32
e-mail: til_adabiyot@umail.uz
Tarjimashunoslik
Harbiy sohada tarjima og‘zaki va yozma tarjima
malakalaridan iborat bo‘lib, qisqartma (akronim va
abbreviatura), terminlar ilmiy, harbiy va harbiy-siyosiy
matnlarning tarkibiy qismi sifatida maydonga chiqadi
va ular og‘zaki va yozma nutq faoliyatining uzviyligini
ta’minlaydi.
“Tilda, asosan, ko‘p bo‘g‘inli leksemalar va bir necha
komponentdan tashkil topgan nominativ funksiyani ba-
jaruvchi leksik birliklar qisqartiriladi va ular, asosan, ot
turkumi doirasida amalga oshiriladi. Ingliz tili so‘z yasa
-
lishi iyerarxik bosqichlaridagi so‘nggi tur abbreviatsiya
va akronimlar bo‘lib, harbiy sohada ulardan foydalanish
o‘zbek tiliga nisbatan ancha keng tarqalgan”
1
.
D.S.Lotte to‘g‘ri ta’kidlaganidek: termin aniq, qis
-
qa va lo‘nda bo‘lmog‘i kerak
2
. Shu ma’noda harbiy-
lar amaliyotida qo‘llanadigan ayrim ko‘p komponentli
qo‘shma (birikmali) terminlar og‘zaki va yozma nutqda
birmuncha noqulayliklarni keltirib chiqaradi.
“Tilshunoslikda abbreviatsiyaga yondosh bo‘lgan
boshqa lingvistik hodisalar ham mavjud. Sinkopa,
anokopa, aferizis, ellipsis kabi til universaliyalari shu-
lar jumlasidan. Abbreviatsiyaning nazariy masalalari
tilshunoslikda yetarlicha, chuqur yoritilmagani sababli
ba’zida uning obyekti bo‘lmagan birliklarga ham qisqart-
malar deb qaraladi”
3
.
Abbreviaturalar, asosan, so‘z birikmalari kompo-
nentlarining bosh harflari asosida vujudga kelgan qis
-
qartmalardir.
Terminlarni tarjima qilish jarayonida abbreviatu-
ra va akronimlarni elementlarga ajratish, kengaytirish
yo‘li orqali qisqartmalarga aniqlik kiritish, ularni sod-
dalashtirib talqin qilish maqsadga muvofiq. Tarjimada
ularning differensial xususiyatlari ham nazarda tutilsa,
yo‘l qo‘yilishi mumkin bo‘lgan turli chalkashlik va g‘aliz-
liklarning oldi olinadi.
Qurolli kuchlar mutaxassislari harbiy sohaga oid
adabiyotlar va hujjatlarda uchratishi mumkin bo‘lgan
inglizcha harbiy qisqartmalarning tushunilishini oson-
lashtirish maqsadida bir qator akronim va abbreviatu-
ralarni taklif qilamiz.
MC – Military Coalition – Harbiy koalitsiya/ittifoq;
MS – Military Secretary – Harbiy kotib; MC – Movement
Control – Harakatlar nazorati; RAF – Royal Air Force
– Buyuk Britaniya qirollik havo kuchlari; INTERCOS –
International Code of Signals – Signallarni xalqaro kod
-
lash; ARRL – American Radio Relay League – Amerika
radiouzatishligasi;AAD–Anti-AircraftDefence–Havo
hujumiga qarshi himoya; CNAS – Corpus Naval Air
Oybek AXMEDOV,
O‘zDJTU dotsenti, filologiya
fanlari doktori
INGLIZ TILIDAGI HARBIY QISQARTMA
TERMINLAR TARJIMASI
Station – Dengiz havo kuchlari aviabazasi.
