ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
382
READING PAPER-BASED TEXTBOOKS IS EASY TO REMEMBER
INFORMATION
Abdukadirova Guzal
Corresponding author, the student of Kimyo International University in Tashkent,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Payziyeva Risolatkhan
The ESL senior teacher at KIUT, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8384523
Abstract.
The research paper’s purpose is to identify which type of reading materials,
weather paper-based or e-version handouts, are convenient to use for learners when they are the
process of learning the English language. The way of using e-books has many advantages in terms
of access, cost-effectiveness and easy to carry, however, the experiment investigates that the
learners’ efficiency decreases when they started to use it. According to the participants’ answers
of survey, using e-version handouts on phone or computers hurts their eyes, which is considered
as a health problem.
Key words:
paper-based textbooks, e-version materials, handouts, internet, easy to recall,
classroom, survey, printed materials, traditional classes, online handouts.
ЧИТАЯ БУМАЖНЫЕ УЧЕБНИКИ, ЛЕГКО ЗАПОМИНАЕТСЯ
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
Аннотация.
Цель исследовательской работы состоит в том, чтобы определить,
какие типы материалов для чтения, будь то бумажные или электронные раздаточные
материалы, удобны для использования учащимися в процессе изучения английского языка.
Способ использования электронных книг имеет много преимуществ с точки зрения
доступа, экономичности и удобства переноски, однако эксперимент показывает, что
эффективность учащихся снижается, когда они начинают им пользоваться. Согласно
ответам участников опроса, использование электронных версий раздаточных материалов
на телефоне или компьютере причиняет боль их глазам, что рассматривается как
проблема со здоровьем.
Ключевые слова:
бумажные учебники, версии материалов, раздаточные
материалы, Интернет, легко запоминающиеся, классная комната, опрос, печатные
материалы, традиционные занятия, раздаточные материалы онлайн.
Introduction
Since technology is developing year by year it influences the education system and teachers
have already commenced teaching learners with visual supports such as PowerPoint presentations,
videos, pictures, and others. Additionally, students have a propensity to read e-version books,
magazines, newspapers, and textbooks rather than printed ones which are considered traditional
approaches. There are many benefits of using technology devices and electronic textbooks in the
classroom. It is greater convenience and easier process in online education for both instructors and
students. Students are more interested, engaged, and involved especially in different high-quality
activities such as Kahoot, quiz, jeopardy, virtual team trivia, and Quizlet during the lesson.
However, according to Clinton, Delgado et Al., robust evidence from three meta-analyses indicate
a small performance benefit when reading from paper compared to screens which could lead
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
383
instructors to encourage students to use paper textbooks. There has always been a hypothesis that
reading paper textbook is more comfortable to learn information than textbooks from the screen.
Abaci et Al informed that low-graded students typically do not make good use of and are often
unaware of tools afforded by e-books, including annotations, finding reliable materials and video
links. This has prompted suggestions for teacher modeling of e-textbook tools for students (Van
Horne et Al., 2016). Nevertheless, there is no evidence that modeling would be more powerful
than having students read from printed textbooks. The purpose of the research paper is to find out
contrast compare and data about paper textbook copies and electronic textbooks on student use of
reading materials and to identify which type of textbook is more helpful to get knowledge and
remember information. The second objective is to explore the difficulties of using electronic
materials and give some solutions to the problems in reading e-version handouts. The researcher
in this current study hopes the following three research questions help obtain the objectives.
1.
Which materials are better to remember information in education?
2.
What are the problems with reading electronic materials?
3.
What are the solutions to the difficulties in reading electronic materials?
The study
The topic of research is hypothesis so there are independent and dependent variables in it.
The independent variable is the paper-based textbook and the dependent variable is remembering
information. The experiment was carried out as the data collection method in this study. A pilot,
the researcher, was conducted before data collection, and 9 participants were conducted to collect
quantitative data. The 9 participants were selected randomly from KIUT and UzSWLU
universities.
METHOD
Participants
The experiment is taken from a group of people, who are of different ages, at KIUT in
Tashkent. Participants consist of 10 students, including 9 females and a male. They were chosen
from international and national universities. Many participants are third-year students whose major
is English education in KIUT and one-fifth are students of UZSWLU. The age participants are
about 19-21 years old and there is a graduate student, whose age is 24 years old. In terms of level,
most of the students are pre-intermediate and intermediate. Moreover, some of them have IELTS
certifications with outstanding scores. It means that they had already been familiar with some
readings such as texts, articles, and reports in two formats; electronic and printed materials. The
members of the experiment group are monolingual students and speak English as a foreign
language. The first language of all participants is Uzbek.
