“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
70
3/2020
(№
00047)
IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
Kholikova R.S., PhD. student of TSUE
E-mail:
Abstract:
This article reveals the concept and essence of implementation and
development of digital technologies in agricultural sphere, considers its impact on the
agriculture: to feed a growing population, to meet the demand for quality food products
and services, on improving the efficiency and profitability of agriculture.
Keywords:
digitalization, information technology, cluster-network system, cloud
technology, agriculture, agro product, digital economy.
Introduction
Currently, the introduction of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan is
indeed a serious driver of effective growth for the economy of our country. Our country's
high intellectual potential, well-developed telecommunications infrastructure, efficiently
operating high-tech enterprises form the necessary environment for the introduction and
further development of an innovative economy.
In this regard, digital transformation is one of the main trends in the global
economy. Advanced countries have already developed a number of tools to get away from
the trivial methods of doing business and public administration, and are successfully using
them in practice. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that the Republic of
Uzbekistan is only embarking on the path of creating the economy of the future, and
therefore the term “digital economy” may not be fully understood. The starting point for
the development of the digital economy in our republic can be considered the Message of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev in his message to the Oliy
Majlis “...
it is necessary to launch a large-scale system program for the development of
the economy of a new technological generation, the so-
called digital economy”
[1].
The easiest way for digital transformation is in the high-tech industries associated
with the development and distribution of software. In addition, the financial sector and the
service sector are rapidly modernizing. Among industrial enterprises, noticeable progress is
seen in the chemical industry, mechanical engineering, FMCG production. Almost all
industries are inevitably involved in the global digitalization process [2].
The modern economy is post-industrial, and it is often called the new, innovative,
economy of knowledge, competencies, network interaction. It should be noted that this
series of definitions, on the one hand, has different meanings, and on the other hand,
characterizes the same period of economic activity. The combination of two industries -
the agro-industrial complex (AIC) and software development (software) - opens up great
opportunities for Uzbekistan.
As it is considered, agriculture is not attractive because of the long production cycle,
which was exposed to natural risks and large crop losses during cultivation, harvesting and
storage, the inability to automate biological processes and the lack of progress in
increasing productivity. and innovation. The use of information technology in agriculture
“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
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(№
00047)
was limited to the use of computers and software, mainly for financial management and
business tracking. Not so long ago, farmers began to use digital technology to monitor
crops, livestock and various elements of the agricultural process.
Technologies developed, and a sharp leap in attention to the segment occurred
when technology companies turned their attention to agriculture, which, together with
partners, learned to control the full cycle of crop production or livestock production using
smart devices that transmit and process the current parameters of each of them, the
object and its environment (equipment and sensors that measure the parameters of soil,
plants, microclimate, animal characteristics, etc.), as well as unhindered communication
channels between them and external partners. By combining objects into a single network,
exchanging and managing data based on the Internet of things, increasing computer
performance, developing software and cloud platforms, it became possible to automate
the maximum number of agricultural processes by creating a virtual (digital) model of the
entire production cycle and creating interconnected chain links, as well as with
mathematical precision, plan a work schedule, take emergency measures to prevent losses
in case of fixed the risks, calculate the possible yield, production costs and profits.
Research methodology
During the research there have been used a number of methods, including
comparative analysis, logical analysis, analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction
methods. The research methodology of given article is conducted with quantitative data. It
can be seen, the article is written to prove basic fundamental-theoretical aspects of the
cotton industry entities and how to manage them in order to minimize the expenses and
receive more profit for the company. Furthermore, quantitative methods are based on
data that can be objectively measured with numbers.
Analyses and results
“Goldman Sachs predicts that next
-generation technology can increase global
agricultural productivity by 70% by 2050”
[3].
Agriculture is on the verge of the Second Green Revolution. Experts estimate that
thanks to precision farming technologies based on the Internet of things, a surge in yields
of a scale that mankind has not seen even at the time of the advent of tractors, the
invention of herbicides and genetically modified seeds.
The world's population is growing. In 30 years, humanity will need 1.7 times more
food than it produces now. For this purpose it is necessary to modernize agriculture
seriously.
