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ФИО авторов:
Akhmedov Oybek Saporbayevich, Mamatqulova Ziyodaxon
Ibroximjon qizi
Master Student of Uzbekistan state world languages University, Doctor of Science in
Philology,
Professor of Uzbekistan state world languages University
Название публикации:
«LINGUO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT
OF "YOUTH" IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES»
Abstract
The article discusses the figurative implementation of the concept of "YOUTH"
in English and Uzbek. The interaction of different cultures has allowed the processes
to take a contrasting approach to linguistics. This is done by comparing elements of
languages belonging to different language groups or even families.
The purpose of the article is to study the universal features of the concept of
"YOUTH", its similarities and differences in English and Uzbek linguo-culture. The
methodological basis of the research is a comparative analysis of the images derived
from the name of the concept under study. This article follows the various roles that
the concept of “youth” means in society. As a complex reality, the concept has many
layers, some of which are universal for representatives of any culture or ethnicity, while
others are unique and therefore serve as an interesting object for linguistics and cultural
research.
This material can be utilized in the practice of intercultural communication in
the process of translation in the teaching of English to the Uzbek audience in
educational institutions in order to develop intercultural communication between
students.
Keywords
Concept, Youth, Linguistics, Intercultural, Feature, Maturity, Frame, Meaning,
Linguo-culture, English language, Uzbek languages
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Introduction
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in studying the linguocultural features of
each concept. This reveals similarities and differences in the characteristics of a
concept in different cultures.
The great importance of the concept of “youth” has made it one of the basic
concepts of many nations. Youth is mainly a spiritual, moral and ethical category, the
main features of which are the creative activity of the individual, the belief in the
highest moral values and the growth of the general interest of man (Abdullin, 1995).
Let’s look at the language units that express the concept of “youth” in English
and Uzbek dictionaries. According to the Oxford Dictionary (2014): "Youth is a period
between childhood and adulthood; deficiencies related to vigor, freshness, or youth; an
early stage in the development of something; youth is perceived as a group."
Douglas Harper's Etymological Dictionary of English (2001) contains the
following information about the etymology of the word "youth": "youth (n.) Old English
geoguð "youth; young people, junior warriors; young of cattle," related to geong
"young," from Proto-Germanic *jugunthi- (cognates: Old Saxon juguth, Old Frisian
jogethe, Middle Dutch joghet, Dutch jeugd, Old High German jugund, German jugend,
Gothic junda "youth"), from suffixed form of PIE root *yeu- "vital force, youthful vigor"
(see young (adj.) + Proto-Germanic abstract noun suffix *-itho"
In Uzbek language, the concept of "youth" is conveyed by the word “yoshlik”.
According to the Annotated dictionary of the Uzbek language the concept of
“youth” refers to “o’smirlik”, “navqironlik” that is the period of age and also signifies
youth-specific behavior and character.
The definition of youth is likely to change depending on the situation, especially
with changes in demographic, financial, economic and socio-cultural conditions;
however, the definition, which uses the period from 15 to 24 years as youth, serves its
statistical purposes to assess the needs of young people and to ensure youth
development.
The concept of Youth is known as a period of transition from childhood
addiction to adult. Youth, in a universal sense, is a period of life in childhood and
adolescence. Therefore, as a category, youth is more variable than other periods of age.
However, youth is the easiest way to identify this group, especially when it comes to
education and employment, because “youth” is usually applied to individuals older
than the period of leaving mandatory education and finding their first job. It is still
portrayed as a period of experimentation with a role and personality that relieves the
burden of social norms and responsibilities, but gradually prepares young people to
become full members of the social collective. In the process of social integration,
young people are confronted with a complex social system made up of elements such
as tradition, history, social demands, hopes and future prospects, and this is a worthy
foundation for their personal lives.
In everyday life and language, the concept of “youth” is related to the state of
being young, especially with that period of life between childhood and adulthood.
Sometimes the word “youth” is used interchangeably with the word “young man”. It
seems to mean the same thing. Nevertheless, with plural, ‘youths’, the meaning
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expands. “Youths” is a word that carries a very large burden. This burden includes
ideas of disorderly young people, mostly men, working in groups and at least the
inconvenience of the streets. The concept of youth is not a neutral definition of youth,
although it is often used in this way. When not used critically and carefully, it mainly
leads to negative perceptions of the behavior and attitudes of young people, both as a
group. Being young is related to the natural biological period in the life cycle that is
associated with growth from childhood to adolescence. The concept of youth is related
to this biological condition, but it is also related to society. It has social and biological
meaning. People grow up in certain social contexts and young people have a special
place in any society. The experiences associated with youth and the meanings
associated with “youth” interrelated the social and economic status held by young
people, as well as their biological progress. In this sense, youth means the “burden”
that it carries, shifts, and changes in time and place. Of course, there is a difference
between being young in the past and being young today. The same reason, being young
in one part of the world gives different effects of being young in another. Thus, youth
has historical and spatial aspects as a social concept. The Concept of Youth Every
society, in time and space is structured in such a way that individuals and groups
occupy different social positions and various social roles. Typically, social structures
reflect the distribution of wealth and power, and this distribution does not affect
different groups equally. Although some common biological features of being young
can be identified, there is no single universal meaning that applies to all ages. The
concept of “youth” is an unacceptable generalization to reflect the complex practices
of being young in any situation. Still, the meanings associated with the concept of
youth, and the common way the term is used, say something about the dominant
attitude toward young people. These mainly affect the perception and upbringing of
young people. The concept of youth is a concept that implies similarities between
people of identical age, and is used as a basis in the creation of social rules and
institutions that reinforce these similarities. This affects the way in that young people
understand and comprehend their youth. That is why “Youth” is a real social and
biological experience. However, at the same time, the reality of life for people of
different ages and different age groups varies according to wealth or power issues
determined by different categories, such as class, gender, or marital status, then there
will be no general youth experience. Understanding something of the complex
interrelationship between the idea or concept of youth and the different realities of
young people’s lives can convey our understanding of the world in which different
young people inhabit.
