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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
ISSN: 2576-5973
Vol. 3, No.1, Jan-Feb 2020
Restructuring the system of higher education of Uzbekistan in the
conditions of increasing the competitiveness of the economy
Nozim Muminov
1
, Pazliddin Hoshimov
2
, Tatyana Kim
3
, Gulnora Zahirova
4
, Khabibulla Rakhmatov
5
1,2,3
PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Economic Theory, National University of Uzbekistan,
Uzbekistan
4
Senior Lecturer of the Department of Economic Theory, National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
5
2-d year student, Department of Regional Economy, National University of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Correspondent author:
DOI 10.31150/ajebm.Vol3.Iss1.112
Abstract
:
In this scientific article explored the questions connected with high educational
system in Uzbekistan with the international experience view. There are demonstrated the structures
of high education of Uzbekistan and it’s evolution and there are given some information in charts
& diagrams. By learning innovative and progressive methods of education of the foreign countries
there are given some suggestions and recommendations to improve and develop of intellectual
potential, educational sector and academies of republic of Uzbekistan in international arena
.
Keywords:
Academies, international experiences, the quality of education, decrees of the
president, intellectual potential, the innovations in educational system, retraining the skilled
specialists, the system of education, diagrams and tables.
Introduction
A country that aspires to progress and wants to become competitive must pay attention to
science. Uzbekistan must develop as a progressive and innovative country.
Education begins from the family and nurture, and every child, every person has the right to it,
because the future of any country depends on a new, educated generation. No one rules out that our
country has created all the opportunities and conditions for obtaining high-quality and modern
education. One of the main tasks of higher education institutions in our country is the training and
retraining of qualified personnel that meet the requirements and technologies of today. The creation of
new and innovative higher education institutions, the opening of correspondence
and evening forms of education, and new methodologies for training and retraining of young
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professionals, as well as the increase in quotas for admission to higher education institutions in the
regions are progressive reforms in our country.
The main part
In recent years, Uzbekistan has been working to improve the socio-economic situation and
create higher education institutions that meet international standards of education. In improving the
quality of training and retraining of specialists, the role of higher education institutions is great. The
quality of knowledge obtained in higher education institutions is associated with the level of
competence of students, the intellectual potential of the teaching staff and the highest level of teaching
methods. New programs, attracted faculty, category of students, modern technologies and others of
this kind, ensure the perfection and attractiveness of higher education institutions. In order to improve
the system of higher education the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed several decrees:
S
Presidential decree PP-2909 of April 20, 2017 "on improving the system of higher education»;
S
Presidential decree PP-3151 of July 27, 2017 " on increasing the role of the economy by sectors
and spheres in the training and retraining of specialists with higher education»;
S
Presidential decree PP-3182 of August 8, 2017. "on improving the socio-economic situation of
the regions»;
S
Presidential decree PP-3775 of June 5, 2018 "on improving the quality of education in higher
education institutions and providing young professionals with higher education, participation
in progressive reforms carried out in the country»
1
In Uzbekistan, higher education institutions have legal status. There are the following types of
higher education institutions:
>
Universities
>
Academies
>
Institutes
The legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan allows to open non-state (private) higher education
institutions taking into account the laws and regulations of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Ministry
of higher and secondary special education.
In total, there are 99 higher education institutions in our country, 24 branches of local institutes
and universities and 14 branches of foreign higher education institutions. And the quantity of institutes
in our country is 33, the quantity of universities is 24, academies - 2, 1 higher school and 1
Conservatory. If we look at the history, at the beginning of 1991, when the country only gained
1
From the decrees of the president of Uzbekistan.
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independence, the quantity of higher education institutions was 46 in the country. By 2019, This figure
has grown almost 2 times and left 99. However, if in 1991/1992 academic years the number of students
enrolled in higher education was about 337,4 thousand people, then by 2018/2019 academic year
statistics has grown imperceptibly, only 337,9 thousand people. One of the main reasons for a slight
increase in the quantity of students in higher education can be called the collapse of the USSR, then
many nationalities, especially Russians, have left the country and moved to the current Russian
Federation, and the number of people living in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan was sharply
reduced and was lower than in 1991/1992 academic year. Currently, if we compare the approximate
number of students enrolled in higher education institutions with the indicator of the end of the last
century, is about 337.9 we can say that today we have caught up and are ahead of the statistics of 1991.
