В новом тысячелетии человечество столкнулось с инфекционными болезнями, о которых никто не знал. На смену чуме и тифу пришли опасные вирусы. Изменение окружающей среды, потепление климата, увеличение плотности населения и другие факторы провоцируют их появление, а высокая миграционная активность населения способствует распространению по всему миру. Поистине, инфекции не знают границ. По прогнозам ООН, к 2050 году население планеты достигнет 10 миллиардов человек. Это значит, что процессы миграции и урбанизации еще ускорятся. Эпидемия COVID-19 («coronavirusdisease2019») уже вошла в историю как чрезвычайная ситуация международного значения. На текущий момент количество зараженных в мире превысило 640 млн человек.
During the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), one of the most vulnerable categories of the population of our republic that are actively involved in the epidemic process are medical workers.
По состоянию на апрель 2021 года во всем мире было зарегистрировано более 140 миллионов подтвержденных случаев и более 3 миллионов случаев смерти от коронавирусной болезни 2019 (COVID-19). С ростом распространения болезни и продолжительными симптомами, которые теперь определяются как «длительный Covid», неуклонно растет осведомленность о влиянии COVID-19 на другие органы, кроме легких. SARS-CoV-2 представляет собой оболочечный вирус рибонуклеиновой кислоты (РНК) с шиповидным белком, который взаимодействует с первичным рецептором хозяина путем прикрепления к рецептору ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 (АСЕ2). Клетки, которые экспрессируют больше рецепторов АСЕ2, более уязвимы для SARS-CoV-2.9 АСЕ2 экспрессируется в различных системах органов, включая легочную ткань (особенно альвеолярные клетки типа II), нервную, сердечно - сосудистую и желудочно-кишечную системы, почки, эндотелий и печень, систем, которые экспрессируют АСЕ2, были проведены исследования для изучения потенциального воздействия SARS-CoV-2 на печень, желудочно-кишечный тракт, сердечно-сосудистую и нервную системы, почки, и дыхательную систему.
Every day we have more information about the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women, the data is updated. So far, evidence suggests that the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women with COVID-19 is not high. To date, existing scientific studies have reported some cases of intrauterine or perinatal infection, but this is very rare and COVID-19 infection is unlikely to cause fetal malformation. The few cases known in infants infected with a coronavirus infection in the early days are mild. There are no serious cases in our observations. In terms of maternal complications, the most complex pneumonias occur in this period in the third trimester of pregnancy or in the postpartum period, i.e., a few weeks after birth, in unvaccinated pregnant women. COVID-19 infection in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy is associated with several complications. However, due to complications in the mother (especially in the third trimester of pregnancy), the frequency of preterm births has increased.
The aim of the research work. It consists in studying changes in the morphological and morphometric parameters of the wall of the gastric mucosa under conditions of polypharmacy with anti-inflammatory drugs.
The object of the scientific research is 180 white outbred male rats, 5 months of age.
The scientific novelty of the research work is as follows:
For the first time it was established that polypharmacy with anti-inflammatory drugs in 5 combinations had a different negative effect on the mucous and submucosal base, which is the structural structure of the stomach wall of white male rats;
It has been proven that structural changes in the organs of the digestive system cause profound disturbances in the processes of growth and formation of the gastric mucosa and its glandular tissue, submucosa, which is accompanied by a decrease in the total thickness of the stomach wall;
With the simultaneous use of more than 3 types of anti-inflammatory drugs, the negative effects of polypharmacy are significantly enhanced. We analyzed the rate of formation of structural and functional zones of the stomach wall, the activity of mucosal cells, the change in the shape of lymphocytes located in the submucosa, the decrease in morphological parameters;
Using the methods of modern morphological studies (organometric, histological, histomorphometric, statistical), new information was obtained directly about the morphological and morphometric parameters of the stomach wall. Changes at the tissue, cellular and intercellular levels are characterized by hypotrophic and hypoplastic changes in the structures of the stomach wall of white male rats.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the obtained scientific results on morphometric changes in the gastric mucosa under conditions of polypharmasia:
methodological recommendation was approved on the topic: "Method for determining the morphometric parameters of the gastric mucosa in polypharmasia of anti-inflammatory drugs", which allows to determine the morphometric parameters of the gastric mucosa in the conditions of polypharmacy in the experiment.
The scientific results obtained in the study of morphofunctional features and morphometric changes in the structure of the gastric mucosa under the influence of polypharmacy are used in healthcare practice, including Academician Y.Kh. Turaqulov Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Samarkand State Medical University. The introduction of information obtained in scientific research, the development of an algorithm for correct and timely diagnosis, pathogenetic morphometric and morphological indicators, the choice of treatment tactics made it possible to predict the development of pathological changes.
The structure and volume of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations, a list of references and applications. The dissertation is presented on 102 pages of computer text.
Учитывая скорость возникновения и изменчивость симптомов COVID-19, а также его тяжесть, он стал причиной стрессового расстройства у большого числа населения.
