Socio-Philosophical Reflection of the Social Sphere Model
Dusmurod Rakhmonov
1
, Nilufar Nazarova
2
1. Head of the Department of Social Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences,
Gavhar Str. 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan,
2. Senior lecturer, Department of Social Sciences, Tashkent State Transport University, Temiryolchilar 1, Tashkent 100067,
Uzbekistan
(rakhmonovdusmurod, nazarovanilufar79)@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10462625
Keywords:
Social sphere, model, socio-philosophical reflection, philosophy of social sphere, dynamics of social
processes, social development, social welfare, national strategy.
Abstract:
In the article, the theoretical aspects of the concept of social sphere and its uniqueness, its ontology, logic,
axiology, ethics and methodology are researched because of socio-philosophical reflection. In addition, the
development of the social sphere is described based on various theoretical approaches, including historical-
formational, civilizational, technological and socio-economic approaches. The emergence of global problems
observed today and their direct impact on the social sphere - various diseases, environmental pollution,
economic and natural instabilities, and dependence on technologies - are explained by socio-philosophical
reflection. The article also provides an analysis of theoretical approaches to ensuring the development of the
social sphere. In particular, the analysis of considerations for defining social problems and studying them
based on the social pathological approach, social disorder approach, functional approach, conflict-value
approach, and interactionist approaches is shown..
1 INTRODUCTION
Because of the philosophical study of the social
sphere, it is necessary to study the historical-philosophical
foundations of the issue and the idea of philosophical
teachings in order to study the needs of citizens and
establish the mechanism of social service based on its
objects and networks. The philosophy of the social sphere
studies the creation and functioning of the social sphere,
the interrelationship of its components in meeting human
needs at the level of the cultural environment. In this case,
the relationship between the basic relationship and the
superstructure ensures the emergence of dilemmas [2]. A.
Orekhov, taking into account that social philosophy
studies the cognitive values of sociological evidence and
develops theories and concepts[17], during the study, the
essence of the social sphere as an ontological issue, its
past functions have changed based on the influence of exo
and endo factors, that is, the logic of the social sphere, the
values of the social sphere - axiological aspect, defining
the mechanism of applying science-technological and
innovative achievements to socio-cultural life, more
precisely, methodological bases are determined. The
theoretical and comparative analysis of the sources shows
that the social sphere in the USA operates on the basis of
the economic and demographic indicators of each state,
while the theoretical and methodological idea of all of
them operates on the basis of Liberal social policy [8].
2 Materials and Methods
Because of the reflection of the social sphere, social
theories will emerge, and it will be possible to determine
the dynamics and driving force of social processes. In this
case, the needs and requirements of large groups (in
particular ethnic, national, professional groups) have a
special influence, which can be shown in the form of
gestalt and reflection of the social sphere in the context of
the philosophy of the social sphere (table 2.1.1.
Philosophical description of the uniqueness of the social
sphere). If we take into account that many countries are
intensively preparing specialists in the field of STEM
(science,
technology,
engineering,
mathematics)
technology [10], it is not necessary to emphasize how
important it is to improve the personnel training system.
Table 2.1.1. Philosophical description of the
uniqueness of the social sphere.
#
Philosophy
of the social
sphere
Social sphere
gestalt
Socio-
philosophical
reflection
1
Ontology
Determining
the essence of
the
social
Knowing
the
essence of the
social sphere at
sphere
and
determining its
place
in
ensuring
the
well-being of
human life
the macro level
(society), meso
level
(social
institutions,
organizations),
micro
level
(individual-
personal)
2
Logic
To justify how
the
components of
the
social
sphere are and
how they are
interconnected
Knowing
the
meaning
of
constant
transformation
of the social
sphere,
the
emergence of
changes
3
Axiology
Determining
the nature of
the
social
sphere in the
process
of
evolution
of
human
phenomenon,
personality,
culture
and
spirituality
Knowing that
the
social
sphere follows
the
moral
motives,
norms, laws in
ensuring
a
comfortable
life of a person
4
Ethics
Determining
the acceptable
form
of
behavior
of
participants at
the level of the
social sphere
To
express
needs,
to
express
requirements
and to know
the content of
the manner of
relations to be
followed
in
their
satisfaction
5
Methodology
Acquiring,
comparing,
justifying,
relearning and
evaluating
different
knowledge
about
the
social sphere
Based on the
analysis of the
unity
of
experience,
knowledge and
practice, form
an image of the
social
sphere
and know its
future
development
period
The uniqueness of the social sphere is its ontology,
logic, axiology, ethics and methodology, and models of
its development can be determined based on socio-
philosophical reflection. I.N.Boldyreva states that
economic and spiritual activity is the basis of the
development of the social sphere, and that smooth or
wavy movement of this sphere requires the introduction
of new cooperation models in social relations [13], so that
the wavyness does not have a destructive content, it is
desirable to have a systematic approach to the
methodological aspects of the social sphere. At this point,
K. Armindjen's opinion about the Swiss social sphere is
noteworthy. According to him, the social sphere operates
on the basis of liberal ideas, or it can be seen as a remnant,
and the main goal is to satisfy the needs of citizens [1].
