Uzbekistan is moving into a more complex phase of socio-economic reforms. An important mediumterm task is to ensure the inclusiveness and transparency of reforms. At the same time, a significant amount of the shadow economy hinders the processes of achieving Uzbekistan’s strategic goals. The presence of a shadow economy in Uzbekistan, in our opinion, is a system-forming problem. Even officially, the shadow economy of Uzbekistan is estimated at 48% of the country’s GDP. A high level of shadow turnover remains in the service sector, especially in trade and public catering, road transport, housing construction and repair, and the provision of accommodation services. Despite the achieved results of the reforms, the republic’s economy remains predominantly not free, which ultimately contributes to the departure of entrepreneurs to the shadow sector. Let us single out that the shadow economy in Uzbekistan is able to act as a catalyst for social tension in society. To reduce it, it is necessary to help the population to work legally, to interest them in this. It is important to minimize the control functions and powers of ministries and departments that contribute to the risks of the shadow economy and corruption, formation in society of a feeling of intolerance towards it, promotion of the prestige of legal business
The tax burden indicator plays an important role in ensuring the economic stability of the country and determines the place of taxes in the economic life of the society. In most countries, in the analysis of the level of the current tax burden, the assessment methodology is widely used by the ratio of state budget revenues to GDP. It represents the tax burden at the macroeconomic level and may differ slightly from its level in some entities.
In the framework of the research, the main substance is provision of the fact that inflation is, undoubtedly, one of basic macroeconomic categories, which requires the use of rational and effective mechanisms to achieve quality economic growth along with increase in public wealth. Presented some views of economists on origin and specifics of inflation. The main purpose of this paper is to comprehend investigation of inflation as well as to determine what kind of factors influence on its current significant growth along with provision of analysis of trends of inflation for certain period.
This article analyzes the dynamic changes of macroeconomic indicators of the Russian Federation such as GDP, inflation and unemployment rate, external debt, interest rates, etc. Factors influencing to these changes also have been investigated. We have also studied views of scientists about COVID 19 which have been impacting on the Russian economy and we have also provided some analytical data.
Узбекистан является одной из самых быстроразвивающихся стран Центральной Азии. За последние годы
страна добилась значительных успехов в области экономики, социальной сферы и международных отношений. Эти достижения делают Узбекистан показателем центральноазиатского феномена развития. В данной статье автор показывает всю историю развития Республики Узбекистан за годы незавивисимости, делая акцент на то, что ее интенсивная внутренняя и внешняя политика делают ее феноменом региона.
This article discusses the problems of the effectiveness of the current system of remuneration of the teaching staff of higher educational institutions and develops scientific
recommendations for determining the amount of wages that stimulate their work and ultimately increase the effectiveness of their scientific and pedagogical activities.
This research is conducted to describe the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on several macroeconomic variables such as sustainable economic growth (GDP growth), unemployment
rate(U), export (EXP) and trade openness (TO) in France and studying investment policy in order to use some effective methods in Uzbekistan.
Мазкур тадқиқот ишида Ўзбекистон ЯИМ таркибида кичик бизнес ва хусусий тадбиркорликнинг улуши, мазкур корхоналарда таҳлилий ишларнинг амалга ошириш масалалари ёритилган. Маҳсулот ишлаб чиқариш ҳажми орқали эришиладиган кўрсаткичларнинг назарий ва амалий жиҳатлари очиб берилган.
The article discusses the ways to overcome the problem of insolvency in the current global economic crisis. It also discusses in detail the ways to overcome the problem of insolvency. Opinions and conclusions were formed on insolvency, macroeconomic stability, competitiveness of the national economy, investment environment, strengthening of payment discipline.
The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
The article assesses the state of economic development of the agricultural sector of the Andijan region, the factors affecting them, the dynamics of the development of industries, the role of the region's economy in macroeconomic indicators.
In the world scientific literature, it is traditionally customary to highlight a significant tax burden, excessive regulation of organizational and economic activities and a significant share of the state in the total volume of turnover in the economy as the main reasons for the shadow economy’s emergence and development. The key prerequisites for the formation and growth of the shadow economy are the emergence and development of a structural and economic crisis in the country’s economy, significant government intervention in the economy, and the build-up and intensification of competition. And, as a result, typical features of the shadow economy include the avoidance of taxes by economic entities, the presence of hidden unemployment, a significant level of corruption, the existence of barter trade, the withdrawal of domestic capital abroad, and the presence of a «double» accounting system. Thus, as statistics and practice of economic indicators of recent decades have shown, shadow activities in the micro-, meso- and macromarkets pose a threat to the economic security of the country and the region and destroy the existing structure of socioeconomic relationships.