Akronim va abbreviaturalar harbiylarning vaqti va
kuchini, quvvatini tejaydigan til vositalari bo‘lsa-da,
hamisha ham qisqartmalarni yaxlitligicha (o‘z holicha)
qo‘llash muloqot va tarjimada o‘zini oqlamaydi. Ularni
to‘g‘ri tushunishda ularning tarkibiy qismlarini tasnif qi-
lish, har bir element o‘ziga xos mustaqil leksik-semantik
ma’noni ifodalovchi so‘z bo‘lagi ekanligini anglash, ularni
kengaytirish yo‘li orqali tarjima qilish lozim bo‘ladi. Ayrim
manbalarda qisqartmalarni ifoda etish va tasnif qilish,
odatda, barcha turdagi murakkab termin yoki so‘zlar
-
ning bosh harflarini olib qisqartirish yo‘li orqali sodda
-
lashtirish keng tarqalgan usul ekanligi ta’kidlanadi.
Harbiy soha amaliyoti doirasida ko‘zlangan maqsad
-
ga erishish uchun ingliz tilidagi akronim va abbreviatura
terminlarini bir nechta leksik-semantik guruhga ajratib
ko‘rsatamiz:
a) Qurolli kuchlar tizimida tashkilot, idora, uyushma
nomlarini ifodalovchi akronim va abbreviaturalar:
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization –
Shimoliy Atlantika ittifoqi tashkiloti; ICAO – International
Civil Aviation Organization – Xalqaro fuqaro aviatsiya
-
si tashkiloti; ITU – International Telecommunication
Union – Xalqaro telekommunikatsiya birlashmasi; IMO
– International Maritime Organization – Xalqaro dengiz
foti tashkiloti; FAA – Federal Aviation Administration
– Federal aviatsiya ma’muriyati; ANSI – American
National Standards Institute – Amerika milliy stan
-
dart ins tituti; MC – Military Court – Harbiy sud (tribu
-
nal); RASC – Royal Army Service Corps – Buyuk
Britaniya harbiy xizmat birlashmasi; BMA – Board of
Military Appeals – Harbiy ishlar yuzasidan shikoyatlar
-
ni ko‘rib chiquvchi boshqarma (idora); MA – Military
Alliance – Harbiy ittifoq; OMPP – Office of Military
Public Prosecutor – Harbiy prokuratura; MA – Military
Academy – Harbiy akademiya; MH – Military Hospital
– Harbiy gospital; GH – General Headquarters – Bosh
shtab
va h.k.
b) Harbiy sohaga oid rasmiy hujjat va unvon nomla
-
rini ifodalovchi terminlar:
WL–WarLoan–Harbiyzayom/kredit;MA–Military
Agreement – Harbiy bitim; DO – Defence Order – Harbiy
buyruq/buyurtma; CB – Commander of Battalion –
Batalion komandiri; GA – General of the Army – Armiya
generali; C – Colonel – Polkovnik; LC – Lieutenant
Colonel–Podpolkovnik;M–Major–Mayor;O–Officer
– Zobit; Pro – Provost – Marshal; NSO – Naval Staff
Officers–Dengizfotizobitlari;GMRA–GeneralMajor
veb-sayt: www.tilvaadabiyot.uz
33
Tarjimashunoslik
of Royal Artillery – Buyuk Britaniya qirollik artileriyasi
general mayori, MOC – Military Officer in Charge –
Harbiy boshliq.
d) Harbiy sohada faoliyat yuritayotgan xodimlarga
xizmat ko‘rsatish (servis)da uchraydigan akronim va
abbreviaturalar turlari:
APO–ArmyPostalOffice–Harbiypochtaxizma-
ti; C – Canteen – Oshxona; JAG – JudgeAdvocate-
General – Bosh maslahatchi/konsultant; MS –
Medical Station – Tibbiy punkt; DS – Dental Service
– Stomatologiya xizmati; PHS – Printing House and
Stationery – Kanselariya va nashriyot; TM – Transport
Means – Transport vositalari; RS – Railway services –
Temiryo‘l xizmati; IWT – Inland Water Transport – Ichki
suv yo‘li transporti; FR – Flat Rent – Kvartira ijarasi
va
boshqalar
.
