Гексокиназа - биринчи глюкоза метаболизм ферменти, ҳужайрада глюкоза мавжудлиги, биринчи навбатда, қондан цитоpолгача махсус транспорт оқсиллари - глюкоза ташувчилар (GLUT) иштирокида осон тарқалиши билан таъминланади [1].
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. In world practice of informatization, systems of electronic document interchange (EDIS) arc considered and introduced last years not only as systems for automation of manage processes but also as high-grade platforms for creation of uniform information field, so borders of their use, certainly, expands and scientists of the world raises interest to them. In researches of leading scientists of infocommunication technologies the demand of problems of authentic gathering, transfer, analysis, coding of information during formation of office-work documents is allocated for getting of effective technologies raising mobility and productivity of EDIS.
Complex measures undertaken by the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan on development of systems of region-territorial automated management and to creation of uniform information field arc directed on wide introduction of information systems, EDIS, databases (DB) on the basis of modern information-communication technologies. In this connection, working out of new methods to intelligent processing of information resources used for improvement of data transfer quality, allowing effectively to find out and correct errors in structure of electronic document interchange with least material and time expenses, differs a special urgency and, at the same time, remains the unresolved theoretical and applied problem having important economic value.
Requirements to information resources and streams of data transmission as the important factor of efficiency and quality of EDIS functioning arc expressed in providing of stability, integrity, safety and authenticity of the information. One of important among factors is the criterion of authenticity of the information, caused by distortion of transferred messages in infocommunication networks because of failures and refusals of means, any handicaps in communication channels, errors of operators, scanning and recognition systems.
Hence, construction of effective systems to control of information authenticity during transfer and processing represents special scientific interest as priority technology of data processing, characteristic for conditions of automated management and electronic document interchange at the enterprises and organizations.
For existing methods, despite of providing the high level of information transfer authenticity, some unsolved questions is typical, and as basic of them it is possible to allocate the following: at development technologies of electronic documents interchange in structure of modern data transfer packages the significant volume of resource is spent for headings, at the same time the most part of information in headings remains constant from package to package during stream of transfer of the whole frame (redundancy of the information arising at it and mechanisms to provide reliability of deliveries consisting, basically, in sending the appropriate message and repeated transfer of packages, - result to additional time and material expenses while errors detection and elimination); code and hardware methods of information transfer control arc focused, mainly, on elimination the transposition mistakes in managing fields of packages; however, at data transfer there arc also distortions in information fields, which frequently reveal as multiple text mistakes.
In this relation, the decision of tasks for providing of information transfer authenticity is reasonable to consider in two aspects.
Solutions of the first type tasks should taken into account errors of the man-operator, scanning and other devices intended for input of the information. These kinds of mistakes make greatest volume of distortions in text and arise at Applied and Representation levels of OSI model (Open System Interconnection reference model).
Solutions of second type tasks, devoted to control of the information reliability, take into consideration the probability of distortions which occur at stages of Transport, Network, Physical and Line of model OSI.
Demand of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that introduction of a wide range of IP-enabled technologies in electronic document interchange is connected to requiring close attention tasks of detection and correction of errors during preparation and processing of documents.
This research work is focused on providing realization of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan «On informatization», «On electronic digital signature», «On electronic document», «On electronic commerce», «On electronic payments», Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan № 126 on 05.04.2011 «About measures on installation and use of a single secured e-mail and system of electronic document interchange in the executive office of cabinet of ministers, bodies of government and economic governance, local government».
Following that, the solution of listed tasks requires carrying out the special researches and development connected to creation of methods and algorithms, capable to control the information authenticity in structure of data transfer packages at the expense of use the enclosed redundancy, and able to function in transport environment, eliminating existing lacks. This fact causes necessity of allocation of a special class algorithms for providing of information authenticity on the basis of new type of PR-rcdundancy (property redundancy), defined by depending on properties of processed object.