In our country, it is possible to point out the work
carried out in a targeted manner within the framework of
the programs "Obod Makhalla", "Obod Kyzhol" and
"Yashil Makon" nationwide project, in which the
satisfaction of the primary needs of our citizens is being
implemented as a social mechanism[4]. The purpose of
the social sphere is to use the available resources based on
the demands and proposals of large social groups to
satisfy the basic needs of a person and ensure the well-
being of life based on his demands and proposals. At this
point, the role of individual philanthropic activities or
institutionalized philanthropic activities should also be
taken into account. In order to determine the essence of
the matter, K.Kh. Momdjyan, the basis of the structure of
society, is represented by the levels of social life, and any
society is divided into four in order to follow the type of
human interaction. These include material (economic),
spiritual, organizational and social. It is not for nothing
that these levels are divided into four, and the fact that
they are equal to the elements of the life of society [19]
requires attention to the historical-philosophical aspects
of the issue.
According to P. V. Alekseev, there are stages of
development, including social development, in which
scientific approaches provide methodological and
political-cultural
content
[11].
Nevertheless,
the
development of the social sphere:
on the basis of the historical-formational approach
(determining the model of the social sphere on the basis
of specific criteria. In it, the laws, the forces that set the
process in motion are fully expressed);
based on the civilizational approach (shows the social
sphere based on the history of the emergence, growth and
decline of local civilizations based on the essence of the
high differentiation of social life, the growth of the
normative-regulatory value system, the rationalization of
production);
based on the technological approach (determines that
the development of the social sphere was influenced by
the scientific and technical revolution and influenced the
reformation and improvement of its content and tasks);
on the basis of the socio-economic approach (the
development of production, industry and agriculture,
unemployment in the social sphere has caused social
deformations, and the social sphere has developed in its
elimination).
The emergence of global problems and their direct
impact on the social sphere - various diseases,
environmental
pollution,
economic
and
natural
instabilities, and dependence on technologies require
socio-philosophical reflection [10]. In these aspects, the
above relations show that socio-philosophical reflection
is considered promising in the development of the social
sphere, because the basic-superstructure relationship is
characteristic of all social systems[16], E.I. Morozova
emphasizes that the superstructures have relative freedom
and activity. In our opinion, the base is primary compared
to the superstructure, V.P. Fofanova believes that the base
determines the functionality of the superstructure, and the
superstructure is considered the leader after the base is
replaced [23], the economy is the superstructure in the
development of the social sphere. In discussions about the
genesis and evolutionary levels of the social sphere:
that a single point of view has not been formed in
focusing on the breadth and narrowness of the contents of
the social sphere;
that when distinguishing the main components of the
social sphere, priority is given to economic, political,
legal, cultural and technological components;
existence of description of the social sphere on the
scale of levels such as social service, social protection,
social cooperation, social connection;
it can be observed that the conceptual approach to the
social sphere is not formed in terms of ontological,
logical, axiological, ethical and methodological aspects.
Methodologically, it is noteworthy that the Indian
philosopher D. Edra proposed defining paradigmatic
dilemmas on the basis of a "holistic and synoptic view" of
the social sphere [3]. All social relations are the
development of relations of social subjects, in which
social differentiation does not require a separate
separation in relation to labor and gender equality. Nor
does the function of the social sphere require it, since
health care, education, cultural recreation, awareness of
social security, household assistance and service are
available to every citizen.
