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SPEECH IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN WITH DENTAL ANOMALIES
Nigmatov R.N., Nigmatova I.M., Nigmatova N.R., Xanova D.N
Tashkent State Dental Institute. Tashkent, Uzbekistan
.
Children with anatomical and functional disorders of dental system (FDS)
observed speech disorders. This fact limits the communication with peers makes
them unsociable and closed, is often the subject of ridicule from those around
children. The child hardly learns to read and write, and later admits to writing a large
number of seemingly completely inexplicable and unmotivated by anything errors
(called dyslexia and dysgraphia).
The process is carried out sound-pronunciation energy (tidal), generator (voice
form) resonator (sound form) departments of the vocal apparatus in the regulation
of the central nervous system. According to world statistics, the number of speech
disorders in children and adolescents is increasing, and therefore the urgency of this
problem takes a global character.
The purpose of this research
- identifying the prevalence and relationship
disorders in children with sound-pronunciationanomaly and deformation of dental
system of children mixed dentition.
Material and methods.
From 2012 to the present day it was carried out speech
therapy and orthodontic examination in 2284 (including 1115 boys and 1169 girls)
of children living in Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, at the age of 6 to 14 years.
To determine the orthodontic and speech therapy status of the surveyed children
performed clinical studies, anthropometric measurements. And functional tests, as
well as X-ray as needed. When evaluating speech function performed functional
voice samples aimed at the definition of a normal or pathological character sound-
pronunciation.
Results and discussion.
The survey results and their analysis shows that the
prevalence of abnormalities and deformities in children of mixed dentition is very
high and is, according to our data 65.49% (1496 out of 2284 children). But, despite
the high percentage of prevalence of dental anomalies and deformations of dentition
and occlusion, providing dental, including orthodontic care for these children, not
high, and is only 6.93%.
Of the 1496 children identified in 824 (36.08%) of dentoalveolar anomalies and
deformations, including 385 boys and 439 girls were found sound-pronunciation
defects caused by anatomical defects of articulation organs of dental system and
myofunctional disorders. All 824 children we were divided into three conventional
groups.
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Of the 824 children identified dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations
defective sound-pronunciation were diagnosed: prognathic bite in 182 children
(22.09%), progenic bite - in 165 (20.02%) children, deep bite - in 108 (13.11 %),
open bite - 85 (10.31%) children, cross bite - in 98 (11.89%) children. Among other
anomalies crowding of the teeth and dentition occurs most often in 110 cases,
transposition of teeth - 84, three, between the teeth - 63,diastem - 68 torsiversion -
53, secondary aedentia - 149, early removal of milk teeth - 122 and narrowing of the
dental arch - 44, short frenulum language - 45, short frenulum of the upper lip - the
lower lip 42 and - 18.
A significant number of surveyed children have a combination of anomalies
and position of teeth with bite pathology, as well as the presence of several types of
malocclusion at the same time.
The study showed that for all children with abnormalities of teeth, dentition and
occlusion, have been characterized by various types of rotacism (uvular, velar
fricative pronunciation).
Of the 182 children in the mixed dentition with prognathic bite in most cases it
has been violated place form sizzling sounds. It is often a violation of the
pronunciation of bilabial (p, b, m), labiodental (f, c), apicals explosive letters in this
pathology. Children with progenic bite (165 children), it was noted a violation of the
pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, spoken as the interdental sounds.
Explosive apicals sounds at the same time sounded relaxed.
In children with a deep bite (108 children), dental lisping observed when all the
hissing, whistling sounds and affricates pronounced apicals explosive sounds (t, d).
And in children with open bite (85 children),sound-pronunciation defects were
present, with the disturbed pronunciation of whistling, hissing sounds and affricates,
which is pronounced interdental. In children with cross bite (98 children) defects
sound-pronunciationinstilled in the appearance of lateral lisping. At the side edges
of the language is not adjacent to the molars, air jet took place not on the middle line
of the language, and through a side slit. Shortened frenulum tongue (45 children)
were hampered by the language movement towards the top, right and left, there was
a violation of the audio pronunciation - "p".
Shortened frenulum of the upper lip (42 children) was hampered by the
mobility of the upper lip and consequently pronunciation bilabial. A shortened
frenulum of the lower lip (18 children) occurred violation pronunciation labiodental
sounds. And in fact, in both cases labialized vowels (o, u) lost labialization sounded
as approximate.
