Volume 6| March, 2022 ISSN: 2795-7624
Eurasian Medical Research Periodical
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Page
| 186
Introduction:
Over the years of independence,
comprehensive measures have been taken in
the country to develop the beekeeping
industry. It is also necessary to radically
improve the management system of the
beekeeping network, organize breeding work
in the industry on a scientific basis, increase
the efficiency of beekeeping, further increase
the volume and range of honey production,
introduce
modern
honey
processing
technologies, Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 16, 2017
No. DP- 3327 "On measures for the further
development of the beekeeping industry in the
Republic" in order to increase the export
potential of the industry, apply best practices in
the field of beekeeping in all regions of the
country, serves as a program for the further
development of this network. Our country has
very favorable geographical conditions for the
development
of
beekeeping.
Currently,
beekeeping companies have been replaced by
large farms and private beekeeping farms.
Private beekeeping farms number from 50 to
100-200-500 bee families, new private
beekeeping farms are multiplying.
The development of beekeeping is
mainly hindered by varroatosis, acarapidosis,
American and European rot, nosematosis,
ascospherosis, pesticide poisoning and a
number of other infectious and parasitic
diseases.
It is not known in which areas these
diseases are more or less common, at what
time of the year they occur, the causes of
diseases, the percentage of bee colonies
affected by these diseases and the amount of
damage caused by them.
In the field of beekeeping, imported
drugs that are not approved by regulatory
documents are used to treat the above
diseases. For the treatment of varroatosis, only
Russian-made Bipin is used. Jakobson's varroa
mites, which cause varroatosis, have already
become resistant to the drug, and its effect on
mites has decreased.
Based on this, in recent years,
intensive research has been carried out in
beekeeping to study bee diseases and develop
measures to combat them.
Varroatosis
is one of the most dangerous
Measures for the prevention and
treatment of varroatosis in bees.
Rakhimov Mukhamad
Yunusovich
Veterinary Research Institute
AB
S
T
RAC
T
The article provides information on the prevention and treatment of varroatosis, which
is often found in bees and causes great economic damage. It is an invasive disease that
can be acute or chronic. In the prevention of this disease, it is advisable to ensure
zoohygienic environmental conditions and the exchange of effective drugs against the
disease.
Keywords:
Varroatosis, mite, pyrethroid, honeycomb, drug, medicine,
disinfection.
Volume 6| March, 2022 ISSN: 2795-7624
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diseases of bees today and is a serious obstacle
to the development of beekeeping. Despite
more than forty years of study of the disease
and the use of various methods to combat it,
the disease is on the rise, and the pathogenesis
and pathogenicity of the disease are increasing.
Varroatosis is an invasive disease of
bees caused by Varroa Jacobson gamasid mites,
a member of the Parasitiformes otryadining
Gamasoidea family. The mites parasitize the
bodies of worker bees, male bees and young
larvae. The div length of the female tick is on
average 1.1 mm, width 1.7 mm; div length of
male tick 1.0 mm, width 0.9 mm. The main
areas where ticks feed are between the head,
chest and abdomen, and between the 3 anterior
abdominal wheels. In the div of one worker
bee, male bee or queen bee, from 3 to 5 mites
can live (Figure 1, 4).
Vorroa mites hibernate only females
and develop sexually in the bodies of worker
bees, queens and males, as well as larvae
develop and multiply in the div on
honeycombs. Before covering the larvae, the
female tick enters the cells and lays 3 to 8 eggs
on the walls of the cells or on the div of the
larva. Several female mites may enter the cell at
the same time to lay their eggs. The mite egg is
egg-shaped and milky white in color. The
female tick hatches from the eggs on the 8-9th
day after the eggs are deposited on the cells,
and the male ticks hatch on the 6-7th day. The
female mite joins the male in the closed bee
hive and after mating, the ready female mite
attaches itself to the div of the bee as the bee
leaves the hive and comes out with them on
their div. Female ticks can fast for 5
–
6 days at
22
–
25°C and 70
–
80% relative humidity. In
dark hives where there are no bees, they can
live 6-7 days, in open worms they live - 15 days,
in closed ones - 32 days, in the dead bodies of
bees - 3-5 days, in the bodies of dead pupae - 7-
11 days.
O‘r
ta er miqyosidagi joylarda
urg‘ochi
kana 5 oydan 12 oygacha va undan ortiq
yashashi mumkin.
Female mites, with their piercing
sucking apparatus, damage the chitinous
membrane of the bee, feed on the hemolymph
of the bee, and this opens the door for
infections and allows them to become infected
with various other diseases. When mites feed
on a bee's div for 2 hours, the bee loses 0.1 to
2.2% of its live weight. In addition, ticks
themselves are carriers of various bacterial and
viral diseases. As a result, the protective system
of bees is weakened, their life expectancy is
sharply reduced, productivity and pollinating
properties are reduced. If varroatosis is not
treated regularly for a year, the family may die.
Diagnosis of varroatosis.
In hives in late
summer and early autumn, tick-borne
encephalitis is easily identified and easily
identified. In spring and summer, mites can be
found on bee carcasses, on worms and on the
wooden surfaces of hives.
In winter, the mites are also dropped
to the bottom of the hive and it is also seen that
the mites are thrown to the bottom along with
the garbage. In adult bees and male bees, they
are more often found in the div behind the
2nd and 3rd abdominal wheels. (Figure 1, 1
–
2
–
3).
In order to detect the presence of
mites, one can determine by spraying them
once on cardboard paper smeared with
petroleum jelly at the bottom of the hive,
treated with one of the types of drugs, such as
bipin, flucin, flumetrin. If varroosis of mites is
found in the hive for the first time, then bees,
dead bees are taken to nearby veterinary
laboratories, at the rate of 150
–
200 g of waste
from the bottom of the hive, 200 g of live bees
and cut 3
–
15 cm of cells with a worker bee or
bee larvae by males from the bottom hives are
placed in a small plywood box and sent for
inspection with an observer and the cover
letter. The cover letter of the observer must
include the address of the establishment, the
location of the hive, the name of the beekeeper
and the time of onset of the disease.
Disease
prevention.
Beekeepers
keep
uninfected bees in a separate area of about 15
km in a bee-free zone. Queen bees and new
small colonies are acquired from uninfected
hives. It is not recommended to keep weak bee
colonies in the apiary. If there is no flowering
plant in the area where the hive is located, then
they are fed with food rich in protein. In the
Volume 6| March, 2022 ISSN: 2795-7624
Eurasian Medical Research Periodical
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Page
| 188
apiary, the hives are placed on stakes at a
height of 30-40 cm from the ground in a dry,
windy, sunny place. The equipment and
appliances used on the apiary are disinfected.
Fight against varroatosis.
The fight against
varroatosis is carried out by killing mites in the
bodies of adult bees and worms.
Figure 1. Arachnose bees:
1 - varroatosis mites in the puppet
state of bees; 2 - in bee mode; 3 - condition of
bees infected with varroatosis; 4 - female ticks
varroatosis; 5 - joint view of female and male
ticks; 6 - trachea of bees affected by
acarapidosis:
a) healthy bee trachea;
b) the original type of damage;
c) severely damaged appearance.
Fight against mites in the div of
adult bees.
Ticks that live and parasitize on the
div of bees are killed with the help of various
odorous poisonous preparations.
Figure 2.
Apparatus Varromor.
For this purpose, the following are
effectively used: ammonia, valine, flucin, bipin,
folbex and other drugs.
Recommendations for the use of
antivarroa drugs:
1. Flucin drug.
1.1.
Flucin
is
an
emulsifying
concentrate, a dark brown liquid with a
characteristic odor, packaged in 1 ml ampoules.
1.2. The drug is stored in a dark room
at a temperature of 10-20
0
C.
1.3. Fluxin acts on varroa mites by
contact.
a
5
1
2
3
4
б
в
6
Volume 6| March, 2022 ISSN: 2795-7624
Eurasian Medical Research Periodical
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Page
| 189
1.4. The drug does not have a negative
effect on the development of bees in families of
bees, worker bees, queens, does not
accumulate in honey, wax, pollen.
2. How to use.
2.1. Antibacterial treatment against
ticks is carried out with the preparation during
the day, when the temperature exceeds 18
0
C,
when the bees are actively flying.
2.2. To prepare a working solution, 1
ml of the drug is dissolved in 5 liters of water.
2.3. Each cell of the bee family is
treated 3 times with an interval of 7 days at the
rate of 7-8 ml.
2.4. In hives, the residual action of
flucin against ticks persists for 5-6 days.
2
.
The drugs Valin, Amiacar and
Bipin are used in the same way.
Only 1 ml of these preparations is
dissolved in 2 liters of water.
3
.
Also effective are cinnamon,
dandelion, sage, burdock decoction and
herbal powder.
The powder is sprayed between
combs, 10 g for each sick family. This technique
is repeated 3 times with an interval of 7 days.
Between each infected comb 3 times
with an interval of 7 days, spray 100 g of the
drug in 10 ml of decoction boiled in 500 ml of
water for 15 minutes. Powders and decoctions
also give good results.
Сonclusions
.
Uninfected bees should be kept
in a separate area of about 15 km in a bee-free
zone.
In the apiary, the hives are placed on
stakes at a height of 30-40 cm above the
ground in a dry, windy, sunny place and the
hives are moved to areas depending on the
season.
It is recommended to alternate
effective drugs used in the prevention and
treatment of the disease. However, when a
specific drug is used against a specific disease
(parasite), the disease develops resistance to
that drug.
References:
1.
Davidov A.S. Problems and ways of
solving acarapidosis in beekeeping.
Journal "Zooveterinary", 2013, Issue 3
.
2.
Davidov, T. Katayseva, G. Uzakova.
Valine against varroatosis of bees.
Journal "Zooveterinary", 2012, Issue 2,
16 p.
3.
A.S.Davidov, G.P.Islamov. Epizootology
and economic damage from psoroptosis.
The role and perspective tasks of young
researchers in the development of
agricultural science and production.
Materials of the scientific-practical
conference
at
the
Samarkand
Agricultural Institute, part 1, 129 pages.
4.
Mavlanov S. Oripov A., Davidov O.,
Kataytseva T. Veterinary measures in
preparation for winter // Journal
"Agriculture of Uzbekistan", 2014, Issue
9, p. 12.
5.
Davidov
A.S.,
Dzhurakulov
O.K.
"Methods and means of preparing
disinfectant solutions in beekeeping"
Agronauka 3 (41), 2016, p. 25
6.
Davidov
A.S.,
Doskulov
V.M.,
Dzhurakulov O.K. Materials of the
International
Scientific
Conference
dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the
Veterinary
Research
Institute
"Medicinal plants against bee diseases",
Samarkand - 2016, pp. 86-88
7.
A.S.Davidov,
V.M.Doskulov,
O.K.
Dzhurakulov "Medicinal plants against
bee diseases" Veterinarian popular
scientific journal 2017, No. 4, pp. 39-40.
8.
Duskulov V.M., Davidov O.S., Isaev M.,
Dzhurakulov O.K. "The effectiveness of
local medicinal plants in the treatment
of bee diseases" Veterinary Medicine,
Issue 9, 2018. P. 33-35.
9.
Duskulov V.M., Elmuradov B., Meyliev M.
"Highly profitable sector of beekeeping"
Veterinary Medicine, Issue 12, 2018.
Author: Mukhamad Rakhimov, Head of the
Laboratory of Poultry and Bee Diseases
Amir Temur street 50
tel. +998995030654
Samarkand region, Taylak fortress
Veterinary Research Institute
