ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK /
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2017,
№
4
12
the quarter Djabba-Khan is a legacy from his ancestor Djabba-Khan, who also built a
monastery and temple Nawbahar
1
. Djabba-Khan is identified with the supreme Turkic
Kagan Si (Se, Su)-Yabgu or Sir-Yabgu (reigned in 630–632), who was the son of Tun
Yabgu-Kagan (reigned in 618–630)
2
. It was also assumed that the founder of the
Nawbahar temple was El-Tegin (Parmuda), son of the Turkic ruler of Bukhara El
Arslan (Shir-i Kishwar)
3
]. I believe that title Djabba-Khan likely refers to El-Tegin,
who was a direct ancestor of the Samanids on the maternal side
4
. Name of the founder
of this dynasty Barmak (
ﻚﻡﺮﺏ
) produced from the Buddhist title
pramukha
, from which
also comes the honorary nickname of El-Tegin – Parmuda (
ﻩدﻮﻡﺮﭘ
)
5
.
In the light of above mentioned data I think that the founder of the Nawbahar
temple was El-Tegin (Parmuda, Nili-Khan) and in the pre-Islamic period (VI–
VII centuries AD) it was a cult centre of the Manichaeans.
KURBANOVA DILAFRUZ
PhD, State Museum of the Temurids history
Tent of the Amir of Bukhara in the second half of the 19
th
century
(History of One Exhibit from the collection of the State Hermitage)
Abstract.
The article is dedicated to study the attributes of the tent belongs to the 19th
century used by Emir of Bukhara and nowdays is kept in the State Hermitage of St. Petersburg.
Its museum piece is analyzed from a museum studies point of view in the article.
Keywords and expressions:
material-cultural heritage, museum-city, tent, fence,
State Hermitage, traditional summer houses, pyramidal views.
Аннотация
.
Мазкур
мақолада
Санкт
-
Петербург
Давлат
Эрмитажида
сақлана
-
ётган
Бухоро
амирининг
XIX
асрга
оид
бўлган
чодирининг
атрибутлари
ўрганилиб
,
музейшунослик
нуқтаи
назаридан
ушбу
экспонат
таҳлил
қилинди
.
Таянч
сўз
ва
иборалар
:
моддий
-
маданий
мерос
,
музей
-
шаҳар
,
чодир
,
панжара
,
Давлат
Эрмитажи
, “
анъанавий
ёз
мавсумидаги
уй
”, “
пирамидасимон
кўриниш
”.
1
Velidi Togan A. Z. The Topography of Balkh down to the middle of the seventeenth century //
Central Asiatic Journal, vol. 13, 1969. – P. 283.
2
Togan N. Peygamberin zaman
ı
nda
Ş
ark
ı
ve Garbi Türkistan’
ı
Ziyaret eden Çinli Budist rahibi
Hüen-Çang’
ı
n bu ülkelerin Siyasi ve Dini Hayat
ı
na ait kay
ı
tleri //
İ
slam Tetkikleri Enstitüsü
Dergisi, IV/1–2. – Ankara, 1964. – S. 64.
3
Harmatta J., Litvinsky B.A. Tokharistan and Gandhara under Western Turk rule (650–750).
Part 1. History of the regions // History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 3. – Paris: UNESCO,
1996. – P. 371.
4
Камолиддин
Ш
.
С
.
К
вопросу
о
происхождении
Саманидов
// Archivum Eurasiae Medii
Aevi, 15 (2006/2007). – Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008. –
Р
. 39–63.
5
Harmatta J., Litvinsky B.A. Tokharistan and Gandhara under Western Turk rule (650–750). Part 1.
History of the regions // History of Civilizations of Central Asia, vol. 3. – Paris: UNESCO, 1996. – P. 371.
ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK /
ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ
2017,
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Аннотация
.
В
данной
статье
выявлены
атрибуты
и
особенности
музеевед
-
ческой
точки
зрения
шатра
Бухарского
эмира
,
относящегося
к
XIX
веку
и
ныне
хранящегося
в
Государственном
Эрмитаже
Санкт
-
Петербурга
.
Опорные
слова
и
выражения
:
духовно
-
материальное
наследие
,
город
-
музей
,,
ша
-
тёр
,
решетка
,
Эрмитаж
, “
традиционный
летний
дом
”, “
пирамидаобразный
вид
”.