Purpose of research is development ol constructive methods, models, algorithms and systems of information authenticity control during transfer and processing of the data on the basis of mechanisms used PR-rcdundancy of various nature, and software and algorithmic realization of results for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
concept, methodology and software and algorithmic bases to construction methods, models and algorithms for the information authenticity control in systems of electronic document interchange arc developed, classes of objects characterized by PR-rcdundancy, applied to provide accuracy, integrity, efficiency, compression, availability of information resources in EDIS arc allocated;
methods and algorithms arc offered for control of information reliability at the expense of use the artificial redundancy on the basis of linear, modular, plane summing mechanisms and definition of belonging to the coded subsets;
methods and software complexes arc developed for control of information reliability at the expense of use the natural redundancy on the basis of algorithms in which procedures of statistical, arithmetic, parsing coding, n-gram structured description, statistical pattern recognition and hashing of text elements arc realized;
for control and correction of spelling mistakes in texts on Uzbek language methods and algorithms arc offered on the basis of models of multilevel morphological analysis and n-grams Grammatik description;
on the basis of enclosed logic criteria, database and knowledgebase in structure of the built-in expert systems methods and algorithms arc developed for the control of information authenticity at the expense of use the structural-technological PR-rcdundancy;
methods arc offered to synthesis algorithms of text information reliability control in interactive system of errors detection and correction for developing technologies of electronic document interchange.
Conclusion
1. Developed in the dissertation constructive methods, models, software and algorithms complexes to control of information authenticity by principles of using of PR-rcdundancy on the basis of concepts of system analysis, control and information processing allow to increase efficiency and productivity of EDIS.
2. The estimation of current state of the theory and practice of code, hardware and program methods of control of authenticity information transfer had shown insufficiency of existing types of redundancy for providing qualitative functioning of EDIS. Principles of use of PR-rcdundancy at electronic documents for working out applied methods, software and algorithmic complexes to providing of information transfer authenticity have allowed to design toolkit of development of existing technologies.
3. Methods of: linear, plane and modular summation; codings by rules of Haffman, Lempcl-Ziv-Velch, Barrousc-Willcr, arithmetic coding, statistical recognition, logic control form methodical bases of use of PR-rcdundancy for expansion possibilities of algorithms and software complexes to providing of the information authenticity during drawing up, transfer and processing of electronic documents texts.
4. Efficiency of developed algorithms is shown and solutions arc got for tasks of control the information authenticity on the basis of criterion of mistakes undctccting probabilities. It is established, that they find up to 92 % of all kinds of mistakes, capable to correct single, double and adjacent transpositional mistakes, in comparison with existing methods reduce labour content and cost of control in 2-3 times if probability of mistakes is accepted as P«4-10-3, and also raise the information authenticity up to three orders.
5. To solving tasks of control and correction of spelling mistakes in Uzbek texts methods, algorithms and systems arc developed included morphological and n-gram structured models. The developed technique of getting frequency characteristics of n-gram on the basis of distortions probability parameters statistics arc applied during systematization hash-codes for parsing coding.
6. Interpolation and extrapolation methods of construction the logic and arithmetic function of statistical recognition arc used for working out algorithms to control of text elements images authenticity. Methods arc developed to control authenticity of alarm characteristics of text elements images in ncuronctworking system to information processing which includes parts of automatic recognition and control of images signals. Methods and algorithms arc realized in the structure system to control of information authenticity for eases when information in EDIS is represented as metatext on the basis of belonging attributes and classification of metatext on fuzzy semantic hypcrnct.
7. Methods and algorithms of the control of the information authenticity, based on methods of dictionary, statistical and hash-codings provide effective applying of the hardware-software environment of parallel computations NVIDIA with use of standard libraries of numerical analysis, optimized data exchange between CPU and GPU for optimization.
8. It is determined that at realization of the system to control of spelling on the basis of developed ways of description and identification of the software shell, treelike representation of n-gramm grammar and architecture of framework Sfinks-4 focused on various language models used PR-rcdundancy, the number of undetected errors and cost of realization considerably decreases, and labour content in comparison with the spelling control system on the basis of morphological analysis decreases twice.
9. Developed simulating algorithms, complexes of software and systems to control of information authenticity on the basis of using PR-rcdundancy have found practical application in systems of: automated organization of educational environment in high schools; adapted data transfer, processing and analysis in infocommunication networks; EDIS of enterprises.
10. The developed software complexes to control the information authenticity in structure of EDIS and computer system of adapted transfer, handling and data analysis arc implemented in real working conditions in the Samarkand branch «UzTelecom» of the State committee or communication, for informatization and telecommunication technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan and in Joint Venture «Tasty-Fuit». Appropriate certificates confirm cost of economical efficiency of dissertation results.