Globally, mainly social welfare/quality of social life:
physical health;
population income;
social relations;
absence of depression;
employment;
if we assume that it is evaluated based on indicators
such as the availability of free time[5], it can be observed
that the development of the social sphere is directly
dependent on the activity of citizens.
E.O. Smoleva states that the well-being of social life,
the characteristics of subjective and objective conditions
of human existence, all relate to human needs and are
expressed in subjective imagination and assessment [18].
According to E.O. Smoleva, space and time are clearly
defined, and in the improvement of the social sphere, it is
necessary to take into account the problems related to that
space and the fact that some aspects of it are not expressed
or are manifested in a changed way in the course of
globalization. A social problem is an emerging situation,
situation, event or condition that affects a citizen directly
or indirectly in a negative way in society. Different
attitudes towards this concept are expressed at the
institutional level. However, XIX began to be used in
Northern Europe in the first half of the century. Today,
poverty, alcoholism and drug addiction, "social anxiety",
abortion, juvenile delinquency, violence against women,
various forms of discrimination, and unemployment are
among the most urgent social problems. It is possible that
these indicators can be distinguished in terms of their
priority in a specific area, as Yu.N. Zarubina and E.A.
Serova have shown that in the case of the Russian
Federation, juvenile delinquency, alcoholism, and
violence against women are represented relatively high in
percentage terms[15].
In ensuring the development of the social sphere,
social problems are decisive, and there are a number of
theoretical approaches to their study. Although T. Stoner
emphasized
that
the
state's
continuous
capital
accumulation, military occupation of territories, and the
use of new technologies are the primary issues in the
development of the industry[20], in our example, the first
and last indicators, namely capital accumulation and the
use of new technologies, are important for the
development of the social sphere [9, 25]. If we approach
the issue from the point of view of the problem of the
social sphere and the need to solve it, then:
social pathological approach (C. Lombroso, E.
Krechmer, V. Sheldon, etc.);
social disorder approach (U. Thomas, F. Znanetsky,
E. Burdjess, R. McKenzie, etc.);
functional approach (R. Merton, R. Nisbet, T.
Parsons, etc.);
conflict-value approach (K. Keys, V. Waller, R.
Fuller, R. Mewes, etc.);
interactionist approach (G. Becker, E. Lemert, etc.)
can be pointed out separately.
In ensuring the development of the social sphere,
defining social problems on the basis of the above-
mentioned approaches is decisive in determining the
direction and task of institutions and organizations
established for the implementation of the social sphere.
Then, there is no duplication in the performance of
institutions. In our country, it is known that such
approaches - because of putting an end to repetitions -
have appeared as a need, which is considered a normative
indicator of the improvement of the social sphere. Based
on the decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated December 21, 2022 "On measures to
implement administrative reforms of the new Uzbekistan"
No. PF-269:[22]
The Ministry of Public Education - the Ministry of
Pre-school and School Education was established on the
basis (stops duplication in terms of tasks and scope);
The Ministry of Investments and Foreign Trade was
established on the basis of the Ministry of Investments,
Industry and Trade (duplication was observed in tasks);
The Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty
Alleviation was established on the basis of the Ministry of
Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Poverty
Alleviation and Employment (duplication was observed
in tasks);
The Ministry of Finance was established on the basis
of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (duplication was
observed in tasks);
On the basis of the Ministry of Construction and the
Ministry of Housing and Communal Services, the
Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal
Services was established (duplication was observed in
tasks);
On the basis of the Ministry of Employment and
Labor Relations and the Ministry of Neighborhood and
Nurani Support, the Ministry of Poverty Reduction and
Employment was established (duplication was observed
in tasks);
The Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special
Education was established on the basis of the Ministry of
Higher Education, Science and Innovation (duplication
was observed in tasks);
The Ministry of Information Technologies and
Communications Development - the Ministry of Digital
Technologies was established on the basis (duplication
was observed in tasks);
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism was established
on the basis of the Ministry of Tourism and Cultural
Heritage and the Ministry of Culture (duplication was
observed in tasks);
Ministry of Pre-School Education - basically, the Pre-
School Education Agency was established under the
Ministry
of
Pre-School
and
School
Education
(duplication was observed in tasks);
The Ministry of Innovative Development - the
Innovative Development Agency was established under
the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation
(duplication was observed in tasks);
The Ministry of Sports Development was established
because of Youth Policy and Sports Ministry (duplication
is observed in tasks).
