ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
73
SIFATNI O’RGANISH METODIKASI
Lolaxon Yo’lchiboyeva
Farg’ona davlat universiteti Ijtimoiy-gumanitar fanlar kafedrasi o’qituvchisi
Yo’ldasheva Nasiba Odilovna
Quva tuman 40-umumta’lim maktabi boshlang’ich sinf o’qituvchisi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10278272
Annotatsiya.
Mazkur maqolada Sifatni o’rganish metodikasi
tahlil qilingan. Mualliflar
taxlil yuzasidan ayrim xulosalarga erishgan.
Tayanch so’zlar:
sifat, sifatning ma’no turlari, sifat darajalari, qanday, qanaqa, maza,
shakl, rang, xususiyat.
METHODOLOGY OF QUALITY STUDY
Abstract.
This article analyzes the methodology of quality study. The authors have reached
some conclusions about the analysis.
Key words:
quality, meaning types of quality, levels of quality, how, what, taste, shape,
color, feature.
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА
Аннотация.
В данной статье анализируется методология исследования качества.
Авторы пришли к некоторым выводам по поводу анализа.
Ключевые слова:
качество, значения видов качества, уровней качества, как, что,
вкус, форма, цвет, признак.
Sifatni o’rganish sistemasi materiali leksik va grammatik tomondan izchillik bilan boyitib,
murakkablashtirib borishni ko’zda tutadi. O’quvchilar 1- sinfda sifatning leksik ma’nosini
kuzatadilar, sifatga qanday? qanaqa? so’rog’ini berishga o’rganadilar; 2- sinfda sifat so’z turkumi
sifatida o’rgatiladi. 3- sinfda ilgari o’rganilganlar takrorlanib, grammatik materialga bog’liq holda
-roq qo’shimchasi bilan yasalgan qiyosiy va orttirma darajadagi sifatlarning yozilishi o’rgatiladi.
(termin aytilmaydi). Ona tili va o’qish darslarida o’quvchilar nutqi yangi sifatlar bilan
boyitiladi, oldindan ma’lum bo’lgan sifatlarning ma’nosiga aniqlik kiritiladi.
Sifatni o’rganish metodikasi uning lingvistik xususiyatlariga asoslanadi. Sifat predmetning
belgisi (rangi, shakli, xajmi, ko’rinishi, maza, ta’mi, hidi, o’rin va paytga munosabati) ni
bildiradi. Sifatning leksik ma’nosi uni ot bilan bog’liq holda o’rganishni talab etadi. Sifatni
tushunish uchun 1- sinfdayoq bolalar e’tibori sifatning otga bog’lanishini aniqlashga qaratiladi.
O’quvchilar predmetning belgisini aytadilar, ularda so’roq yordamida gapda so’zlarning
bog’lanishini aniqlash ko’nikmasi o’stiriladi, ya’ni ular gapdagi sifat va otdan tuzilgan so’z
birikmasini ajratadilar (termin aytilmaydi). Keyingi sinflarda bu bog’liqlik aniqlashtiriladi.
SHunday qilib, sifatning semantik-grammagik xususiyatlari sifat ustida ishlashning leksik va
grammatik (morfologik va sintaktik) rejada olib borishni talab etadi.
Boshlang’ich sinflarda "sifat" mavzusi quyidagi izchillikda o’rganiladi:
1.
Sifat bilan dastlabki tanishtirish (1- sinf).
2.
Sifat haqida tushuncha berish. (2- sinf).
3.
SHu grammatik mavzu bilan bog’liq holda ayrim sifatlarning yozilishini o’zlashtirish.
(3- sinf).
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
74
Sifat bilan dastlabki tanishtirish. (1-bosqich) sifatning leksik ma’nosi va so’roqlari ustida
kuzatish o’tkazishdan boshlanadi. Predmetning belgilari xilma- xil bo’lib uni rangi, mazasi, shakli,
xususiyatlari tomonidan tavsiflaydi. SHunday ekan, sifat tushunchasini shakllantirish uchun uning
ma’nolarini aniqlash talab etiladi. O’qituvchi predmetni yoki uning rasmini ko’rsatadi, o’quvchilar
uning belgilarini aytadilar va yozadilar. Masalan, qanday? Olma - qizil, shirin, yumaloq olma.
Suhbat asosida o’quvchilar olma so’zi nima? So’rog’iga javob bo’lib, predmet nomini bildirishi,
qizil, shirin, yumaloq kabi so’zlar qanday? So’rog’iga javob bo’lib. predmetning belgisini
bildirishini aniqlaydilar, xulosa chikariladi. Qanday? qanaqa? so’roqlariga javob bo’lgan so’zlar
predmet belgisini bildiradi.