Ingliz tili harbiy terminologiya tizimida turli so‘z
bo‘laklaridan tarkib topgan yakka komponentli terminlar-
ni ham qisqartirish o‘ziga xoslik kasb etadi. Masalan:
Mlzd – militarized – harbiylashgan; cpt – captain –
kapitan; mlt –militaristic – harbiy ruhdagi; mjr – major
–mayor;at–anti-terror–antiterror;amt–amount–
miqdor; cld – cleared – tozalangan; g – general – gen
-
eral; brg – brigade – guruh; jamoa, otryad; tr – trans
-
port – transport; s – supply – ta’minot; adjt – adjutant
– ad’yutant, yordamchi; grd – guard – qorovul; rjm –
regiment – polk, qo‘shin
va h.k.
Ingliz tilidan farqli o‘laroq o‘zbek tilida birikma
-
li, murakkab shakldagi harbiy soha abbreviaturalari
og‘zaki nutqda kamdan-kam hollardagina qisqartirilgan
shaklda qo‘llanadi. Masalan,
TOHTBYU – Toshkent oliy
harbiy texnika bilim yurti – Tashkent Military Technical
Institute, MV – Mudofaa vazirligi – Ministry of Defense,
IIV – Ichki ishlar vazirligi – Ministry of Internal Affairs,
DXX – Davlat xavfsizlik xizmati – State Security Service,
AAT – Avtomatlashtirilgan axborot tizimi – Automated
Information System
shular jumlasidan. Sinxron tarjima
jarayonida odatda termin birikmalar qisqartirilmay yax-
litligicha (kengaytirilgan holda) qo‘llaniladi. Masalan,
T.R.B – The Rife Brigade – Piyoda askarlar guruhi;
R.A.M.C – Royal Army Medical Corps – Buyuk Britaniya
harbiy tibbiy birlashmasi; A.F.R.U – Armed Forces of
the Republic of Uzbekistan – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi
Qurolli Kuchlari
va h.k.
Ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va ilmiy tushunchalarni ifodalash
jarayonida qo‘shma va birikmali terminlarning muqo-
bili bo‘lmish akronim va abbreviaturalar og‘zaki va
yozma nutqning tejamkor vositasi vazifasini bajaradi.
Mazkur xususiyat aksariyat ingliz tili harbiy terminlari-
ga xos bo‘lib, tarjimada ularning tarkibini tashkil etuvchi
so‘zlarning o‘zaro ichki bog‘liqligiga aniqlik kiritib, ken-
gaytirilgan shakl orqali talqin qilish maqsadga muvofiq.
First of all, Euronews stories, especially in such news
programs as All Views, Prime Edition, No Comment
and World News are famous for their headlines. The
headlines in every story within the program are usually
kept short (5-10 words) and follow SVO – subject-verb-
object structure
1
. Here come some of them:
French elections under scrutiny
Russia to trial fan ID ahead of football World Cup
Turkeys encircling dead cat baffles Internet
Parvina OMONOVA
,
Candidate for a Master’s Degree
of the Uzbek State World Languages University
MASS MEDIA AS A GREAT TOOL OF TEACHING AND ANALYZING
THE LANGUAGE
Use of the mass media as a teaching instrument in the classroom has increased considerably at
all grade levels in the past few years. A modern teacher can use TV news programs and newspapers to
teach comprehension and critical thinking and to help students develop sensitivity and awareness of the self,
community, nation and the world. Learning the specific features of the language and style in news programs of
Euronews gives a great chance to teach writing skills.
Londoners evacuated as quarter-ton WWII bomb
found
High winds cause havoc across USA
These headlines help viewers catch the idea of the
topic being reported at one glance and/or keep track
of the news reporting’s special coverage from the
channel’s or program’s perspective. According to The
Elements of Style
2
, the bible of media writing in English,
headlines use present simple for past events (High
Tahlil