According to UN forecasts, the world population by 2050 will reach 9.8 billion
people, to feed it, it is necessary to increase food production by 70% [4].
This means that farmers must change the production processes, make them as
efficient as possible. The technologies have evolved, became cheaper and have advanced
to such a level that for the first time in the history of the industry it has become possible to
obtain data on each agricultural object and its environment, mathematically accurately
calculate the algorithm of actions and predict the result.
The industry, which was the farthest from IT, began to receive data. And with them
inquiries for vacancies of specialists in the field of Big Data, Data Science, mathematics,
analytics, robotics.
“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
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Digitalization and automation of the maximum number of agricultural processes is
included as a conscious need for a development strategy for the largest agro-industrial and
engineering companies in the world.
By 2010, there were no more than 20 high-tech agricultural companies in the world,
and for the period 2013-2016. Investors have already invested more than 1,300 new
technology startups totaling more than $ 11 billion in 4 years. A new investment segment,
AgroTech (Agrotech), was formed, which in 2014 overtook FinTech (Fintech). Moreover,
Canada, India, China, and Israel are also notably active [5].
A long value chain of agricultural products and a large number of unresolved
problems in the industry that can be solved using IT and automation is one of the main
reasons for the investment attractiveness of the industry.
Nowadays elements and modern IT instruments in agriculture are [6]:
•
SMT: GPS / Glonass trackers, fuel sensors
•
Animal Activity Sensors / Boluses
•
Personal Identifiers (RFID Cards, IButton)
•
Parallel driving systems
•
Precision farming systems
•
UAV / Drones
•
Smart weather stations
•
Weight measuring instruments
•
IP cameras
•
Smartphones / Tablets
•
Animal milking systems
•
ERP systems
The concept and essence of the digital technologies in agriculture.
The standard processing schedule (continuous irrigation, fertilizer, chemicalization)
do not take into account local characteristics and natural variability and lead to an
ineffective result - over-use of resources or undetected problems. Drought or excess
moisture, lack or excess of fertilizer, weeds and insects require immediate intervention. An
outbreak of the disease may occur unexpectedly and it is not always easy to determine its
cause; with late detection and mistreatment, the disease can destroy part of the crop.
During the season, the farmer has to make more than 40 different decisions: what
seeds to plant, when to plant, how to treat them, how to treat a diseased plant, etc., how
to cope with situations threatening the well-being of the field. The lack of information for
decision making leads to the fact that in the process of planting, growing, caring for crops
up to 40% of the crop is lost. During harvesting, storage and transportation another 40% is
lost. Moreover, as scientists have revealed, besides the weather, 2/3 of the loss factors can
be controlled today using automated control systems (Hi-Tech Management) [5].
The task of IT is to maximize automation of all stages of the production cycle to
reduce losses, increase business productivity, and optimize resource management. But
even in this case, the result applies only to plants ready for harvesting or animals, but does
not guarantee profit, because the crop still needs to be collected, stored, carried out
primary processing and transported to the buyer / consumer. Further automation
represents a higher level of digital integration, which affects the most complex
organizational changes in the business, but their implementation can dramatically affect
“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
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the profit and competitiveness of products and the company as a whole. Integration of the
received data with various intelligent IT applications that process them in real time realizes
a revolutionary shift in decision-making for the farmer, providing the results of the analysis
of multiple factors and the rationale for subsequent actions. Moreover, the more sensors,
sensors and field controllers are connected to a single network and exchange data, the
more intelligent the information system becomes and the more useful information it can
provide to the user.
According to experts in the Uzbekistan, the general level of automation and
informatization of agricultural enterprises is not satisfactorily developed.
Even the elementary supply of farms with the simplest information technologies - a
computer with access to the global information network "Internet" today is an
overwhelming problem for Uzbek farms. Meanwhile, based on statistics, we can observe
the following picture of the use of information technology in agriculture around the world
(see table. 1).
Table 1.