Committees:
The Ministry of Natural Resources was established on
the basis of the State Committee for Ecology and
Environmental Protection;
Anti-Monopoly
Committee
-
Committee
for
Competition Development and Protection of Consumer
Rights was established;
The Ministry of Mining and Geology was established
on the basis of the State Committee for Geology and
Mineral Resources;
Agencies:
On the basis of the Horticulture and Greenhouse
Development Agency under the Ministry of Agriculture,
the Agency for Providing Services in Agriculture under
the Ministry of Agriculture was established.
It can be seen that in the development of the social
sphere, science, education and innovation have an impact
in the form of spiritual power, and although N.M.
Berezhnoy has pointed out that in the dynamics of human
needs, the needs of material content are clearly expressed
compared to non-material ones [12], it should be shown
on the basis of analysis that in ensuring the development
of the social sphere :
socio-economic;
political-legal;
socio-cultural content is treated as a regulatory factor.
In this case, the state uses them within its functions, but
the welfare state is excluded. The main idea of the social
state is the need to develop mechanisms based on the
highest goal, demands and proposals to satisfy human
needs [14].
This situation, in turn, requires defining indicators for
the development of a national strategy for the
improvement of the social sphere. N.D. Emirov meant the
setting of indicators by innovative approaches to the
social sphere. The indicator is considered the only basis
for resource selection and orientation[24] . For this, based
on the "Adjemoglu-Robinson" concept (the economic
success or failure of any institution depends on the
priority of extractive or inclusive institutions. Two
archetypal contrasts are expressed in this: Extractive -
squeezes, withdraws. Inclusive - introduces, gathers):
a) in order to recognize the social sphere as a high
value, to create an exemplary model of it, to ensure socio-
philosophical reflection, to include the science of Social
Philosophy in all areas of Higher Education;
b) to have the culture of expressing personal values,
human needs and desire to satisfy students, for this
purpose prepare the "Fundamentals of the Social State"
module;
it is appropriate to set collective criteria for the
development of the social sphere.
The main source of development of the social sphere
is knowledge, improving it on the basis of scientific
research and bringing it to the level of value is a condition
for the social sphere not to pass in a wavelike manner.
Unemployment, youth crime, violence against women,
aggravation of the environmental situation, the presence
of various forms of discrimination in society, and
systemic problems in the social sphere are expressed.
This, in turn, shows that the issue of cogotological
analysis is becoming more urgent by analyzing the social
sphere on the basis of systematic, structural-functional,
sociodynamic, cognitological, functional, humanistic
ideas. On January 2, 2022, the mass protest that took place
in the Republic of Kazakhstan was based on the social
sphere. This situation, in turn, shows not to allow
processes in the social sphere to pass in a wavelike
manner, to carry out diagnosis and forecasting of the
sphere, and to implement improvement mechanisms,
which makes socio-philosophical reflection even more
relevant. Resolution No. 522 of the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated 23.09.2022 "to
organize food fairs at reasonable prices in all regions to
socially support the population of the republic"; The
timely delivery of coal and liquefied gas to families
included in the "Women's Register", "Youth Register"
and "Iron Register" and the provision of warm clothes for
children [21] is evidence that social sector facilities and
networks are being improved based on the needs and
gives demands of the population.
CONCLUSIONS
The socio-philosophical reflection of the social
sphere model provides an opportunity to introduce social
mechanisms in the form of "Social sphere - Real problems
in the social sphere - Resources for solving social sphere
problems - Social technologies" and serves to ensure
social solidarity of the population. As a result:
At a time when the foundation of the social state is
being established in our country, it is necessary to carry
out systematic studies to improve the model of the
national social sphere, taking into account the
paradigmatic aspects of social policy models such as
Liberal social, Conservative social, Social-democratic.
