В статье исследуется опыт развитых стран в обеспечении занятости населения, выделяются факторы, вызывающие безработицу. Уровень занятости и безработицы в стране, их изменения и занятость анализируются по отраслям. Также были разработаны предложения по обеспечению занятости и сокращению безработицы.
В данной статье было проведено социологическое исследование на тему «Оценка потенциала человеческого капитала в повышении качества жизни этносоциальных групп» в сходах жителей Таджикистана и Кыргызстана, имеющих наибольшую долю узбекского населения в районах Ферганской долины. На основе анализа ряда показателей повышения качества жизни этносоциальных групп мы попытались более глубоко изучить сущность данного исследования. А также уровень соответствия доходов этносоциальных групп сегодняшним запросам, вопросы здоровья, отдыха и досуга, социальной среды и социальных отношений по соседству, уровень удовлетворенности этносоциальных групп процессами, происходящими в обществе, значимость социальных сетей в социальном образе жизни, исследовано состояние социальной защищенности и ее этноидентификационные характеристики, разработан ряд выводов, предложений и рекомендаций.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative, progressive disease of the macular region of the retina, which is the leading cause of central vision loss in older people in developed countries. Purpose of the study. to study the incidence rates of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of regions. Material and methods: based on the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, data from the reporting documentation of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Eye Microsurgery, a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of indicators of general and primary morbidity of AMD for the period from 2010 to 2019 in the context of regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the city of Tashkent was carried out and statistical methods. Research results.Аnalysis of the overall morbidity showed that relative to 2010, the indicators had some downward trend - in 2011 - 15.09, in 2012 - 14.73, but since 2013 they have been growing and in 2019 increased by 7.25 per 100 thousand population relative to 2010 (from 16.30 to 23.55 per 100 thousand population). An analysis of the primary incidence of AMD indicates that the rates are steadily growing from 3.60 in 2010 to 8.38 per 100 thousand population in 2019 (by 4.78). Conclusions. For the first time, the indicators of the incidence of AMD in the Republic of Uzbekistan for a 10 year period are presented, which indicate a high level, in comparison with developed countries, a growth trend and uneven numbers in the regions, which requires organizational and other decisions.
Изучение показателей инвалидности офтальмопатологией имеет очень большое значение для решения самых разнообразных научных и практических задач в здравоохранении. Анализ данных литературы показал, что полностью отсутствуют региональные исследования по ВМД, дающие основной выход на инвалидность.Целью исследования явилось - изучение состояния и динамики инвалидности вследствие ВМД в Республике Узбекистан и городе Ташкенте за период с 2010 по 2019 годы. Результаты. Впервые представлены показатели общей и первичной инвалидности в Узбекистане, которые составляют на 2019 год 3,44 и 0,61 на 100 тысяч взрослого населения соответственно. Общая и первичная инвалидность в городе Ташкенте составляет на 2019 год 1,02 и 0,43 на 100 тысяч населения соответственно. Уровень инвалидности за период изучения с 2010 по 2019 год не снизился.Достижение наиболее высоких показателей при комплексном подходе возможно лить в том случае, если эти мероприятия осуществляются своевременно и с соблюдением этапности, преемственности и непрерывности.
According to the World Health Organization, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection. In this regard, the attention of pediatricians and otolaryngologists is attracted by acute stenosing -laryngotracheitis (ASLT). According to the data of many years of research, the number of patients with ASLT ranges from 0.1 to 0.4% of all children hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. The development of stenosing laryngotracheitis in acute respiratory viral infection (AR.VI) dramatically aggravates the condition of sick children, and sometimes the life of a child depends on its attachment to the underlying disease.
Since the first days of independence , large-scale reforms have been consistently implemented in our country in order to improve the quality of medical care for the population . Thus, effective medical care for children ensured timely detection, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with ASLT, which made it possible to reduce the duration of their treatment in the hospital by 3-4 days.
Despite numerous scientific studies devoted to the study of the patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, the role of dysbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, the process of endogenous intoxication (El), which develops as a result of illness in children and its relationship with the course of the disease, as well as the state of the system of local and general immunity dictate the need to improve the methods of their correction in the light of modern requirements. At the same time, the causes of recurrence of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis have not been fully determined; an important task is to develop prognostic criteria for assessing the outcomes of OSLT.
Given the dissertation research to a certain extent serves to solve the problems provided for in the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-2133 dated February 19, 2014 “On the State Program" The Year of a Healthy Child ’’and No. PP-2221 dated August 1, 2014 “On the State Program for Further Strengthening reproductive health of the population, protection of the health of mothers, children and adolescents in Uzbekistan for the period 2014-2018”, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
Scientific research aimed at improving the methods of complex diagnostics, treatment and prevention of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children was carried out in many leading medical centers, such as the Schneider Children's Medical Center (Israel), Giessen University Hospital (Germany), St. Mary's Children's Clinic (Germany), Center of Innovative Medicine Interbalkan (Greece), Generale Clinic (Switzerland), Royal Clinic (Great Britain), Queens Medical Center (Great Britain), IDIBAPS Clinic (Spain), St. Luke's Hospital (Japan), Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia (Russia) , as well as the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute and the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatrics (Uzbekistan).
As a result of the studies, criteria for assessing the risk of occurrence and recurrent course of OSLT were developed, the mechanisms that determine the sensitivity of the respiratory tract were identified (Freiburg Clinic, Germany); established endocrine dysfunction in children with primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (Children's Hospital, Ireland); the influence of the composition of the microflora of the main loci of the body, connective tissue dysplasia, regulatory systems on the function of external respiration, the formation of threshold sensitivity and reactivity of the respiratory tract in children with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT) was proved (Melbourne University, Australia).
At present, the goal of many studies in the world is to further determine at the immunomolecular level the role of specific and non-specific factors of immune protection in the pathogenesis of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis; assessment of the state of non-specific protection during OSLT; study of significant changes in the cellular link of immunity, changes in T-suppressors and partially B-lymphocytes; as well as the prevention of relapses and the improvement of methods for diagnosing and treating the disease.
As the analysis of special literature showed, a number of researchers studied the role of the allergic component and the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of the development of primary and recurrent OSLT. According to the results obtained, more than 90% of sick children in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is dominated by allergic component with the identification of common and allergen-specific IgE . In addition, it has been proven that the development of OSLT in parainfluenza infection is associated with a significant increase in IgE titer and specific IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions in children with ARVI. The mechanisms of OSLT recurrence based on a significant change in the immunological reactivity of the body, which are associated with its allergization by both infectious and non-infectious agents, including adverse environmental, seasonal, meteorological and even social conditions, have been studied. It has been proven that OSLT proceeds with vegetative disorders, which, in turn, have a significant impact on the course and outcome of the underlying disease. An improved treatment of OSLT at the height of the disease is proposed, based on the use of drags, taking into account the type of initial vegetative tone of the body.
Despite numerous works devoted to the study of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, its diagnosis and methods of treatment, the trend towards an increase in the recurrence of the disease persists, which dictates the need to study the general patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, assess the significance of the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, disorders of the immune and interferon statuses and development of ways to correct them, predict the disease on the basis of a prognostic map, as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures.