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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
RABBITS, KEEPING AND FEEDING
TECHNOLOGY
У.И.Мухаммадиев
Student of Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine,
Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology
E-mail: utkirxonmukhammadiyev081@gmail.com
А.Х.Хушназаров
Samarkand State Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and
Biotechnology University, PhD Student
E-mail: phd.xushnazarov@gmail.com
Р.Б.Давлатов
Samarkand State Veterinary Medicine, Animal Husbandry and Biotechnology
University, Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Professor
E-mail: davlatov.r1965@gmail.com
Abstract:
Keyword
This article provides detailed information on the
biological indicators of rabbits, their care, feeding
technologies, provides important information necessary
for rabbit breeders and those interested in production and
practice.
Rabbit, biology, food, catak, vitamins,
asrash
INTRODUCTION
Rabbit farming is considered one of the most productive branches of animal
husbandry in terms of increasing the production of meat products and
supplying light industry with raw materials. In the decision of the President of
our country dated January 29, 2020 "On additional measures to support the
livestock industry" No. PQ-4576, along with the development of other
branches of livestock breeding, the tasks of developing specialized rabbit
breeding, building rabbit farms and equipping them are defined. According to
this decision, based on the plan for the development of rabbit breeding in our
Republic, the program for launching rabbit breeding clusters in 2020-2024 has
been developed and is being put into practice.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY
The rabbit differs from other animals in its biological characteristics.
Therefore, knowing and taking into account these characteristics is an
important factor in the production of quality products. Based on productivity,
breed and its own characteristics, if proper feeding and hygienic standards are
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followed, mother rabbit will give birth to 6-12, in some cases up to 16-19
children. In mother rabbits, the estrus period can be 28–30 days, sometimes
32 days. Rabbits born have a live weight of 40-90 grams. The lactation period
is more than 2 months. Up to 20 days there will be milk, after 30 days milk
production will decrease. At 4 months, it has 85% of the mother's weight, at 6
months, 87% of the mother's weight, at 8 months, it stops growing completely.
Newborn baby rabbits will have 16 milk teeth. After 5-7 days, the top is
covered with fluff (yung), and in 10-14 days, the eye opens. After 17-21 days,
it leaves the place of birth and begins to eat different foods. From the
experiments , their 1 g obesity 2 g of breast milk is enough to do determined .
Rabbits milk teeth from 18 days after fall , from 20-28 days after constant food
teeth with is exchanged . Top 16 on the jaw , lower 12 in the jaw , a total of
28 teeth have will be Rabbits medium those weighing 3 months are large
weight at 4 months sexual will be done .
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Clinical examination of rabbits of the Khykol breed
"Maqsudabonu business service" X/K
RESEARCH METHODS AND RESULTS
Caring for rabbits - before starting to raise rabbits, it is necessary to prepare a
comfortable rabbit house and cages from cheap materials, but fully meeting
hygiene requirements.
There are many methods of rearing rabbits in a private farm, and the method
of free rearing in a large room is still used today. But this method has its own
disadvantages, in particular: due to the fact that female and male rabbits of
different ages live together, the breeding process cannot be controlled at all;
female rabbits prepare their nests by digging in the ground, so the possibility
of getting close to the rabbits is limited. In short, raising rabbits with this
method is useless and the cost is not covered.
it causes inconveniences such as carrying out these operations in unfavorable
weather conditions . Therefore, it is appropriate to keep rabbits in a rabbit
hutch.
A rabbit hutch should be built based on a project made of wood, metal and
reinforced concrete. Rabbits in a rabbit hutch are sheltered from wind, rain
and snow. Feeding containers can be partially mechanized by equipping them
with conveyor belts for moving them. A rabbit hutch can also be built from
beams, posts, boards and bricks. Such a rabbit hutch blocks the dangerous
environment for animals, prevents the entry of rodents such as mice, rats and
other predators. The rabbit hutch should be well lit, ventilated by means of
windows, ventilation pipes and holes. The lack of light and fresh air causes
the rabbit's coat to become of poor quality. It is also necessary to build a
warehouse for storing equipment and feed inside the rabbit hutch.
In the conditions of Uzbekistan, it is economically efficient to have 2-story
rabbit cages in newly established agro-firms and multi-branch farms as the
main and additional sectors, and it is desirable to have 2-2.5 cm between each
cage. An area of 8–10 m
2
in size in the middle of the building is preferable for
equipment and daily feed stock . Windows are placed at a height of 1.2 m from
the floor, and the ceiling is up to 2.8 m. The color of the walls is white, and
lime should be used for this. The entrance gate for the rabbit hutch is installed
in the opening position, 1.2 m wide and 1.5 m high. The entrance door for
employees is placed 0.8 m. The size of the rabbit hutch is 12x24 m, 3,800
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mother rabbits, 12,000 young breeding rabbits and 25,000 young rabbits will
be housed in the building. For the construction of the rabbit hutch, moisture-
resistant, that is, non-water-absorbing, mold-proof building materials are used.