A sudden pandemic has brought the whole world to a standstill for more than a year due to a new virus called Corona, also known as Covid-19. To control and prevent this epidemic, finding a vaccine to stimulate the immune system against the consequences caused by Coronavirus is an urgent task for many countries around the world. So far, the production and supply of vaccines are causing political and economic races around the world. The research, and production of vaccines to prevent Covid-19 are also being actively implemented in Vietnam. The objective of the article is to clarify the context of the global competition for the research, production and supply of Covid-19 Vaccines by using statistics of active cases, and deaths, as long as the data on vaccine Covid-19 doses. Therefore, the article indicates this is not only a medical race but also an economic-geopolitical competition. In addition, it also reveals the inequality that is taking place in this race between developed and developing countries.
COVID-19 - крайне тяжелая острая респираторная инфекция, вызываемая коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2. Вирус SARS-CoV-2 отличается способностью поражать различные органы как через прямое инфицирование, так и посредством иммунного ответа организма. Данное заболевание по течению может протекать как в легкой, так и в тяжелой форме. Одним из частых осложнений является развитие вирусной пневмонии.
Purpose of the study: assessment of the study cardiovascular status in patients with postcovid syndrome and to determine their relationship with the functional status of patients.
Material and research methods. There were 281 patients under observation, with the presence of clinical manifestations of postcovid syndrome. The comparison group (CG) consisted of 20 patients who had undergone COVID-19 and whose disease ended in full recovery. All patients underwent electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic (EchoCG) studies. The assessment of the functional status of patients after suffering COVID-19 was carried out using the PCFS method - Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (https://osf.io/qgpdv/).
Research results. The study revealed signs of cardiovascular pathology according to ECG and EchoCG data in 255 (90.75%) patients with postcovid syndrome. According to the ECG results, cardiac arrhythmias were recorded significantly more often in patients in the main group than in the comparison group (p <0.001). The results of the echocardiography of the study showed that in the patients of the main group, compared with the comparison group, there was a significant increase in the size of the LV and RV of the heart (p <0.05), a decrease in LVEF (p <0.01) and a higher value of the mean pressure in the PA (p <0.05). Patients with a higher PCFS score are characterized by large sizes of both ventricles (p <0.05 for LV and p <0.01 for RV) and low LV ejection fraction (p <0.001).
Conclusion. The present study showed that 255 (90.75%) patients who underwent COVID-19 in the early rehabilitation period have signs of cardiovascular pathology according to ECG and EchoCG data. Patients with a higher PCFS score (significant restriction of daily activity due to symptoms associated with the previous infection and the need for assistance in self-care) had more enlarged sizes of both ventricles and a lower LVEF.
Ученые изучили предыдущие пандемии SARS и MERS и ранние данные о COVID-19 иу трети обследованных пациентов были общие симптомы: тревожность, спутанное сознание и подавленное настроение.
The scientific article describes the importance of the use of innovations in the development of tourism in the country, thereby improving the tourism infrastructure, proposals and recommendations for determining the direction of development on the basis of analysis of ongoing work
COVID-19, like other respiratory viruses, has extrapulmonary manifestations. In particular, exposure to the virus leads to damage to the cardiovascular system (CVS). The review presents the current problems of the combination of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. The results of a few clinical studies and individual clinical cases, illustrating the difficulties of managing patients with viral infection and comorbidities, are discussed. The combination of COVID-19 with cardiovascular diseases creates additional difficulties in diagnostics, determining priority tactics, changing the routing orders of patients with emergencies, and choosing therapy.
The COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since then, it has rapidly widespread in almost every country around the world and has become a new global public health crisis. Since then, the demand for coronavirus vaccines and the supply of vaccine production becomes the most urgent strategic priority issues globally. Many governments have participated in the race of coronavirus vaccine production and distribution typically as the United States, China, Russia, and Australia. The United States marks as the leading vaccine supplier in this race. This country has delivered more than 682 million COVID-19 vaccine doses, all donated free of charge, to 116 countries - more doses than any other nation. The objective of the article is to analyze the vaccine diplomacy of the US base on the vaccine donation dataset, the location where the vaccine was given. The article indicates that the US has taken the lead in the race to produce and supply vaccination to the world. Vietnam, as a comprehensive partner of the US, has benefited from the US vaccine diplomacy policy. The paper has shown that the US. has given a significant amount of medical support and vaccines to Vietnam. These contribute significantly meaning for Vietnam's COVID-19 fighting.
У пациентов с COVID-19 может развиться критическая форма заболевания при наличии таких основных состояний, как гипертония, сахарный диабет, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких, иммунологические заболевания, онкологические заболевания.
COVID-19 сопровождается массивным воспалением, гипоксией, диффузной внутрисосудистой коагуляцией, что может стать предпосылкой к развитию артериального и венозного тромбозов.
Многочисленные доказательства показали, что повышенный уровень тропонина в крови тесно связан с плохим прогнозом у пациентов с новым коронавирусным заболеванием (COVID-19). Возможные механизмы повреждения миокарда при COVID-19 включают ишемию из-за недостаточности кровообращения и дыхания, эпикардиальную или интрамиокардиальную тромботическую обструкцию малых коронарных артерий из-за повышенной свертываемости крови и миокардит.
Коронавирусная болезнь (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) является инфекцией, вызываемой новым коронавирусом nSARS CoV-2. 11 марта 2020 года ВОЗ объявила вспышку нового типа коронавируса COVID-19 пандемией. Представляет собой одноцепочечный, РНК-содержащий вирус, относится к линии Beta- CoV B семейства Coronaviridae, II группа патогенности (как SARS-CoV и MERS- CoV).