German International Journal of Modern Science №19, 2021
27
ECONOMIC SCIENCES
THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL IN THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
NATIONAL ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL APPROACH
Muminov N.
Professor, Department of Economic Theory,
National University of Uzbekistan
named after Mirzo Ulugbek
DOI:
10.24412/2701-8369-2021-19-2-27-29
Abstract
The article examines the theoretical aspects of the intellectual potential in the innovative development of the
economy. A definite and clear connection between the development of the intellectual sphere and economic
growth, the standard of living of the population is described. The role and place of intellectual potential in inno-
vative systems and factors influencing it are analyzed.
Keywords
: intellectual potential, intellectual capital, innovative lag, innovative economy, science, scientific
and technological development, intellectual product, innovative company.
The effective functioning of the modern economy
largely depends on the level of development and use of
the intellectual potential of society. The development
of the intellectual sphere of a country or region is a de-
cisive factor in competitiveness, economic growth, and
an increase in the standard of living of the population.
If competitive advantages in the traditional economy
provided access to natural sources and raw materials,
then in the knowledge economy, innovation and entre-
preneurship, which are based on knowledge and infor-
mation with a developed infrastructure (Internet, data-
bases, telecommunications, mobile communications),
became the basis for success. Intellectual potential is a
source of new knowledge, ideas, information that can
improve the efficiency of the economy as a whole. That
is why the study of this topic is especially important to-
day.
It is no coincidence that in the second half of the
20th century the theories of human and intellectual cap-
ital were born and developed. Under the influence of
new trends in the development of the world economy,
the views of leading theorists and practitioners have
made significant changes in the understanding of the
factors of economic progress and social develop-
ment[1]. The post-industrial concept of development,
along with material and non-material components, in
modern conditions also includes a human (intellectual)
resource as a national wealth. Such a transformation of
the economy is possible because earlier labor was the
main thing, and today the third component, intellectual
capital, has entered the arena. [2] Economists noted that
in general, only 50% of GDP growth can be explained
by the growth of labor resources and physical capital,
while the other 50% is accounted for by intellectual
capital [3].
Studies conducted in the EU showed that enter-
prises that partially use intellectual capital receive on
average 14% of profit, those that use it more actively -
39%, and those enterprises that consider intellectual
capital as the basis for strategic development - 61%. It
should be noted that in the context of the development
of a knowledge-based economy, there is a close inter-
twining of such concepts as "intellectual capital", "hu-
man capital", "innovative work", "innovative activity",
etc. [4]
The concept of "intellectual potential" is usually
defined as "the ability of a system (state, region, enter-
prise, organization, etc.) to find unique solutions to
achieve significant results in the field of science, tech-
nology, technology, in the spiritual and moral sphere."
[4]. It is the intellectual potential that characterizes the
intellectual sphere of a country or region.
Intellectual potential (of a region, country or soci-
ety) is a special set of resources of social production,
which includes material, natural, labor, financial and
information resources [5]. Intellectual potential charac-
terizes the initial state of the object, on the basis of
which it is possible to realistically determine the prom-
ising goals.
Intellectual potential is inextricably linked with
material production and is its organic component. The
rapid development of the national intellectual potential
and the sphere of production of intellectual products
can be achieved only with appropriate support from the
material component of production. This expresses the
driving force of their development and growth.
The experience of developed countries shows: "...
scientific, technical and technological progress leads to
a reduction in the number of employed in agriculture
and industry, a decrease in the cost of the corresponding
products, while increasing the welfare of the people."
This causes a huge demand for various kinds of ser-
vices, gives a powerful boost to creativity, retraining of
personnel taking into account new entrepreneurial in-
terests and stimulation of innovative solutions. There is
a need for a new paradigm of social progress, commen-
surate with the imperatives of creating a different
model of life, a person who is worthy, well educated
and highly moral. To achieve this level of social pro-
gress is the goal of every renewing society, including
ours.