3.3 - 3.5 m
3
of space for one female rabbit , 0.55 - 0.60 m
3
for young rabbits
. Rabbit troughs are 8–10 cm wide, up to 15 cm high, and the feeding front is
6 cm. The mother rabbit's maternity ward is installed outside. The water
supply system should be placed at the top of the cage or 10 cm above the
manger, as in poultry. Because their metabolism is accelerated. Therefore,
clean water should always be available.
It is recommended to ensure air exchange for rabbits in summer and winter
0.5 m
3
, in spring and autumn 1.5 m
3 per hour.
The best bedding is wood
shavings, which has a heat retention rate of 100%, hay 84%, and straw 79%.
3 kg of bedding is used for one rabbit per year. As far as possible, straw should
not be used as bedding.
Keeping rabbits in modern cages
Relative humidity should be 40-70%, wind speed inside the building should
be 0.3 m/s, carbon dioxide should be 10 mt/m
3
. Temperature sensitivity
(homoothermy) develops in rabbits in 30–45 days. For young rabbits,
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temperatures below 20 °C are considered cold. If the temperature is below 10
°C, the growth will be 16.6%, the survival of the born rabbits will decrease by
6.3%, if the temperature is above 10 °C, the feed consumption will increase
by 33%, taking into account that the temperature should be 15-20 °C in winter,
autumn and spring months. provided that it should not exceed 25 °C in
summer.
Dimensions of cages for rabbits of different breeds
Group
Length, cm
Kingly, cm
Front wall
height, cm
Next wall
height, cm
Floor
surface, cm
2
Yirik
150
70
75-90
45-55
10500
Average
100-120
60
60-80
45
6000-7200
Tivitli
150
80
60
45
12000
Feeding
Rabbits can digest fiber in roughage better than poultry. Hay contains 19–20%
of fiber, 40–60% of green leaves, cabbage, roots and fruits, 20–40% of the
husks of grain crops, including sorghum, oilseed bran and bran, 75– 85%
digests Jerusalem artichoke, potatoes, beets and blue greens by 85-90%.
Depending on the type of food, it digests hay 50-75%, green fodder 60-85%,
root vegetables 80-85%, 70-80% grain grain seeds, bran and oil seeds 75-85%.
The feeding norms of rabbits are determined according to their live weight,
age and physiological condition, the feed unit is in grams, and the
exchangeable energy is in MJ. Digestible protein is required to be 12–16 g for
growing rabbits older than 4 months, 15–18 for pregnant and lactating rabbits,
and 16–17 grams for growing young rabbits up to 4 months of age. The
mineral requirements of rabbits are very high, especially in lactating mother
rabbits and young growing rabbits, 1% calcium and 0.6-0.7% phosphorus are
required on a dry matter basis.
Taking into account the lack of calcium and phosphorus macroelements in the
feed, bone meal, meat-bone meal, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate
and bentonite clay mineral supplements are added in 2-2.5% of the dry matter
of the feed. In addition, 0.5 g for young rabbits, 1-1.5 g for old rabbits, 2 g for
young rabbits, and 2.5 g for lactating rabbits are added to the ration of sodium
elemenite. In addition to macroelements, microelements such as iron, copper,
zinc, manganese, these elements are added to the feed ration as salts or in the
form of a premix.
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Taking into account the above, it is advisable to widely use enriched feeds in
industrialized feeding. Their stomachs should never be empty, at least half of
their stomachs should be full of food, otherwise rabbits may eat their own
feces (capraphagy) and as a result they will be reinfected with parasitic
diseases.
Enriched feeds for rabbits
Rabbits often, i.e., 70-80 times a day in 1.5-2 minutes, rarely, depending on
age, male and female 130-160 g in the quiet period, male and female 160-200
g during preparation for mating, strait rabbits 180-200 g, lactating (with 6–8
cubs) mother rabbits should be fed 260–300 g on days 1–10, 360–440 g on
days 11–20, 450–560 g on days 21–30, 570–700 g on days 31–45, weaned
rabbits until the sorting period, they are fed with food from 70 grams to 150
grams. Rabbits are nocturnal animals by nature, so they should be fed most of
their food at night.
CONCLUSION
Rabbit farming is one of the profitable industries, rabbit farming does not
require a lot of labor, it reproduces quickly, feeds little, gives nutritious meat,
in a word, anyone can do this industry. Care and feeding should be carried out
correctly only based on the information given above.
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