In 68 children with diastem and 149 - with edentulous even a single tooth in
the frontal area led to a background hissing when pronouncing sounds of whistling,
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because in this case, it is a violation of the direction of air flow. Edentulous two or
more incisors interdental lisping deterministic appearance, with tongue in
pronouncing whistling and hissing sounds was in a gap formed by the defect of
dentition.
The principle of treatment consisted of orthodontic treatment with the removal
of anomalies and deformations of dentition and muscle training, which contributed
to the normalization of the function of synergist muscles and antagonists. The effect
of treatment depend on the severity of the morphological and functional disorders of
the patience and perseverance of children, from the control of the quality of the
exercise. Speech therapy sessions conducted individually and in groups. The use of
modern methods and means of prevention and carrying out speech therapy sessions
with a qualified speech therapist helped reduce the time of orthodontic treatment.
The average duration of treatment varied and was as follows: Group 1 - 11+2.8
months, group 2 - 15+3.1 months. in 3 groups - has not been orthodontic treatment.
Conclusions:
Thus, we conducted a survey of Tashkent children aged 6-14
years has allowed to reveal a rather high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and
deformations. Thus, out of 2284 surveyed in 1496 children (65.49%) showed
abnormalities and deformities FDS, while 824 (55.08%) of the number of these
children - sound-pronunciation defects.
Timely identification, preparation and carrying out of a comprehensive plan of
treatment and preventive measures are the key to the successful elimination of
dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations of dentition in children.
The data must be considered as a preventive and therapeutic purposes to
doctors, orthodontists and speech therapists in the construction of correctional and
pedagogical work.
Literature:
1.
Нигматов PH, А. H., & Ёкубов, Ш. (2023, April). Комплексное лечение речевых
нарушений у детей с деформацией зубного ряда. In Conferences (pp. 291-293).
2.
Нигматов Р.Н., Муртазаев С.С., Нигматова И.М., Арипова Г.Э.,
Шамухамедова Ф.А., Кодиров Ж.М., Акбаров К.С., Расулова Ш.Р., Аралов
М.Б., Нигматова Н.Р. (2023). Отчет о опубликованные научные труды
сотрудников кафедры ортодонтии и зубного протезирования за 2022-23
учебный
год. Conferences,
167–187.
извлечено
от
http://journals.scinnovations.uz/index.php/aposo/article/view/1146
Нигматов Р.Н., Нигматова Н.Р., Зиявутдинов Бехзодхон Фахриддин углы,
Гафуров Абдулазиз, Джураев Жамолиддинхужа. (2023). Ортодонтическое
лечение феномена годона взрослых перед протезированием. Conferences,
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http://journals.scinnovations.uz/index
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TO'LIQ RETENSIYAGA UCHRAGAN VA ATIPIK JOYLASHGAN
QOZIQ TISHLARNI KOMPLEKS DAVOLASH
Nigmatova I.M., Shaamuhamedova F.A., Murtazaev S.S., To’laganov B.B
Ne’matova M.A
magistr 1-kurs
.,
Baxtiyorova M.
I magistr 1-kurs
Toshkent Davlat stomatologiya instituti “Ortodontiya va tishlarni protezlash” kafedrasi,
Toshkent, O’zbekiston
Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi:
Doimiy tishlarning chiqish vaqti va holatining
anomaliyalari orasida eng ko'p kuzatiladigani yuqori qoziq tishlarning o'z vaqtida
chiqmasligi hisoblanadi. Tishlarning o'z vaqtida chiqmasligii follikulyar kistaning
rivojlanishiga, qo'shni tish ildizlarining rezorbsiyasiga olib kelishi mumkin va bu
holat murakkab ortodontik va jarrohlik davolashni talab qiladi. Doimiy tishlarning
chiqish vaqti va holatining anomaliyalari yuz-jag' sohasining morfologik,
funktsional va estetik buzilishlarga sabab bo'ladi va 4 dan 18% gacha holatlarda
uchraydi. Klinikada qoziq tishlar retensiyasi eng ko'p uchraydi 51%. Frontal tishlar
retensiyasi (ayniqsa, qoziqlar) yuz estetikasini buzadi, tish yoyining bir tomonga
surilishiga sabab bo'lishi mumkin.
Tadqiqotning maqsadi:
Klinik tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatadiki tishlarning o'z
vaqtida chiqmasligi follikulyar kistalar rivojlanishiga, yaqin atrofdagi ildizlarning
rezorbsiyasiga olib kelishi mumkin. Shu sababdan retensiyaga uchragan tishlarni
davolashning kompleks usullarini ishlab chiqish tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi
hisoblanadi.
