“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
531
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSLATION INTERPRETING AS
A MODERN TYPE OF TRANSLATION
Abdullaeva Zumrad Yusubjon qizi
O‘
zDJTU 1-bosqich magistranti
Annotatsiya.
Maqolada sinxron tarjimaning turli jihatlari k
o‘
rib chiqiladi,
ular XX asr boshlarida vujudga kelgan va tarjimaning eng yosh turi hisoblanadi. Shu
bilan bir qatorda sinxron tarjima eng ommabop tarjima turi hisoblanadi. Sinxron
tarjima bugungi kunda bir nechta turlar bilan taqdim etilgan: sinxron, pichirlab
tarjima qilish, varaqdan tarjima qilish, dastlabki tarjima qilingan matnni bir vaqtda
o‘
qish.
Kalit s
o‘
zlari:
tarjima; o
g‘
zaki tarjima; izchil tarjima qilish; sinxron tarjima;
tarjima turlari; varaqdan tarjima qilish; dastlabki tarjima qilingan matnni bir
vaqtda
o‘
qish
.
Аннотация.
В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты
синхронного перевода, который появился в начале 20 века и считается
самым молодым видом перевода, который в настоящее время становится
одним из самых популярных видов перевода. Синхронный перевод сегодня
представлен несколькими разновидностями: синхронный, шушотаж,
перевод с листа, одновременное чтение заранее переведенного текста, а
также одновременное чтение заранее переведенного текста.
Ключевые слова
: перевод; устный перевод; последовательный
перевод; синхронный перевод; виды перевода; синхронный перевод;
шушотаж; перевод с листа; одновременное чтение заранее переведенного
текста.
Annotation.
The article deals with various aspects of simultaneous
translation, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, and considered
the youngest type of translation, which is currently becoming one of the most
popular types of translation. Simultaneous translation today is represented by
several varieties: actually simultaneous, whispering, translation from a sheet,
simultaneous reading of a pre-translated text, as well as synchronization of video
text and simultaneous-sequential translation.
Keywords:
translation; oral translation; consecutive translation;
Simultaneous translation; types of translation; actual simultaneous translation;
whispering; translation from a sheet; simultaneous reading of a previously
translated text.
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
532
At present, the role of translation is constantly growing, and one of the
reasons should be recognized as the processes of globalization, which are
intensively taking place in the world. In its most general form, translation itself is
understood, on the one hand, as the process during which the speech work of the
source language (SL) is re-created in the target language (TL), and on the other
hand, as the result of this process, i.e. a speech work in the target language that
appeared as a result of the translation process [Rarenko, 2010, p. 115
–
117].
An active theoretical understanding of translation falls on the middle of the
20th century, although certain aspects of translation activity were the subject of
reflection already in the ancient period, and treatises on the topic “how to
translate”, in which translators defended their translation principl
es, were often
mutually exclusive. In the twentieth century The systemic understanding of the
translation process was based on the linguistic aspect, which is consistently
traced in the works of both domestic and foreign researchers [Barkhudarov,
1975; Komissarov, 1973; Shiryaev, 1979; Retzker, 1950; Schweitzer, 1988;
Fedorov, 1983; Catford, 1965; Nida, 1969, etc.], subsequently supplemented by
others, such as linguo-psychological studies [Artemov, 1966; Belyaev, 1963;
Belyaev, 1965; Winter, 1975; Lambert, 1988; Dillinger, 1994 etc.].
Two forms of translation
–
written and oral
–
are equally in demand today.
It is believed that oral translation preceded written translation for the reason that
the first contacts between speakers of different languages were oral. Oral
translation has a number of differences from written translation, primarily due to
the form of its existence. Firstly, interpretation implies a single perception (since
there are no fixed forms of texts in the outgoing and target languages) 1. Secondly,
interpretation, to a greater extent than written translation, is contextually
determined and allows for invariance. Thirdly, interpreting is characterized by
spontaneity; it is carried out without delay in time. The practical benefit of oral
translation also lies in the fact that both the speaker and the listener are in an
equally advantageous position, since the former formulates a thought in his native
language, corrects it if necessary, and the listener perceives the message in his
native language, clarifies it if necessary, which is not possible in written
translation.
According to psycholinguistic studies, interpretation occurs either in two
stages
–
analysis and synthesis, brought to automatism, or in three stages, namely:
listening, perception, analysis and understanding of a linguistically significant
signal; then comprehension and, finally, the creation of a new linguistic signal.
Oral translation, as is known, is represented by two main varieties
–
consecutive translation and simultaneous translation. In consecutive
interpreting, the interpreter starts translating (or, more precisely, starts voicing
the text in TL) only after the end of the speaker
’
s speech or its fragment. If a fairly
large fragment of the text is to be translated, then, as a rule, translation takes place
in paragraphs, phrases, sentences. This can be recorded. Simultaneous
translation, or simultaneous translation proper, is a kind of oral translation, the
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
533
distinguishing feature of which is the simultaneity of the speaker
’
s speech and the
interpretation of his speech by a simultaneous translator. As noted in the
scientific literature, “the main feature of simultaneous translation is
the parallel
perception of the speaker
’
s speech and the generation of speech in the target
language” [Shiryaev, 1979, p. 6]. When describing simultaneous translation, they
usually say that it is carried out by an interpreter at the same time, although in
reality there is always a slight lag in the voicing of the translated text from the
speaker
’
s text, usually for a professional simultaneous interpreter the lag is from
2 to 10 seconds, depending on the subject the text, its complexity, the psycho-
emotional state of both the speaker and the translator, etc.
The scope of simultaneous translation is, as a rule, massive international
events (meetings, conferences, high-level meetings, sports competitions, etc.),
in which a large number of participants who speak different languages take part.
Events differ in duration, so the use of consecutive translation is not possible.
The implementation of simultaneous translation requires additional
financial resources, since it requires the use of special equipment, as a rule, a
booth with headphones and a microphone for the interpreter, headphones and
language switching channels for the recipients of the translation.
The history of simultaneous translation is inextricably linked with the
history of translation in general. Translation practice is one of the oldest types of
human activity. It is generally accepted that the first interpreters
–
interpreters
who helped overcome the barrier in communication between multilingual tribes
and nationalities
–
appeared immediately after multilingual groups emerged in
the history of mankind, and the need for translation arose. The oldest image of an
interpreter known to date, in an ancient Egyptian bas-relief, dates back to the 3rd
millennium BC. Then the task of the translator, as now, was apparently to ensure
contact between people speaking different languages. The possibility of
translation from one language to another and the existence of interlanguage
communication in general, more than any other theory that language reliably
fulfills its primary function of communication. The reason for the difficulties
observed in the translation process is not in the languages, but in the level and
qualifications of the translators. In practice, there has never been a barrier
between nations because of languages. If we pay attention to the objective nature
of thinking, then there is a need to dwell on the existence of views on language as
a barrier between thinking and existence. Although many oppose the application
of this principle to language, it suggests that language itself has the ability to filter
the content of knowledge in some ways through its structural structure.
Changing the initial thesis of the theory of linguistic relativity that "thought
is the material of language" to the thesis that "thought is the material of different
languages" cannot clearly show the essence of the matter. In both the first and the
second option, thought cannot be the material of language. In this case, language
should not be understood only as a tool for processing thought. However, whether
thought is processed using one or more languages is a matter of language
judgment.
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
534
In conclusion, it can be said that simultaneous translation will be used in
various fields in the future effectively. This type of translation significantly
reduces the time of international seminars and agreements.
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va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
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