Participants
Level
Study
Age
Abdukadirova Guzal
Intermediate
KIUT
19
Fayziyeva Ruxshona
Intermediate
KIUT
20
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
384
Askarkhojayeva
Nozima
Intermediate
KIUT
20
Khodjakov Dilshod
Pre-intermediate
IELTS 5.0
KIUT
20
Berdiyeva Farangiz
Intermediate
KIUT
21
Gulomova Farangiz
Intermediate
KIUT
20
Gatratova Xadicha
IELTS 7.5
UZSWLU
24
Khaydarova Nurjahon
Upper-intermediate
UZSWLU
18
Umarova Sogdiana
Intermediate
KIUT
20
Komilova Gozal
Upper-intermediate
KIUT
22
Table 1. The data on participants
The table 1 above shows the information about 10 participants. It includes their names,
levels, the university which they study and their ages accordingly.
Materials
Two different reading topics in handouts are taken for the experiment from the website
“British council” on the internet. This website is the United Kingdom’s international organization
for educational opportunities and cultural relations. There are many reliable and cost-effective
handouts, articles, and materials in it. The researcher took two handouts that have distinct reading
passages with two reading comprehension tasks to complete. The level of this reading text is B2
which equals intermediate level. The topics of reading are similar to each other. The first reading
text, a paper printed handout, is about “Work-life balance”, and the second text’s topic which is
an e-version handout, is named “Millennials in the workplace”. There are two the same types of
task: 5 multiple choice questions and 5 True/False questions in both handouts below the reading
text. The total number of questions is 10 in each handout.
After the experiment materials, the researcher used the questionnaire to identify the
participants’ difficulties they had faced while completing the tasks. The questions were made on
Google Forms which is the fastest form creation. Overall, it includes 6 questions: 5 open-ended
questions and a closed question. The questions are:
1.
Write your full name.
2.
Do you know your result from the experiment?
3.
Do you satisfy with your result? Why?
4.
What difficulties did you suffer while doing the online reading task?
5.
What difficulties did you face while using printed materials?
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
385
6.
What are the solutions to the difficulties in reading e-version handouts?
Procedure
First of all, the researcher chose participants of different ages randomly, so that the research
can be valid. Each of the participants is asked to engage in the experiment formally by sending
messages to their emails. Following that, the researcher found appropriate materials and handouts
from the website “British Council”. Two reading texts with tasks, which level is B2, were chosen.
The first 10 handouts about “Work-life balance” were printed for participants. Another handout’s
link was saved to telegram. After preparing materials, the first participant was the researcher who
took part in the experiment to pilot the reliability of materials and handouts. The researcher
checked out handouts how the level of complication, what the proper level is (in reality, it is B2
or not), what the complication of vocabulary is and how much the reading text and tasks will be
understandable for the participants before experimenting. Then the researcher assembled
participants to KIUT to experiment. The experiment comprised 10 participants along with the
researcher.
The second big stage is experimenting with participants. The researcher asked to announce
their names in the research paper or to keep their names anonymous. Then, the printed handouts
were distributed among participants. The researcher gave clear instructions on what participants
should do. The instruction is to read the text carefully only once, then, to do two tasks (multiple
choice questions and True/False questions without looking at the text. The given time for reading
and doing tasks is 15 minutes. After completing it, the papers were collected and the second
electronic handout was sent via telegram. A sheet of paper was provided to participants. Then, the
researcher repeated the same instruction and the participants started to work. The given time is 15
minutes. Overall spent time 30 minutes on the experiment. In the end, all answers were collected
and the researcher thanked the participants and motivated them that their participation will be
helpful for education.
The third stage is checking results and the researcher informing to participants. After
analyzing data collection, the 6 questionnaires were made in google forms and sent to participants
to fill out. The researcher set a deadline and waited for the responses for about 2 days. After getting
answers, the author started writing a research paper.
Data collection and analysis
All 10 answers in printed handouts and e-version handouts were collected for the analysis
of their results. Two comparisons were employed: (1) the result of paper-based handouts was
compared with the test result of e-version handouts. (2) the result of the online reading test was
compared with the result of the paper handouts. All the comparisons were conducted by using
tables and line graphs to see a clear image of differences. The process of analysis took the authors
approximately 2 hours to finish computing participants’ results.
