“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
591
TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF SET PHRASES AND IDIOMS
Ergashev Azimjon Erkinovich
student of the Translation Faculty
Bakirova Khilolakhon Botiraliyevna
Scientific advisor. senior teacher Uzbekistan state world languages university
Annotation.
This article is devoted to the setting of phrases and idioms how
translates some phrases and idioms from SL to TL. In addition, it gives information
about what translators should do when translating some certain phrases.
Keywords:
SL (source language), TL (target language), translation, phrases,
idioms, phraseological units.
Аннотация:
Данная статья посвящена настройке фраз и идиом, как
переводятся некоторые фразы и идиомы с ИЯ на ЦЯ. Он также содержит
информацию о том, что следует делать переводчикам при
переводе
определенных фраз.
Ключевые слова:
ИЯ (исходный язык), ЦЯ (целевой язык), перевод,
словосочетания, идиомы, фразеологические единицы.
Annotatsiya
: Ushbu maqola ba
’
zi iboralar va idiomalarni MT (manbaa tili)
dan MT (maqsadli til) ga qanday tarjima qilishiga iboralar va idiomalarni
o
‘
rnatishga bag
‘
ishlangan. Bundan tashqari, ba
’
zi bir iboralarni tarjima qilishda
tarjimonlar nima qilishlari kerakligi haqida ma
’
lumot beradi.
Kalit s
o‘
zlar:
SL (manba tili), TL (tarjima, iboralar, idiomalar, frazeologik
birliklar.
Phraseological units are figurative set expressions often described as
"idioms". Such units have an important role to play in human communication.
They produce a considerable expressive effect for, besides conveying information,
they appeal to the reader
’
s emotions, his aesthetic perception, his literary and
cultural associations. Whenever the author of the source text uses an idiom, it is
the translator
’
s duty to try and reproduce it with the utmost fidelity.
Selecting the appropriate method of translation the translator should take
into account the following considerations:
1. Translating the SL idiom by an identical TL idiom is, obviously, the best
way out. However, the list of such direct equivalents is rather limited.
The translator has a good chance of finding the appropriate TL idiom if the SL
idiom, is, so to speak, international, that is, if it originated in some other language,
say Latin or Greek, and was later borrowed by both SL and TL. Cf. the English
“Achilles’
heel” and the Russian “Ахиллесова
пята” and the Uzbek “Axilles tovoni
(nozik joy)”. Equivalent idioms may be borrowed in more recent periods, too,
e.g. “the game is not worth the candle”
–
«игра
не
стоит
свеч»
(both borrowed
from French), in the Uzbek “vaqt sarflashga arzimaydi”.
“Arab tili globallashuv
davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
592
2. Whenever the translator fails to find an identical TL idiom he should start
looking for an expression with the same figurative meaning but a different literal
meaning. Cf. “to get out of bed on the wrong side” –
«встать
с
левой
ноги»
–
“kuni
rasvo
o‘tmoq”. Here the change in the literal meaning of the idiom does not detract
much from its effect. Two additional factors, however, should be taken into
consideration. First, here again the translator should take care to preserve the
original emotional or stylistic characteristics. So, the English "Jack of all trades"
and the Russian «мастер
на
все
руки» both refer to a person who may turn his
hand to anything. However, the Russian idiom should not be used to translate the
English one, as they are quite different emotionally. In English "Jack of all trades"
is derogatory, for he is “master of none”, while the Russian saying implies that the
man can do many different things well.
3. A word-for-word translation of the SL idiom is not possible unless the
Russian reader will be able to deduce its figurative meaning. Therefore a caique
of the English idiom “a skeleton in the cupboard” will be counterproductive, while
“to put the cart before the horse” can be well rendered as «ставить
телегу
впереди
лошади» but in the uzbek it means “behuda ishlarga ko‘p vaqt sarflash”.
4. Obviously an explication cannot reproduce the semantics of the SL idiom
in a satisfactory way and should be used only in the absence of a better alternative.
Cf. "to cut off with a shilling" and «лишить
наследства» or "to dine with Duke
Humphrey and «остаться
без
обеда» and «tushliksiz qolmoq».
Idioms and fixed expressions which contain culture-specific items are not
necessarily untranslatable. It is not the specific items an expression contains but
rather the meaning it conveys and its association with culture-specific contexts
which can make it untranslatable or difficult to translate. For example, the English
expression to carry coals to Newcastle, though culture-specific in the sense that it
contains a reference to Newcastle coal and uses it as a measure of abundance, is
nevertheless closely paralleled in Russian by
в
Тулу
со
своим
самоваром
and
Uzbek by
“keraksiz ishlarni qilish”
. Both expressions convey the same meaning,
namely: to supply something to someone who already has plenty of it.
(b) An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the
target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may
have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically
transferable. To sing a different tune is an English idiom, which means to say or
do something that signals a change in opinion because it contradicts what one has
said or done before. To go to the dogs (
‘
to lose one
’
s good qualities
’
) has a similar
counterpart in German, but whereas the English idiom can be used in connection
with a person or a place, its German counterpart can only be used in connection
with a person and often means to die or perish.
(c) An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and idiomatic
senses at the same time. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the
source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be
successfully reproduced in the target text.
“Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innova
tsion yondoshuvlar
va
o‘qitish metodikasi”
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
593
(d) An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the
target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may
have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically
transferable. An idiom may be used in the source text in both its literal and
idiomatic senses at the same time. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds
to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom
cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text.
For example:
•
Pink elephant
–
Qizil qor yo
g‘
ganda( hech qachon)
•
When pigs fly
–
Tuyani dumi yerga tekkanda
•
A piece of cake
–
Xamirdan qil su
g‘
urgandek ( juda oson)
•
To kill two birds with one stone
–
Bir
o‘
q bilan ikki quyonni urmoq
•
Crows do not pick crow
’
s eyes out
–
Qar
g‘
a qar
g‘
aning k
o‘
zini ch
o‘
qimaydi
•
Like water of a duck
’
s back
–
Dunyoni suv bossa
o‘
rdakka ne
g‘
am
•
As silly as goose
–
Tovuq miya
•
To get out of bed on the wrong foot
–
Chap yoni bilan turmoq
•
Cry stinking fish
–
wash dirty linen in public
–
Yomon tovuq xirmon oshar,
o‘
z sirini
o‘
zi ochar
•
Under the weather
–
Kasal b
o‘
lish arafasida
•
Curiosity killed the cat
–
Qizziqonlik mushukni
o‘
ldiradi
•
Kick the bucket
–
Hayotdan k
o‘
z yummoq
•
Butterflies in my stomach
–
Noqulay holatga tushmoq
•
Cat got your tongue?
–
Tilingni yutib yubordingmi?
•
Not to look a gift hourse in the mouth
–
Berganning betiga qarama
•
Dumb as a fish
–
O
g‘
ziga talqon solganday jim.
Reference:
1. Basnett Mc.Guire (1980) Translation features. New-York Publishing
House.
2. Newmark P. (1981) Approaches to translation. Oxford University Press.