Table №1.
The quantity of students, that entered to academies from 2000/2001 to 2018/2019
2
Regions
School year
2018/2019
2000/2001
relatively
2000/
2001
2005/
2006
2010/
2011
2015/
2016
2016/
2017
2018/
2019
Uzbekistan
44711
53915
64113
63933
63065 108745
2,4 times
Republic of
Karakalpakstan
2257
3616
3710
3993
4066
6767
3,0 times
Regions:
Andijan
2760
2958
3195
3395
3877
5529
2,0 times
Bukhara
2647
2942
3348
3389
3472
6581
2,5 times
Jizzakh
1066
1335
1866
2022
2052
4788
4,5 times
Kashkadarya
1696
1744
2690
2945
2954
5072
3,0 times
Navai
1202
1642
2107
2238
2093
3358
2,8 times
Namangan
1761
2278
2830
2772
2721
5741
3,3 times
Samarkand
3308
4455
5362
5884
5998
9870
3,0 times
Surkhandarya
1403
1490
1616
1644
1724
5485
4,1 times
Syrdarya
680
692
964
1042
916
2705
4,0 times
2
edu.uz; stat.uz
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Tashkent region
1949
2592
3169
1957
1517
4662
2,4 times
Fergana
2699
3784
4533
4550
4604
9318
3,4 times
Khorezm
1023
1819
1922
2050
1956
4390
4,3 times
Tashkent
20260
22568
26801
26052
25115
34479
1,7 times
If we consider and correlate the quotas of students admitted to higher education institutions in
Uzbekistan in 2000/2001 and 2018/2019 academic years, we can see that in 2000/2001 academic years,
the quantity of accepted students according to statistics was 44711 thousand people. In the period to
2016/2017 academic years this figure has gradually increased to 63065, due to higher quotas in
educational institutions, open correspondence and evening offices quantity of enrolled students in
higher education increased almost 2 times and amounted to 108745 thousand. And if to correlate
2018/2019 academic year with 2000/2001 that is, the figure exceeded 2.4 times. From this we can
conclude that every year the quota and the quantity of students enrolled in higher education institutions
will grow.
Table №2.
The distribution of students graduated the academies from 2000/2017 to 2017/2018 school
year
3
.
Regions
School year
2017/2018
2000/2001
relatively.,in %,
times
2000/
2001
2005/
2006
2010/
2011
2015/
2016
2016/
2017
2017/
2018
Uzbekistan
31568
57845
76379
66300
64100
68494
2.2
Republic of
Karakalpakstan
1796
3059
4974
3900
3900
4358
2.4
Regions:
Andijan
2034
3586
4511
3700
4000
4209
2.1
Bukhara
1381
2628
4417
3400
3400
3409
2.5
Jizzakh
630
1410
2549
2500
2300
2732
4.3
Kashkadarya
1295
1882
3639
3000
3100
3559
2.7
3
edu.uz, stat.uz
Navai
956
1779
3088
2200
2100
2197
2.3
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Namangan
1199
2690
3914
2700
2700
2948
2.5
Samarkand
2911
4680
5971
5900
6000
6417
2.2
Surkhandarya
908
1846
1995
1700
1700
1891
2.1
Syrdarya
391
785
1228
1000
1000
986
2.5
Tashkent region
1382
2564
3604
1800
1800
1745
126.3
Fergana
2068
4158
5588
4800
4600
4769
2.3
Khorezm
850
1711
2181
2000
2000
2163
2.5
Tashkent
13767
25067
28720
27700
25500
27111
2.0
In the academic year 2000/2001, 31568 students across the country were honored with higher
education. At the same time, the largest share comes to the city of Tashkent, where the quantity of
graduates turned out to be 13767. And the smallest number was revealed in the Syrdarya region, where
the quantity of graduates of higher educational institutions was only 391 people. In other regions, the
indicators differed slightly from each other. By 2010/2011 academic year across the country the
number of graduates of higher educational institutions has become the maximum 76379 thousand
people for the entire period of time according to the current. Over the following years, the figure
gradually fell and by the 2017/2018 academic year amounted to 68494 thousand people and it is
relatively higher than the figure of the 2000s by 2.2 times.