O’quvchilar belgi bildirgan bunday so’zlarning nutqimizdagi rolini anglashlari uchun sifat
ko’p uchraydigan matn tanlanib, avval sifatlarni tushirib qoldirib, so’ngra sifatlari bilan o’qib
beriladi va mazmuni taqqoslab ko’rsatiladi. Bu darslarda qo’rgazmalaridan keng foydalaniladi.
O’quvchilar qanday? qanaqa? so’roqlariga javob bo’lgan so’zlarni o’zlashtirishlari uchun
quyidagi mashqlardan foydalaniladi: 1. So’roq yordamida predmetning belgisini bildirgan
so’zlarni tanlash. 2. Aralash berilgan so’zlardan gap tuzish. 3. Matndan kim? yoki nima?
so’rog’iga javob bo’lgan so’zni va unga bog’langan qanday?, qanaqa? so’rog’iga javob bo’lgan
so’zni tanlab aytish va yozish. 4. Tayanch so’zlar va rasm asosida gap va hikoyacha tuzish.
2-
bosqichda asosan 2 vazifa: "Sifat" tushunchasini shakllantirish hamda o’quvchilar
nutqini yangi sifatlar bilan boyitib borish, fikrni aniq ifodalash uchun mazmunga mos
sifatlardan nutqda o’rinli foydalanish ko’nikmasini o’stirish hal qilinadi.
Sifatlarning leksik ma’nosi bilan birga uning xarakterli grammatik xususiyatlari ham qayd
etiladi. Sifatlarning xususiyatlarini umumlashtirish asosida o’quvchilar uning so’z turkumi
sifatidagi o’ziga xos ko’rsatkichlarini ko’rsatadilar. a) predmet belgisini bildiradi. b) qanday yoki
qanaqa? So’rog’iga javob bo’ladi v) gapda otga bog’lanib, shu ot bilan so’z birikmasi hosil qiladi,
ikkinchi darajali bo’lak vazifasida keladi.
O’quvchilarning sifatning leksik ma’nosi haqidagi tushunchalarini chuqurlashtirish va
predmetni har tomonlama tasvirlash malakasini o’stirish uchun:
1. Berilgan predmetlarning rangi, mazasi, shakli, xususiyatini ifodalaydigan sifatlar tanlash
va yozish. 2. Berilgan belgilariga qarab qaysi hayvon ekanini aniqlash; ehtiyotkor, ayyor, yovvoyi
(tulki) 3. Predmetlarning belgisiga qarab topishmoqlarning javobini aytish kabi mashqlardan
foydalanish mumkin.
Sifatning nutqimizdagi fikrni aniq va tushunarli ifodalashdagi rolini puxta o’zlashtirishga
erishish uchun sinonim va antonimlar ustida ishlash, o’qish darslarida o’z va ko’chma ma’noda
ishlatilishini kuzatish maqsadga muvofiq. Sifatni o’rganish jarayonida so’z yasashga oid
mashqlarni muntazam o’tkazib borish o’quvchilarda u yoki bu so’z turkumini yasash uchun so’z
yasovchi qo’shimchalardan ongli foydalanish malakasini shakllantiradi.
3-
bosqichda sifat haqidagi bilimlarni takomillashtirish, og’zaki va yozma nutqda sifatlardan
aniq o’rinli foydalanish ko’nikmasini o’rgatish bilan bog’liq holda -roq qo’shimchasi bilan
qo’llangan sifatlarni va ko’m-ko’k, yam-yashil sifatlarni to’g’ri yozish malakasi shakllantiriladi.
Ish mazmuni shu vazifalarni bajarishga qarab belgilanadi va o’quvchilarning nutqini o’stirishga
qaratiladi. Nazariy ma’lumotlarga asoslanib: matnda berilgan otlarning belgilarini ifodalaydigan
sifatlarni tanlab qo’yish, gapda sifat bilan bog’langan otni (so’z birikmasini) aniqlab yozish; otga
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 12 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
75
mos sifatlar tanlab predmetni tasvirlash, bsrilgan sifatlar yoki so’z birikmasi bilan gap tuzish
kabi mashqlardan foydalaniladi. Mashq materialini tanlashda -roq qo’shimchasi bilan qo’llangan
yaxshiroq, aqlliroq; kabi. shuningdek, tip-tiniq, sap-sariq kabi sifatlar ko’proq bo’lishiga e’tibor
beriladi. O’quvchilarning mustaqilligi oshgan sayin mashq topshiriqlari ham asta-sekin
murakkablashtirib boriladi. SHunday qilib, sifatni o’zlashtirishda uni ot bilan o’zaro bog’liq holda
o’rganishga asoslaniladi.
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