"Youth" can be divided into sub-slots: physical development, priorities,
emotional development and spiritual development. At this stage, a person strives for
self-improvement in everything, including physical development. He maintains
himself in shape through sports, exercise, proper nutrition, takes care of himself. We
considered it necessary to highlight the slot “Priorities”, because at this stage a person
has ambitions, he sets goals and seeks to achieve them. He makes plans, hopes, he is
looking for something new. The main priorities of this period are marriage, career,
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money and so on. Youth is the last period of a baby as an intermediate stage of youth
and puberty.
Youth is conceptualized in two ways: on the one hand as a stage model of
individual development and on the other hand as an element of social integration
processes. One can usually distinguish aspects of one and the other in different
concepts of youth. Thus, the modern image of youth unites the elements of the
pedagogical appearance of youth as a forming object by requiring seamless integration
into the adult community. Pedagogy and education direct the individual to cultural and
civic maturity, which complementing the biological development of human being,
because it was a natural way of growing up with cultural influences and goals, resulting
in a valuable, cultured person. This requires a clear normative understanding of youth
development patterns. Rather, it is a basic sociological views stems from the goal of
social stability, to which youth, like all social groups, must contribute. In this sense,
youth is a functional section of the social structure.
Thus, the languages we study have much in common in expressing the concept
of “youth”. However, there are differences: for example, the concept of “youth” in
English includes not only the age group, but also some of the qualities that are unique
to young people. Although the concept is individual for each person, it can be expressed
as a frame according to the values recorded in the dictionary.
Based on the interpretation of the Oxford Dictionary, the concept of “youth”
presented in the form of a frame can be divided into 4 subsections: “period of life”,
“quality of life”, “youth as a group” (or youth in a collective sense), “early stage of
development".
"Emotional Development." This subsection contains information that provides
an idea of how an individual (in this case, a child) can express emotion. He laughs,
smiles, cries, frowns (to cry, to smile, to scream, to frown, to laugh).
"Spiritual Development." The spiritual development of a child takes place
through the development of different values. The child is interpreted what is bad, what
is good, what can be done and what is forbidden, what is good and what is bad.
"Further Physical Development." At this stage of life, the next physical
development of a person takes place. The data in this slot can be transmitted through
word power, energy, and others.
"Development of Cognitive Skills." In the “youth” phase, the adolescent learns
the world and the world around him through reading, questions, and observation. With
all of this, he is still reflecting, arguing, and thinking about something. The following
verbs are best suited to describe this slot: to read, to listen, to reflect, to understand, to
ask, to remember, to argue etc.
Now let's move on to the structure of the concept of "youth" in Uzbek language.
As noted above, in annotation dictionaries, the word “yoshlik” has only one
meaning – “o’smirlik”, “navqironlik”. However, we can divide it into subframes by
comparing the concept of ‘youth’ with the English concept of ‘youth’. Thus, we have
clarified 4 subframes in the Uzbek language: "hayot davri" ("period of life"), "hayot
sifatlari" ("quality of life"), "yosh guruh sifatida" ("youth as a group"), "rivojlanishning
dastlabki bosqichi" ("early stage of development").
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"Emotional development" ("hissiy rivojlanish") is characterized by verbs similar
to "Emotional development" in English: kulmoq, jilmaymoq, yig’lamoq, qovog’ini
solmoq etc.
In Uzbek language, the rest of the development of the concept of "youth" is
almost the same as in English, such as, "Further Physical Development", "Spiritual
Development" and "Development of Cognitive Skills".
We compared the concept of “youth” in Uzbek and English language. In general,
it is considered a pre-maturity period, the main features of which are health, energy,
the pursuit of new discoveries but inexperience and immaturity. Thus, the concept of
"youth" is an essential fundament in understanding social relations and focusing on
specific groups. However, this is a concept that needs to be used critically and carefully
in order to be important in understanding the lives of a particular individual and group
of young people.
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