Bukhara, one of the ancient cities of the world, has been greatly contributing
in the material-cultural heritage of the humanity for many centuries. It is no
coincidence that it is called a museum-city.
It is one of the centres of the international tourism, which contains more than 400
archaeological and architectural monuments including 11 architectural ensembles, 8
mausoleums, 47 mosques, 14 caravanserais, 39 madrasahs, 8 archaeological monumen-
ts, 250 residential houses, 32 monumental art objects under the state protection.
About a world-wide recognition of the cultural heritage of the city says a fact that
the city, as well as the Pyramids of Egypt, historical centre of Rome, the Acropolis of
Athens, the Kremlin of Moscow and Khiva, was included in the list of World
Heritage objects in December 1993 by the Decree of the UNESCO, and in 1997 the
2500
th
anniversary of Bukhara was celebrated under the aegis of the UNESCO
1
.
Unique artworks and productions, manuscripts of the scholars of Bukhara spread
the world through the routes of the Great Silk Roads, on one of the main intersections
of which the city is located. Today the antiques of Bukhara are adorning the expo-
sitions of the largest museums of the world in the cities such as Rome, Paris,
Washington, Stockholm, Berlin, Istanbul, St. Petersburg, Moscow and etc.
State Hermitage is one of the greatest museums in the world. Universal and national
significance made it one of the most valuable objects of the cultural heritage of Russia.
Hermitage is one of the richest encyclopedic museums of the world. Its collection
includes more than three million exhibits: over 16 thousand paintings, 12 thousand
sculptures nearly 300 thousand works of applied arts, over a million coins, medals,
orders, as well as a great number of arms and weapons, banners, books, scientific ins-
truments and tools. It seems as if the whole history of the world culture, beginning from
the lithic age until the modern history, revived on the walls of this museum.
The monuments, related to the arts of the nations of Central Asia (fourth mil-
lennium BC–20
th
century) and the Caucasus (10
th
BC–19
th
centuries), occupy
significant place in the collection of the museum
2
.
Tents were the traditional summer houses in Central Asia, prosperous town-
speople used to set them in the yards of their houses. It is known that there was a
block of hereditary craftsmen in pre-revolutionary Bukhara who sew garden tents
–
chodir.
As the tents were used intensively, few of them remained to this day:
One of them is being exhibited in Samarkand museum in Uzbekistan, another was
purchased by V. Rikmerski in Bukhara at the end of the 19
th
century and now is at
the Berlin museum of Ethnography. Side walls of the tents are kept at the funds of
1
Bukhara State architectural-art museum-conservation. – Tashkent, 2004.
2
“State Hermitage” guide-book. – St. Petersburg, 2010. – P. 2, 35–125.
ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK /
ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ
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the Russian ethnographical museum. All remained samples are one-domed, with a
coarse cotton cloth in the external side and appliqué in the internal.
Among the exhibits decorated with embroidery, which are kept in the Oriental de-
partment of the State Hermitage, an exclusive place is given to the tent (pavilion) which
was bestowed on the emperor Alexander the Third by next to last emir of Bukhara
Abdulakhad-khan (1885–1910) during his visit to St. Petersburg (1893?). There is no
information about the installation of the tent in St. Petersburg, it is only known that it
was exhibited at the Petrograd Stable museum in St. Petersburg in the twenties.
The tent represents the best and great extent unique sample of similar items.
Thanks to its planning and the presence of rooms for different purposes it is
similar to an enclosed house with a shed and inner yard. Unlike other remained
samples, its both outer and inner sides are decorated with silk and appliqué.
Nearly square proportion of the tent is formed by four long walls, in the centre of
one of which is the entrance. The inner space contains two intercommunicating squa-
re rooms on the right and left side of the entrance ant the inner yard partly covered
with a shed. Two adjoining rooms opposite the entrance are richly decorated with
insets from a Shakhrisabz appliqué and a gold embroidery panels. Three walls have
long narrow sheds and the entrance has a separate small shed outside.
Two of the six windows are inner ones, and are directed to the inner yard.
The tent consists of seventeen parts: eight vertical walls, three pyramidal “do-
mes”, one of which is triple; six sheds. Twelve wooden poles, to which the outer
sheds were installed, did not remain to this day. Each wall is divided into sections,
the borders of which are determined by sewn wooden poles, and between them
there are wooden bars of the structure sewn in the layers of the cloth in the
distance of 50–75 sm. Both ends of the wooden bars are sheathed in leather, at the
bottom them there is a loop for the peg, and at the top there is a wooden button.