Хозирги даврда саноат ишлаб чикариш. электр энергияси, моторли транспорт воситаларидан фойдаланишни тез ривожланиб бориши окибатида атмосфера кавосини мухофаза килиш муаммолари уткир тус олиб бормокда. Бу омиллар атмосфера хавосини ифлосланиши долзарб муоммоларини аниклайди. Антропоген ифлосланишлар асосан саноат корхоналари, авто ва хаво транспортлари, тсмир йул, сув транспорта чикиндиларининг атмосфера хавосига тушиши натижасида вужудга келади. Атмосфера хавосини эколого-гигиеник бахолаш натижалари асосида ахоли саломатлигини саклаш ва мустахкамлашга йуналтирилган профилактик чора-тадбирлар ишлаб чикилган. Туман атмосфера хавосининг тозалик даражаси ва ундаги ифлослантирувчи маънбаларга умумий характеристика берилган. Охирги 3 йил мобайнидаги атмосфера хавосининг сифатини кимёвий курсаткичларннн СЭОМ маълумотларига кура тахлил килинган. Туман ахолисининг умумий ва энг куп таркалган касалликларининг атмосфера хавосининг холатига корреляцией богликлигини аникланган.
Монография тиббий профилактика ва жамоат саломатлиги йуналишидаги ОТМ талабалари, укитувчилари ва СЭОМ ходимлари учун маълумот сифатида такдим этил ди.
Бугун жаҳон сиёсий ҳаритасида халқаро ҳуқуқ субъекти сифатида эътироф этилган икки юздан ортиқ давлатлар мавжуд. Давлат суверенитети ғояларига асосланган ҳолда, мазкур давлатларнинг барчаси ўз ички ва ташқи сиёсатини амалга оширади, ўз қонун ҳужжатларини ишлаб чиқади, уларни ижро этади, миллий қонунчилигида белгиланган тартибда ҳуқуқбузарлик содир этган шахсларга нисбатан ҳуқуқий таъсир чораларини қўллайди, шу жумладан, жиноий одил судловни амалга оширади. Лекин транспорт инфратузилмаси, халқаро алоқа тармоқлари, ахборот воситалари ривожланган бугунги кунда давлатлар ҳар
доим ҳам мустақил равишда жиноят содир этган шахсларни топиш ва уларга нисбатан одил судловни амалга ошира олиш имкониятига эга бўлмайдилар
Proper organization and management of the traffic flow in the world are one the topical issues. Much attention has been paid to scientific research in this direction in recent years. In particular, this is the improvement of transport infrastructure, an increase in the capacity of street networks and intersections, ensuring the safety of road users, and traffic flow management based on modern intelligent transport systems. In this article, through an integrated approach to the management of traffic flows in cities, management methods were analyzed depending on the speed of movement and the characteristics of traffic flows.
Blockchain technology is “cross-cutting”, that is, one that can be applied in many areas of the economy, management, including state, municipal and social spheres. The relevance of the analysis of the experience of implementing the blockchain technology is determined by the provisions and the need to form the basis for the prospective assessment of the consequences of the implementation of this technology, both nationally and internationally. In this article, we study the international experience of applying this technology in the supply chain of logistics processes and give the necessary recommenda tions.
There are several ways to calculate the amount of harmful vehicle emissions into the atmosphere. The article made a theoretical calculation of the amount of harmful emissions emitted by vehicles into the atmosphere, depending on the type of fuel.
The modern energy system is largely based on the use of fossil fuels, which makes up almost 90% of the global energy consumption structure. Intensive production of raw materials has a negative impact on the environment. This in turn creates environmental problems. The depletion of available reserves of the main energy resources of oil, gas, coal, ore and other minerals will worsen the energy situation in the world. Today, renewable energy interest to many countries due to increased dependence on imported energy, climate change and environmental protection, high rates of economic development and population growth. The widespread use of renewable energy sources will create socially and environmentally clean energy structures. That is why alternative energy technologies - hybrid cars and electric cars, solar, wind, geothermal energy, bioenergy are developing at a high level. This article discusses current trends in renewable energy, alternative energy sectors in Japan and the stages of development of solar energy, features of solar energy, advances in modern technologies for the use of renewable energy sources and the challenges facing renewable energy sources. Also highlights Japan’s new energy policy and strategy, legislation on energy efficiency, programs and strategic plans, changes in the country's energy policy, diversification of energy resources and current problems of energy security. It also analyzes the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in Japan, new projects in the field of solar energy and mechanisms for their implementation. And also, scientific conclusions were drawn on the analysis of current trends in the development of renewable energy in Japan.
