Third International Conference of European Academy of Science
December 20-30, 2018 [ Bonn, Germany ]
37
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL SYSTEM ANOMALIES AND
SPEECH DISORDERS IN CHILDREN BITE OF TASHKENT
CITY
I.M. Nigmatova, R.N.Nigmatov, F.K.Inogomova
(Tashkent State Dental Institute. Tashkent, Uzbekistan).
Children with anatomical and functional disorders of dental system (FDS) observed
speech disorders. This fact limits the communication with peers makes them unsociable and
closed, is often the subject of ridicule from those around children. The child hardly learns to
read and write, and later admits to writing a large number of seemingly completely
inexplicable and unmotivated by anything errors (called dyslexia and dysgraphia).
The process is carried out sound-pronunciation energy (tidal), generator (voice
form) resonator (sound form) departments of the vocal apparatus in the regulation of the
central nervous system. According to world statistics, the number of speech disorders in
children and adolescents is increasing, and therefore the urgency of this problem takes a
global character.
The purpose of this research - identifying the prevalence and relationship disorders
in children with sound-pronunciationanomaly and deformation of dental system of children
mixed dentition.
Material and methods. From 2012 to the present day it was carried out speech
therapy and orthodontic examination in 2284 (including 1115 boys and 1169 girls) of children
living in Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, at the age of 6 to 14 years.
To determine the orthodontic and speech therapy status of the surveyed children
performed clinical studies, anthropometric measurements. And functional tests, as well as X-
ray as needed. When evaluating speech function performed functional voice samples aimed at
the definition of a normal or pathological character sound-pronunciation.
Results and discussion. The survey results and their analysis shows that the prevalence of
abnormalities and deformities in children of mixed dentition is very high and is, according to
our data 65.49% (1496 out of 2284 children). But, despite the high percentage of prevalence
of dental anomalies and deformations of dentition and occlusion, providing dental, including
orthodontic care for these children, not high, and is only 6.93%.
Of the 1496 children identified in 824 (36.08%) of dentoalveolar anomalies and
deformations, including 385 boys and 439 girls were found sound-pronunciation defects
caused by anatomical defects of articulation organs of dental system and myofunctional
disorders. All 824 children we were divided into three conventional groups.
Of the 824 children identified dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations defective
sound-pronunciation were diagnosed: prognathic bite in 182 children (22.09%), progenic bite
- in 165 (20.02%) children, deep bite - in 108 (13.11 %), open bite - 85 (10.31%) children,
cross bite - in 98 (11.89%) children. Among other anomalies crowding of the teeth and
dentition occurs most often in 110 cases, transposition of teeth - 84, three, between the teeth -
63,diastem - 68 torsiversion - 53, secondary aedentia - 149, early removal of milk teeth - 122
and narrowing of the dental arch - 44, short frenulum language - 45, short frenulum of the
upper lip - the lower lip 42 and - 18.
A significant number of surveyed children have a combination of anomalies and
position of teeth with bite pathology, as well as the presence of several types of malocclusion
at the same time.
The study showed that for all children with abnormalities of teeth, dentition and
occlusion, have been characterized by various types of rotacism (uvular, velar fricative
pronunciation).
Third International Conference of European Academy of Science
38
December 20-30, 2018 [ Bonn, Germany ]
Of the 182 children in the mixed dentition with prognathic bite in most cases it has been
violated place form sizzling sounds. It is often a violation of the pronunciation of bilabial (p,
b, m), labiodental (f, c), apicals explosive letters in this pathology. Children with progenic
bite (165 children), it was noted a violation of the pronunciation of whistling and hissing
sounds, spoken as the interdental sounds. Explosive apicals sounds at the same time sounded
relaxed.
In children with a deep bite (108 children), dental lisping observed when all the
hissing, whistling sounds and affricates pronounced apicals explosive sounds (t, d). And in
children with open bite (85 children),sound-pronunciation defects were present, with the
disturbed pronunciation of whistling, hissing sounds and affricates, which is pronounced
interdental. In children with cross bite (98 children) defects sound-pronunciationinstilled in
the appearance of lateral lisping. At the side edges of the language is not adjacent to the
molars, air jet took place not on the middle line of the language, and through a side slit.
Shortened frenulum tongue (45 children) were hampered by the language movement towards
the top, right and left, there was a violation of the audio pronunciation - "p".
Shortened frenulum of the upper lip (42 children) was hampered by the mobility of
the upper lip and consequently pronunciation bilabial. A shortened frenulum of the lower lip
(18 children) occurred violation pronunciation labiodental sounds. And in fact, in both cases
labialized vowels (o, u) lost labialization sounded as approximate.
In 68 children with diastem and 149 - with edentulous even a single tooth in the
frontal area led to a background hissing when pronouncing sounds of whistling, because in
this case, it is a violation of the direction of air flow. Edentulous two or more incisors
interdental lisping deterministic appearance, with tongue in pronouncing whistling and
hissing sounds was in a gap formed by the defect of dentition.
The principle of treatment consisted of orthodontic treatment with the removal of
anomalies and deformations of dentition and muscle training, which contributed to the
normalization of the function of synergist muscles and antagonists. The effect of treatment
depend on the severity of the morphological and functional disorders of the patience and
perseverance of children, from the control of the quality of the exercise. Speech therapy
sessions conducted individually and in groups. The use of modern methods and means of
prevention and carrying out speech therapy sessions with a qualified speech therapist helped
reduce the time of orthodontic treatment. The average duration of treatment varied and was as
follows: Group 1 - 11+ 2.8 months, group 2 - 15 + 3.1 months. in 3 groups - has not been
orthodontic treatment.
Conclusions: Thus, we conducted a survey of Tashkent children aged 6-14 years
has allowed to reveal a rather high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations.
Thus, out of 2284 surveyed in 1496 children (65.49%) showed abnormalities and deformities
FDS, while 824 (55.08%) of the number of these children - sound-pronunciation defects.
Timely identification, preparation and carrying out of a comprehensive plan of treatment and
preventive measures are the key to the successful elimination of dentoalveolar anomalies and
deformations of dentition in children.
The data must be considered as a preventive and therapeutic purposes to doctors,
orthodontists and speech therapists in the construction of correctional and pedagogical work.