Now let's consider the ratio of students of higher educational institutions by specialties (in%).
In the academic year 2010/2011 the percentage of students in the humanitarian sphere was
50%, in the spheres of industry and machinery - 18%, in services - 4%, in Economics, law and social
fields - 15%, agriculture and water management - 6% health care and social assistance - 7%. In the
period 2018/2019 academic years this figure was as follows:
•
The humanitarian sphere is 46.6%;
•
Industry and technology-27.3%;
•
The service sector was 4.1%;
•
Economics, law and social sphere-8.7%;
•
Agriculture and water resources - 6,8%;
•
Health and social security-6.5%.
From this, we can say that in 10 years the quantity of students studying in the humanitarian sphere
has quietly dropped by 4%, and despite this, the humanitarian direction is leading to this day. In second
place is the sphere of industry and technology with 27.3%. It can be noted that the number of applicants
enrolled in the field of industry and technology for 10 years increased by almost 10% and amounted
to 27.3%. If we do not consider the economy, law and social sphere which from 2010/2011 academic
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year to 2018/2019 grew from 8.7 to 15%, almost 2 times, we can say that in other areas for 10 years,
no special changes have occurred.
■
2010/2011
■
2018/2019
Diagramm №1. The qualitative structure of faculty system of academies in Uzbekistan
2
.
According to the chart and statistics, during the academic year 2010/2011, the percentage of faculty
was as follows:
>
teachers without academic degrees-59%
>
candidates of science-3 3%
>
doctor of science-7%
In the period 2018/2019 the indicator was:
>
teachers without academic degrees-32%
>
candidates of science-23%
>
doctor of science-8%
As we can see, the quantity of people engaged in scientific activities every year is becoming
smaller, proof of this could be called the above figures. Over 10 years, i.e. from 2010 to 2019, the
figure of people engaged in scientific activities (PhD) fell by 10%, the percentage of doctoral
protections since 2010 increased by a slight 1%, and teachers without scientific degrees at all fell by
almost 30%. Fewer and fewer people want to be a teacher in our country.
To improve the quality of training of qualified personnel and improve the system of higher education
will require a lot of effort. First of all, taking into account the international experience, the reforms
2
The diagram created with information in stat.uz and edu.uz
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carried out in our country, the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the training of qualified
personnel in all areas to ensure cooperation of industrial companies, ministries and institutions with
higher education institutions in order for students to escape from theories and merge with practice in
different institutions, in a competitive environment to form special educational programs and
documents for effective management of the higher education system, to form and develop a
mechanism of competitive environment in higher education institutions, to restructure the financing
of higher education to improve the quality of knowledge.
Conclusion
Summing up the results of this brief study, it should be noted that preserving the state
supervision to create a system of decentralization of higher education management, that is:
S
Increase the number of foreign educational institutions on the territory of the Republic of
Uzbekistan;
S
Gradually move to a system where higher education institutions will independently determine
the amount of contracts;
S
To solve problems in industrial enterprises and production to form a number of scientific
research, for the effectiveness of production to introduce technical, innovative projects,
master's and doctoral dissertations in practice, to reclassify higher education institutions in the
centers of scientific research to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of industrial
enterprises;
S
Maintaining, for example, cooperation between higher education institutions and the labour
market. In a competitive environment, increase quotas for those specialties where the
requirements for them are much higher. Carry out some extrapolation and expert assessments
(personnel planning) to predict the requirements for qualified personnel for individual regions;
S
Taking into account the international experience to open new directions in bachelor's and master's
degrees, to improve the system of financing of higher education institutions.
All in all, in a competitive and market-based system, the above proposals will be able to give
impetus to the development and maintenance of higher education and raise the ranking of local higher
education institutions in the international arena.
References
1.
Muminov N. - The potential and the structure of education in European countries. The
magazine “Modern education” - 2015.
2.
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https://cyberleninka.rU/article/n/buyuk-britaniyaning-talim-tizmi - 2017
3.
Rakhmanov N. - The main problems in educational system of Uzbekistan. // The magazine
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“Macroeconomic problems” Tashkent TSUE - 2015
4.
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