Findings
Students’ results
In general, there were 10 students, 9 of them were females and a male. The mean age was
20. Table 2 below represent the students’ results. They used 2 formats of materials while
completing reading task. The first is printed handouts and the second is handout on screen.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
386
Participants
Reading test scores in using
printed handouts
Online reading test
scores
Abdukadirova Guzal
8
4
Kamilova Gozal
10
7
Askarkhojayeva Nozima
7
5
Berdiyeva Farangiz
5
4
Umarova Sogdiana
3
2
Fayziyeva Ruxshona
5
4
Khodjakov Dilshod
6
4
Gulomova Farangiz
7
4
Gayratova Xadicha
8
5
Khaydarova Nurjahon
4
4
Table 2. Participants’ results in experiment
As can be seen in Table 2, there is a significant difference in scores between two handouts.
There are 6 participants who got higher result than 5 score by employing printed handouts. These
are: Participant 1- 8 score, Participant 2-10 score, Participant 3- 7 score, P7-6 score, P8- 7 score,
and P9-8 score. However, the result of online reading test shows that students achieved quite less
scores comparing to first column. Most of the results are less than 5. Only 1 out of 10 participants
got 7 score and two of them got 5 score. The surprising part is that there is a student who had the
same score in both reading tests.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
387
Graph 1. The participants’ results of experiment
The bar graph is used to describe the results of participants to compare two materials such
as printed and electronic handouts. In general, it can be seen that reading test scores in paper-based
handout are higher than online reading scores.
Questionnaire
This part of findings is about the questionnaire which was delivered to 9 participants for
their opinion on their results, the reason of results, their difficulties while employing printed and
e-version handouts and the solutions to the difficulties in reading e-version materials. All
participants responded questions.
The first question is about their names and results on experiment. They were aware of their
answers before filling the survey.
3.
Do you satisfy with your result? Why?
To the answer of this question, 5 participants did not satisfy with their results in both tests.
The reasons are that they have trouble with reading skill and they were surprised that their memory
is not good enough that they forgot everything while doing the tasks.
Other 4 participants satisfied with their results because they have strong memory.
4.
What kind of difficulties did you suffer while doing online reading test?
3 students answered that they had pain in their eyes and they winked their eyes several times
so that they could not concentrate.
Other 6 students responded that they forgot the information because they could not underline
and highlight key information in the text.
5.
What kind of difficulties did you face while using printed materials?
The answer of all participants are the same. They did not face any problems during test.
Moreover, they added that they felt comfortable to use printed handouts.
6.
What are the solutions to the problems in reading e-version materials?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
Result of experiment
Paper based handouts
E-version handouts
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
388
3 participants gave the solution that they should develop using e-version materials and learn
gain their concentration in using telephones.
2 participants recommended to change the device for reading because if they read from
laptops or computers they can highlight the main data.
2 students answered that doing some brain exercise can be helpful to develop memory.
Other 2 students thought that they should practice to use electronic materials more because
they are reasonably priced and do not impact on education negatively.
Discussion
As apparently seen in all tables of comparing the students’ result, the experiment benefited
to students to identify which material is easy to use and remember information. The result indicated
that the reading test scores in printed handouts are higher than test scores in e-version handouts. It
means that even though the online materials are cost-effective, using paper printed materials has
many advantages to teachers and students. From the results, it can be seen that the research study
answers three research questions successfully. The answer for first question is that using paper-
based materials are better to remember information easily and comfortable to use for kinesthetic
learners. Secondly, the research paper identifies some difficulties which student faced while
reading electronic materials. These problems are interruption, the pain of eyes, not gaining
concentration and not having opportunity to highlight key features of information in the text.
Several solutions to these difficulties are given in findings part in research paper. These are
learning to gain concentration in using telephones, changing the device for reading and doing some
brain exercise can be helpful to develop memory.
These results should be taken into account when considering to choose materials such as
textbooks, handouts, worksheets and books.
Conclusion
The study of research proved the hypothesis that reading printed materials is easy to
remember information than reading electronic materials. The participants of experiment test
showed their satisfaction about usefulness of participating experiment, checking their memory and
reading skill. They also interested in their results, and waited the analysis of data collection and
final conclusion about hypothesis. Most kinesthetic participants started to use printed materials in
education, especially in English classes. The research objective was to find out
contrast compare
and data about paper textbook copies and electronic textbooks on student use of reading materials
and to identify which type of textbook is more helpful to get knowledge and remember
information. The purposes are achieved and all research questions are answered.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research is conducted by student of KIUT in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
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ISSN:
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2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 9 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
389
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Citation:
Clinton-Lisell, V., Kelly, A.E., & Clark, T. (in-press). Modeling E-textbook Tools
or Encouraging Reading from Paper: What are the Effects on Medium Choice and Textbook
Use? College Teaching.
5.
APPENDIX
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b2-reading/millennials-in-the-
workplace
(the link of electronic handout)
7.
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b2-reading/work-life-balance
of printed materials)