Farmers using the information technologies (Data for 2018) [7]
Country
Number
of
farms
Number of farmers using
computers
Number of farmers using
internet
number
%
number
%
Norway
70 000
52 000
74.3
40 000
57.1
Denmark
60 000
48 000
80
30 000
50
Finland
80 000
50 000
62.5
40 000
50
Netherland
100 000
60 000
60
50 000
50
Switzerland
30 000
24 000
80
14 000
46.7
Great Britain
80 000
60 000
75
30 000
37.5
Germany
170 000
75 000
44.1
55 000
32.4
Japan
426 000
144 000
33.8
52 000
12.2
Spain
100 000
45 000
45
10 000
10
France
330 000
110 000
33.3
25 000
7.5
Italy
260 000
80 000
30.8
10 000
3.8
Poland
200 000
100 000
50
5 000
2.5
Czech
175 000
30 000
17.1
4 000
2.3
Russia
275 000
9 000
3.3
3 000
1.1
The table shows that the most intensive use of information technology occurs
in the European Union. At the same time, the use of computers for communication
with the global Internet rarely exceeds 50%. Many of the farmers work to provide
food for themselves and their loved ones, and do not consider it necessary to
increase the informatization and automation of their farms. But recently in the
sphere of agro-industrial complex huge efforts on introduction of information
technologies are made. First of all it concerns programs of optimization of
placement of agricultural crops in zonal systems of crop rotation and rations of
feeding of animals. Applied computer programs on calculation of doses of fertilizers,
regulation of a mode of food of plants in greenhouses, and also on management of
technological processes in processing and storage of meat and meat products are
“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
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developed. There are programs for the complex of land management and land
management.
Currently, the Republic of Uzbekistan occupies the 76th place in the world in
the development of the digital economy based on the BCG rating. The calculation of
the BCG digitalization index is based on the growth dynamics of online spending and
user activity. However, like most indices, the BCG digitalization index is a statistical
indicator that has a share of conventionality [8].
Conclusions and recommendations
The agro-industrial complex (AIC) is the most important intersectoral complex.
It was created to provide the population with food and is one of the main priorities
of the economy. AIC is a complex bioeconomic production system. Its central link is
agricultural production, the main resources of which, along with tools and labor
resources, are land, climate, weather, which together constitute a bioclimatic
potential.
In the world of digital technology, innovative technologies for effective
management should be introduced in all spheres of life. New challenges in
agriculture: to feed the growing world population, to satisfy the demand for high-
quality food products and services are no less acute problems of increasing labor
efficiency, profitability of the agricultural enterprise.
1. The digital economy has enormous potential for promoting economic
development in all areas, as well as in agriculture.
2. The Internet significantly activates the existing markets for goods, services and
labor, as well as the principles of the functioning of the agricultural sector.
3. Directions for further research are seen in the development of proposals to
address the problems of digital transformation of the agro sector, in the
development of a system for ensuring digital economic security.
4. For these purposes, the republic should work on the creation of technology parks,
research and production clusters and other innovative projects, the widespread and
accessible training of farmers of digital literacy, the introduction of digital
technologies, ensuring the coverage of the country`s rural area with the Internet
with a network of 5G or higher, and the introduction of electronic management in
the activities of farms.
5. All these measures will require huge financial investments from the state, trained
specialists to educate employees of farms and the population in the basics of the
digital economy, but this is a dictate of the time and the requirements of advanced
information technologies that will be put at the service of the people.
6. Thus, the Digital Uzbekistan-2030 program is not just another major state project
of the country, it is an important aspect of the innovation activity of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, the main purpose of which is not only to achieve a high level of
development, but also to integrate and interact with developed countries of the
world.
“Iqtisodiyot va innovatsion texnologiyalar” ilmiy elektron jurnali. № 3, may-iyun, 2020 yil
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References
1. Speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoyev to
Oliy Majlis,
dated December 28, 2018 // People’s Word, dated December 29, 2018.
2. Odintsov S.A., Vashchenko A.V. The development of theories of the
information society and the concept of "Cyber-space" // Political Mathematical
Network Electronic Scientific Journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University. 2016.
No. 121. S. 1-14.
3. http://
www.goldmansachs.com›worldwide
4. http://www.un.org/en/sections/observances/united-nations-observances
5. http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php
6. http://agrarnyisector.ru
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