REFERENCES
[1]
Armingeon K. Institutionalising the Swiss welfare
state // West European Politics. – 2001. – Vol. 24. –
Issue 2. – P. 145–168.
[2]
Edara D. Biography of a Blunder: Base and
Superstructure in Marx and Later. – Newcastle
upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
–Рр.145.
[3]
Edara D. Biography of a Blunder: Base and
Superstructure in Marx and Later. – Newcastle
upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
–Рр.215.
[4]
., -
[5]
https://news.gallup.com/topic/global-
wellbeing.aspx
[6]
[7]
https://www.dw.com/ru/protesty-v-kazahstane-
2022/t-60488759., Dymova A. V., Zolotaiko A. I.
Kazakhstan protests in 2022: metaphorical
representation of the police. Vestnik of the Mari
State University, 2022, vol. 16, no. 4. -Pp. 535-541.
[8]
Ivanetska S.B., Galavda T.O. Social responsibility
as a factor of ensuring of increasing the level and
quality of life for the population // Economics,
Management, law, Innovation strategy. 2016. S. 1.
-Pр.19-22.
[9]
Nosirov, R., Yunusova, N., Nazarova, N., &
Shamsiddinova, E. (2023, June). Occupational
problems in youth competitiveness. In
AIP
Conference Proceedings
(Vol. 2789, No. 1). AIP
Publishing.
[10]
Swanson H., Collins A. Learning to Theorize in a
Complex and Changing World. 2019, Foresight and
STI Governance, vol. 13, no 2. - Pp. 98–106.
[11]
Алексеев П.В. Социальная философия: учеб.
пособие. – М.: ООО «ТК Велби», 2003. –С.126.
[12]
Бережной Н.М. Человек и его потребности / под
ред. В.Д.Диденко. - М.: Форум, 2001. -160 с.
[13]
Болдырева И.Н. Философский анализ рефлкции
в социальных процессах // Автореф... дис...
кандидата филос... наук. – М., 2012. – С.13.
[14]
Гончаров
Ю.М.
Основы
социального
государства. – Барнаул: АлтГТУ, 2016. – 134 с.
[15]
Зарубина Ю.Н., Серова Е.А. Социальные
проблемы современного общества. - Ярославль:
ЯрГУ, 2018. - 36 с.
[16]
Морозова Е.И. Методология и методы анализа
социальных систем. - М., 1995. – 321 с.
[17]
Орехов А. Социальные науки как предмет
философского и социологического дискурса /
Монография. – М.: Инфра, 2019. – С.68.
[18]
Смолева Е.О. Счастье и деньги: материальные
аспекты
субъективного
благополучия
//
Проблемы развития территории. 2020. №3 (107).
-С.144-166.
[19]
Социальная философия и философия истории:
учеб. пособие / Под ред. К.Х. Момджяна. – М.:
ИНФРА-М, 2018. –С.210.
[20]
Стоуньер Т. Информационное богатство:
профиль постиндустриальной экономики //
Новая технократическая волна на Западе. 1986.
– С.401.
[21]
Ўзбекистон
Республикаси
Вазирлар
Маҳкамасининг
“Иқтисодиёт
тармоқлари,
ижтимоий соҳа объектлари ва кўп квартирали
уй-жой фондини 2022/2023 йиллар куз-қиш
даврида
барқарор
ишлашга
тайёрлашни
таъминлаш
чора-тадбирлари
тўғрисида”ги
23.09.2022
йилдаги
522-сон
Қарори.
-
https://lex.uz/uz/docs/6204690
[22]
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг
2022 йил 21 декабрдаги ПФ-269-сон Фармони. -
[23]
Фофанов В.П. Социальная деятельность как
система. – Новосибирск: Наука, 1981. –С.56.
[24]
Эмиров Н.Д. Инновационные подходы в
управлении социальной сферой. - Санкт-
Петербург: Изд-во Политехнического ун-та,
2011. –С.189.
[25]
Abdinazarovich, R. D. (2023). PATRIOTIC
HYMN IN THE NATIONAL SPIRITUAL
HERITAGE (AS AN EXAMPLE OF UZBEK
FOLK
PROVERBS).
Academia
Science
Repository
,
4
(5), 1049-1058.
