Медицинская паразитология
Биология ва тиббиёт муаммолари, 2014, №3 (79)
81
билан зарарланиши аниқланди. Бир ёшдан икки
ёшгача ва катта ёшдаги қўйларда ёзда
трихоцефаллар билан инвазияланиш пасаяди.
Айнан шундай эпизоотологик ҳолатни тоғолди-
тоғ биоценозларида ҳам кузатиш мумкин.
Хулоса: Самарқанд вилояти шароитида
қўйлар орасида трихоцефалёзни бир мунча кенг
тарқалганлиги ва уни икки турга оид
трихоцефаллар
Trichocephalus ovis ва T. skrjabini
лар қўзғатилиши аниқланди.
SCREENING FOR TOXOCARIASIS OF PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES
M.D. Akhmedova, M.B. Ibragimov, J.A. Anvarov
Tashkent medical academy
Toxocariasis is a disease of humans caused
by larvae (immature worms) of either the dog
roundworm (Toxocara canis) or the cat roundworm
(Toxocara cati). Toxocariasis is often called visceral
larva migrans. This zoonotic, helminthic infection is
a major cause of blindness and may provoke
rheumatic, neurologic or asthmatic symptoms.
Humans normally become infected by ingestion of
embryonated eggs from contaminated sources (soil,
fresh or unwashed vegetables).
Diagnosis of toxocariasis is difficult in view
of polymorphism and uncertainty of clinical
manifestations.
Clinical
manifestations
of
toxocariasis do not have their own specific features,
complicating the diagnosis of the disease. Patients
often focus doctor’s attention on previously
established diagnosis: bronchial asthma, atopic
dermatitis and other. Eosinophilia is often severe
and sometimes represents the only sign of infection,
except in ocular and neurological forms. Therefore,
a key role in diagnosis belongs to laboratory
methods of diagnostics.
The object. Optimization of diagnosis of
toxocariasis among high risk groups.
Materials and methods. 30 patients aged 21
to 55 years (men - 17, women – 13) were under our
supervision. 19 of them were in the in-patient
Department of the specialized allergological center,
11 patients were treated in outpatient clinics
allergological center and Republic infectious
diseases clinic. We have examined for toxocariasis
30 patients with chronic allergic diseases (bronchial
asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis), and patients
with high level of eosinophils of unknown etiology.
During the study all the patients were carefully
analyzed for the history of the illness, accent has
been
made
on
epidemiological
anamnesis.
Collecting epidemiological history we asked about
the presence of an animal in the house, especially
the dogs and the presence of pietism (geophagia).
Clinical and laboratory examination were carried
out. Serological testing for toxocariasis was
performed at the laboratory of immunology of
parasites, by using ELISA test system "Toxocara-
strip".
Results. Positive results were received in 14
patients from 30 examined patients. The frequency
of major clinical manifestations of toxocariasis was
presented as follows: manifestations of allergic skin
rash - 7 (50,0%), astheno-vegetative syndrome - in
11 (78,5%), intoxication syndrome - in 10 (71.4%),
pulmonary syndrome in 5 (35.7%), enlargement of
lymph nodes - 4 (28,5%), alopecia in 1 (7,1%). In
peripheral blood eosinophilia were found in 13
(92,8%) patients.
Conclusion. Based on epidemiological
analysis it was established that the key risk factors
for infection with T. canis are existence of
geophagia and/or contact with a dog (79%). The
range of clinical variants of toxocariasis course
varies to a great extent. These data coincide with the
literature data. The most frequently toxocariasis was
diagnosed in patients with allergic skin rash
(50,0%), astheno-vegetative syndrome (78,5%),
intoxication syndrome (71,4%) and high titers of
antibodies to T. canis.
LEISHMANIASIS PREVENTION BY LEISHMANIZATION
OR VACCINES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
A. Khamesipour
Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (Iran).
Leishmaniasis is among the neglected
diseases which are reported from 98 countries.
According to World Health Organization (WHO)
estimation a tenth of the world population is at risk
of contracting the disease, and 12 million are
affected, the annual incidence rate being 1.5-2
million.
Leishmaniasis
clinical
manifestations
depend upon the
Leishmania
species which causes
the disease and the host immune response, the
clinical forms ranging from a self-healing cutaneous
leishmaniasis (CL) to a lethal visceral form. Vector
and reservoir control are not always possible and