Intellectual capital should be distinguished from
intellectual potential, which characterizes the possibili-
ties for its growth. Intellectual capital is a real system
of relations that has a certain value as a complex and
28
German International Journal of Modern Science №19, 2021
mostly intangible asset. Intellectual potential is not only
the ability of the enterprise to maintain the achieved
level of material and organizational well-being of the
company, but also the ability of the enterprise to further
develop in all directions, including, if necessary, the
ability to globally restructure each link of the system
"management - personnel - assets ". The innovation lag
is the time interval required for the transformation of
intellectual potential into intellectual capital.
An innovative economy can exist and develop
only in a knowledge society, in which the acquisition
and use of knowledge is determined not only by con-
siderations of economic expediency, but also by the fact
that knowledge in various forms is included in the daily
life of people [6].
The role and place of intellectual potential in in-
novation systems is determined by both internal (intan-
gible, need, usefulness, efficiency, manufacturability,
profitability, viability, competitiveness, the ability to
implement and use as intangible assets) and external
factors. Intellectual property and ownership of the
product of innovative activity are singled out as a con-
dition for the functioning of the innovation sphere.
They determine the main difference between the inno-
vation sphere and the scientific one - the predominance
of exchange processes in the transfer of products, a
clear designation of property rights when carrying out
exchange transactions between entities engaged in in-
novation activities and entities external to this area. Sci-
ence acts as the basis for the innovative development of
an enterprise and is largely due to the demand on its
part. In general, the level of development of science and
high technology production determines the scientific
and technical development of the country. The products
on the market of intelligent products are the results of
research and development, sets of design and techno-
logical documentation, original technical solutions and
software. The main consumer quality of an intelligent
product is its ability to generate additional profit thanks
to new knowledge with the most effective ways to sat-
isfy consumer needs.
Innovative companies act as organizations that
generate new knowledge, applying it to design, manu-
facturing, trade, service delivery. Almost all types of
products include materialized knowledge from com-
plex production equipment to household appliances. In
this case, the "intangible" intellectual assets of the or-
ganization become the object of management. Today
firms, in contrast to the period of industrialization, track
the emergence of new scientific knowledge even at the
stage of fundamental research and strive to be the first
to get positive results at their disposal.
As a result of this rivalry, scientific and technolog-
ical progress was gradually transformed into a scien-
tific and technological race. The share of knowledge
capitalization in the total capitalization indicator of an
average modern high-tech enterprise has reached 85%
[7]. At the same time, the most valuable knowledge is
those that can take the form of protected intellectual
property in the form of inventions, industrial designs,
utility models, trademarks, PC programs, databases,
etc. Innovation is based on new knowledge [8].
For a long time, the production of knowledge as
an innovative process was considered mainly as a phe-
nomenon related only to those industries that are char-
acterized by the so-called high technologies, the manu-
facture of new product samples directly on the basis of
specific scientific research and technical developments,
technological innovations [9]. However, practice has
refuted such a narrow approach to effective poisoning,
proving that there can be no industries, industries and
companies that do not use new knowledge in the man-
ufacture of products, the provision of services and the
management methods themselves. Innovation pro-
cesses are an indispensable condition for the develop-
ment of all spheres of activity in the era of technologi-
cal and information revolutions.
Uzbekistan has a powerful scientific, technical, in-
tellectual potential and, faced with the need to quickly
and efficiently solve complex scientific and technolog-
ical problems of reforming key sectors of its economy,
in recent years has given priority to cooperation in this
area with leading scientific, academic centers from dif-
ferent countries and regions [10].
Modern universities are institutions of society that
professionally solve the problem of translating
knowledge into intellectual capital by using the re-
sources of globality, openness, dynamism, and a con-
stant influx of active youth [11].
The Concept for the Development of the Higher
Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until
2030 indicates that it is necessary to focus on the crea-
tion of techno parks, foresight centers, transfer technol-
ogy centers, startups and accelerators in higher educa-
tional institutions by attracting foreign investments, ex-
panding the scale of paid services and other extra-
budgetary funds, bringing them to the level of scientific
and practical institutions for forecasting and research-
ing the socio-economic development of the relevant in-
dustries, spheres and regions [12].
So, the main means of production in today's econ-
omy are the intellectual abilities of the individual. With
the development of scientific and technological pro-
gress, intellectual potential develops into intellectual
property, and then into intellectual capital, acquiring
autonomy of reproduction and increment.
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