distinguished by special military

vocabulary. They often use scientific, technical and military terminology, variable-

resistant phrases peculiar only to the military sphere of communication, abbreviations

and conventions used only in military materials and documents. We reviewed their
features on the example of the US Army Ranger Handbook (“Ranger’s Textbook”),

which was released in 2000 for the needs of the US Army. This book is designed both

for cadets of the rangers training brigade and for all military personnel of the 75th

infantry regiment of the rangers of the US Army.


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The book is equipped with applications that consider the organizational

structure, the basics of combat use and training units of the US Army Rangers.

The Charter “Ranger’s Textbook” is located at the junction of two

multifunctional language styles - scientific, technical, and official business; the

advantage of one of them changes depending on the topic of a particular section - from

the order of command of armies and troops to the direction of the adopted radio station.

The statute of the official business style is related to the wide use of impersonal

and imperative sentences, cliché constructions, which are expressed in infinitive and

participial turns, the use of multiple parallel constructions within one sentence, the

practical absence of tense verbs, the absolute absence of tropes. From the scientific and

technical style in the Charter one can observe a large number of highly specialized

terms, the organization and structure of the material used, the presence of techniques,

diagrams and illustrations. Without exception, all are associated with a specific

functional load that determines the military field of communication: limitations,

conciseness, accuracy and clarity of language, reliability and clarity of presentation.

The subject of the Charter is very extensive. If we compare it with the Charter

of the Russian Army, the “Ranger Textbook” has the maximum similarity with the

current charter with elements of the disciplinary charter and the charter of internal

service. The Ranger's Textbook opens with the Ranger's Oath. In terms of function, it

is similar to the military oath (oath) of the Charter of the Russian Army, but the most

extensive and, the only document of all, saturated with vivid means of artistic

expression. In the Ranger's Oath, epithets and emotionally colored elements of the

vocabulary come across: they are almost absent in other sections of the document.

The main part of the Charter consists of fifteen chapters devoted to issues such

as the basics of command and control of armies, tactical military abilities, radio

communications, movement, deviation and survival principles, provision of support

and assistance. The chapters are structured and divided into sub-paragraphs, from

within which, moreover, the exact composition of the structure is broken: more

generally, this is the introductory part, revealing the subtitle problem, and

prescriptions, drawn up in the form of a bulleted or numbered list or table.

the Charter are absent:


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1) multi-valued phrases and words. Almost without exception, phrases and

words are used in one, less often in two meanings in order to avoid a double explanation

of the text.

2) synonymous rows. The language of army documents, due to its own

pragmatic orientation, seeks to minimize the use of language means, correctness and

brevity, its synonyms are superfluous and redundant and, just as a consequence, the

Charter does not use in any way.

3) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary. Often used in the oral speech of the

military, it is completely absent in official documents.

4) emotionally colored lexical components and idioms.

The stylistic means of the lexical level include definitions (military and general

scientific or general technical), the advantage of abstract vocabulary over a certain

predetermined subject (the percentage of a certain vocabulary is much greater in the

segments devoted to radio channel modifications, weapons and ammunition),

abbreviations and abbreviations.

From the point of view of syntax, the Ranger's Oath traces a large number of

attributive and adverbial constructions, characteristic of the artistic style, complex

sentences, complicated by participial and verbal participations and inversion:

Recognizing that I’m Volunteered as a Ranger, I’m Respecting the Corps of

the Rangers. - Understanding that I am a Ranger, fully aware of the danger of my

chosen profession, I will constantly strive to maintain the prestige, honor and high

military spirit of the Rangers.

Never shall I fail my comrades I will always keep myself mentally alert,

physically strong, and morally straight and I will shoulder more than my share of the

task whatever it may be, one hundred percent and then some. – Я никогда не оставлю
своих друзей, всегда буду внимательным, сильным физически и нравственно
устойчивым, и буду выполнять не только лишь свою часть военный задачи, в
каком месте бы она не возникла, но и всю её и даже больше.

One of the most important linguocultural properties for any terminology,

including military terminology, is its systemic conditionality, namely, a certain

dependence of the terms from each other. This kind of systematicity is not typical of

Russian military terminology, but hierarchical systematicity is characteristic of all


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types of terminology, i.e. the presence of specific and generic concepts, the relationship

between concepts related to a particular field of knowledge.

Currently in the field of terminology is the process of its improvement and

evaluation. Most of the new terms are often used for other purposes and require

scientific explanation, it is sometimes very difficult to understand them, therefore, in

modern conditions while improving the statutory documents, it became necessary to

solve the problem of military terminology in order to clarify the basic linguistic

concepts and categories of knowledge systems about war and military security through

the relevant terms in the form of definitions.

Reference

1.Ranger Handbook SH 21-76: Field Manual / Field Manual Headquarters. –

Department of the Army. – Washington, DC, 2006. – 327 p.

2. Basics of word production in English military terminology // Theory and

practice of scientific research. Part II. - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Publishing house

KamchatGTU, 2006. - P.168.

3. Nelyubin L.L. The textbook of military translation. English / L.L.Nelyubin,

A.A. Dormidontov, A.A.Vasilchenko. - M .: Military Publishing, 1981. - C.379.

4.Jespersen, O.A. Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 6.

Morphology / O.A. Jespersen. - London, 1946. - 550-551p.

5.Shevchuk, V.N. Military Terminology System in Statistics and Dynamics /

VN Shevchuk. - M., 1985. - P.94.



Библиографические ссылки

Ranger Handbook SH 21-76: Field Manual / Field Manual Headquarters. -Department of the Army. - Washington, DC, 2006. - 327 p.

Basics of word production in English military terminology // Theory and practice of scientific research. Part II. - Pctropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Publishing house KamchatGTU, 2006. - P.168.

Nelyubin L.L. The textbook of military translation. English / L.L.Nelyubin, A.A. Dormidontov, A.A.Vasilchenko. - M .: Military Publishing, 1981. - C.379.

Jespersen, O.A. Modem English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part 6. Morphology/O.A. Jespersen. - London, 1946. - 550-55Ip.

Shevchuk, V.N. Military Terminology System in Statistics and Dynamics / VN Shevchuk. - M„ 1985. - P.94.

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