O‘qitishning zamonaviy didaktik vositalari asosida bo‘lajak kasb ta’limi o‘qituvchilarini kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlash jarayoni, bo‘lajak kasb ta’limi o‘qituvchilarini kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlashga qo‘yilayotgan zamonaviy didaktik va metodik talablarni amalga oshiruvchi, umumkasbiy fanlar bo‘yicha o‘quv materiallarini havola etish shakllarini aks ettirish.
Subjects of research: associative switching system structure, associative switching system networks, associative switching and routing, their models and design methods
Purpose of work: research and design of switching node models and designing methods of the broadband multilevel N-dimension associative switching networks.
Methods of research: researches based on algebraic system of associative switching, probability theory, queueing theory, group theory, z-transform methods, matrix algorithms, parametric analysis of time-probabilistic characteristics and network stricture optimization.
The results obtained and their novelty: associative switching fabric model based on group theory with alphabet A and substitution system F; switching task solution in the network modules of the associative switching system is represented as multiplication operation of multiplicative algebraic substitution group of matrix elements in RAM and program memory (function domain of Neighbourhood Single Radius NSR); analytical models of associative switching system of the ring and star structures.
Practical value: Formulas for practical design of associative switching system arc obtained. Formulas allow to choosing associative switching system parameters according specified requirements and initial data. It’s defined associative switching fabric application in switching systems have more higher performance in comparison with traditional switching systems.
Degree of embed and economic cffcctivity: results have been implemented to JSC “Uzbektelecom” and into educational program of Tashkent university of information technologies TU1T.
Field of application: dimension, design, realization of associative routing and switching mechanism for access and transport telecommunication networks.
Жамиятимиз ва иқтисодиётимизнинг шиддат билан ўзгариб ва ўсиб бораётган эҳтиёжларини қондириш ўз навбатида ер ислоҳотини амалга оширишни тақозо қилади. Зеро, бугунги кунда дунёда ер ислоҳоти билан боғлиқ кўплаб муаммолар кузатилмоқда. Масалан, ерларни қайта тақсимлашнинг кескинлашиши, ерлар иқтисодий унумдорлиги пасайишининг олдини олиш ва инвестицияларнинг тақчиллиги, ерлар деградациясини бошқаришда иқтисодий услубларнинг камлиги, қишлоқ хўжалиги ерларининг оборотдан чиқиб кетишининг олдини олиш шулар жумласидандир. Ерлар мелиоратив ҳолатининг бузилиши, эрозия, қурғоқчилик ва қум босиши, шўрланишнинг кучайиши, саноат ва транспорт қурилишлари, фойдали қазилмаларнинг очиқ тарзда ўзлаштирилиши, техноген омиллар натижасида ерларнинг оборотдан чиқарилиши жадаллашиб бормоқда. Натижада кўплаб мамлакатлардаги каби мамлакатимизда ҳам ер фондини сақлаб қолиш ва унинг таркибини тартибга солиш бўйича чора тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда.
Ҳар қандай ҳуқуқий муносабат объектини субъектларнинг эрки-иродаси қаратилган ва иштирокчиларнинг ҳуқуқ ва мажбуриятлари устида белгиланган нарсалар ташкил этади. Чунки, ҳуқуқий муносабат объекти унда иштирок этаётган шахсларнинг хоҳишидан келиб чиқиб аниқланади ва уларнинг истаклари асосида ўзгартирилиши ёки бекор қилиниши мумкин.
Blockchain technology is “cross-cutting”, that is, one that can be applied in many areas of the economy, management, including state, municipal and social spheres. The relevance of the analysis of the experience of implementing the blockchain technology is determined by the provisions and the need to form the basis for the prospective assessment of the consequences of the implementation of this technology, both nationally and internationally. In this article, we study the international experience of applying this technology in the supply chain of logistics processes and give the necessary recommendations.
Как известно, ротовая полость и ноздри являются входными воротами для многих инфекционных и бактериальных заболеваний. Известно, что стрептококки и стафилококки могут сохраняться в пыли до 50-100 дней. А человек ежедневно контактирует с килограммами пыли (дом, работа, учеба). Отдельно нужно отметить общественный транспорт, где риск заражения инфекцией очень высок.