“Domes” of the hermitage tent, which have square bases, have a wooden structure
consisting of four poles which are sewn diagonally in the square; in the corners which
are reinforced by leather, there are openings for fixing the side walls to the supports;
and at the perimeter there are a row of the loops for buttoning the side walls for fixing
the structure. The outer part of the “domes” are decorated with striped silk, the inner
part corresponds to the decoration of the side wall of that particular room.
Long outer sheds have one loop for buttons and openings for the poles of the
frame of the sidewalls, on the other side they have openings for separate poles.
The outer side of the sheds has striped silk and the inner side – patterned silk.
Three right-angled sheds are made from striped silk on the outer side, and covered
with solid embroidery in the inner side
1
.
Main decorative design of the walls includes horizontal stripes of the ornaments
scattered at the upper and lower parts of the walls, which are made in the method of
the appliqué from cotton cloth. The patterns of the arches, where are either appliqués
of the stylized images of the flower bunches or insertions from silk, are repeated in
the central part between the sewn poles of the framework
1
East and West: the art of the islamic world. State Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Slavia // Catalogue
of the exhibition, 2011.
ORIENTAL STUDIES / SHARQSHUNOSLIK /
ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ
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Such kind of arches and niches with arched framing are typical for the rooms
of rich townspeople; Dishes were kept in the niches, sometimes a bouquet of
flowers was drawn on their walls. Construction of the windows made from cotton
is also borrowed from monumental architecture. Up to now one can see plaster
window grille – pandjara with clear geometrical image in old buildings. Thus,
traditional architectural methods are continued in the decoration of the tent, only
they are done by using unusual material – textiles.
Markings and remains of the paper labels with the names of the russian manufac-
tures and the surnames of the owners were conserved on the cotton cloth. On one of the
appliqué there is a trademark «
Фабрика
торгового
дома
братьев
М
.
и
И
.
Щерба
-
ковых
в
Коломенском
уезде
» (“Brothers M. & I. Scherbakovs’ trading house factory
in the Kolomne uyezd”). It indicates the strengthening of the commercial relations
between Russia and Central Asia in the eighties of the 19
th
century once more.
It can be stated with confidence that the hermitage tent is a unique sample of
“textile architecture” both for its construction and its wealth of décor. Quite likely,
the tent was manufactured according to the special order of the emir’s court as a
present. Therefore, there were used unusual for this class of products types of the
textile techniques – solid embroidery and gold embroidery, which demonstrate all
diversities and beauty of the traditional handicraft.
YUNUSOV KOMILJON
Researcher, State Museum of Temurids History
Known and unknown talents of Mirzo Ulugbek
Abstract.
The article is devoted to discuss Mirzo Ulugbek’s talents which not studied
enough by scientists and his contribution on innovation and achievements on history,
music, poetry, mathematics, architecture as king and scientist.
Keywords and expressions:
talent, astronomy, mathematics, madrasa, historian.
Аннотация
.
Мазкур
мақола
Мирзо
Улуғбекнинг
олимлар
томонидан
етарлича
ўрганилмаган
истеъдод
қирралари
ҳамда
унинг
шоҳ
ва
олим
сифатида
тарих
илми
,
мусиқа
ривожи
,
шеърият
,
математика
ва
бунёдкорликдаги
янгилик
ҳамда
ютуқ
-
ларга
қўшган
ҳиссасига
ҳақида
қисқача
тўхталиб
ўтилади
.
Таянч
сўз
ва
иборалар
:
истеъдод
,
астрономия
,
математика
,
мадраса
,
тарихчи
.
Аннотация
.
Эта
статья
посвящена
малоизученным
талантам
Мирзо
Улугбека
,
а
также
его
вкладу
как
правителя
и
ученого
в
сферах
истории
,
музыки
,
поэзии
,
мате
-
матики
и
архитектуры
.
Опорные
слова
и
выражения
:
талант
,
астрономия
,
математика
,
медресе
,
историк
.
Each man has an rare talent. They should only find and work hard on it. Like
those people was Ulugbek whose name was given to many places in the Universe:
creater on the moon, town, metro station, street, park, National University and
