№ 30 (2025) Академические исследования в современной науке

As is known, in creating and managing brand value, product promotion, additional values, and psychological relationships between the consumer and the manufacturer are of decisive importance. In particular, brand positioning, shaping its position in the minds of consumers, and maintaining it in conditions of constant competition have become one of the important research areas in the fields of marketing and management today.

The full name of the enlightener Ahmad Donish (1827-1897) is Ahmad Ibn Mir Nasir Ibn Yusuf al-Hanafi al-Siddiqi al-Bukhari, and Donish is his literary pseudonym. He was a poet, thinker, writer, artist, calligrapher, scientist and enlightener who lived and worked in the Bukhara Emirate in the middle of the 19th century and became famous for his progressive ideas.

In his discourse entitled "Pressing Challenges of Production, Industry, and Prospects for Technological Advancement," presented on September 2-3, 1955, in Tashkent, N.A. Mukhitdinov, a prominent figure within the government of the Uzbek SSR, examined the themes of specialization and cooperation. These subjects encapsulated the production dilemmas spanning from 1950 to 1980. His address emphasizes not the integration of agrarian and industrial sectors but rather the formation of industrial unions and complexes. During this period, issues about specialization and cooperation within Uzbekistan's industrial enterprises had been insufficiently addressed, leading to a lack of adequate consideration in the formulation of industrial construction strategies. This negligence is ascribed to a propensity among numerous organizations to overlook this economic element and the progressive methodologies of production organization until the last possible moment. 

Ushbu maqolada Hamza hakimzoda Niyoziy qalamiga mansub bo‘lgan “Zaharli hayot yohud ishq qurbonlari” daramasidagi makubning asar qurilishida, ma’no-mazmunida qanchalik muhim ekani, Maryamxonning Mahmudxonga yozgan maktubining asl mohiyati haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

Ushbu maqola 10-13 yoshli yosh bokschilarning jismoniy tayyorgarligi rivojlanish dinamikasini o‘rganib, muvofiqlashtirish, chaqqonlik, kuchli chidamlilik, portlash kuchi va chidamlilikni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan. Turli xil jismoniy qobiliyatlarni baholash uchun bir qator testlar o‘tkazildi. Bizning tadqiqotimiz shuni ko‘rsatdiki, bu fazilatlar ushbu yosh oralig‘ida notekis rivojlanadi, muayyan davrlar ma’lum fazilatlarning rivojlanishiga yordam beradi. Koordinatsiya va epchillikni rivojlantirish uchun 10-11 yosh optimal ekanligi aniqlangan. 11-12 yoshda kuch chidamliligi, 12-13 yoshda esa portlash kuchi va chidamliligi rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shgan. Bu natijalar yosh bokschilarning o‘sib borayotgan jismoniy imkoniyatlariga mos keladigan yoshga mos o‘quv dasturlarini ishlab chiqish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi. Keyingi tadqiqotlar yoshlarning boks bo'yicha tushunchalarini boyitish va samarali o‘quv dasturlarini ishlab chiqishni qo‘llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan.

Jahonda global iqlim o‘zgarishi jumladan qurg’oqchilikning qishloq xo‘jaligiga salbiy ta’siri kuchayib borayotgani tufayli g‘o‘zaning genetik, fiziologik-biokimyoviy va qimmatli-xo‘jalik ko‘rsatkichlarini tadqiq etish bo‘yicha ilmiy izlanishlar olib borilmoqda [1;2.]. Bugungi kunda yetishtirilayotgan g’o’za navlari tola sifati hosildorligi yuqori bo’lishi bilan bir qatorda chigit tarkibidagi oqsil, yog’ miqdori yuqori bo’lishi ham muhum hisoblanadi. Paxta xom ashyosidan biri hisoblangan chigit foydalanish maqsadlariga koʻra ikkiga, urugʻlik va sanoatda qayta ishlanadigan texnik chigitlarga boʻlinadi. Chigit tarkibini o‘rganish sanoat uchun muhim hisoblanadi. Chunki chigitdan yog‘ va chorva mollari uchun to‘yimli yem-xashak va boshqa xo‘jalik maqsadlarida foydalaniladigan mahsulotlar olish mumkin [3.].  Chigit magʻzi tarkibida 24 dan 29 % ga qadar moy bor. Oʻzbekiston yogʻmoy sanoati korxonalarida har yili 1,5— 2 million t texnik chigit qayta ishlanib paxta yogʻi, shulxa (chigit poʻchogʻi), kunjara olinadi. Chigit chiqindilarini qayta ishlab, ulardan sellyuloza, spirt, lok va boshqa mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishda foydalaniladi [5.].

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) form the bedrock of many developing economies, acting as vital engines for employment generation, innovation, and overall economic growth. However, this crucial sector faces significant threats from macroeconomic policy shifts, particularly increases in interest rates. This article examines the multifaceted impacts of interest rate hikes on SMEs within developing economies through a comprehensive review and synthesis of existing literature. The analysis reveals that rising interest rates negatively affect SMEs by increasing their borrowing costs, reducing access to credit, dampening investment, escalating operational expenses, diminishing consumer demand, and ultimately elevating the risk of loan defaults and business closures.

The article analyzes the system of international protection of the rights and interests of minors as an integral part of the field of human rights. The historical, social, and legal foundations of the development of the international legal institution of children's rights are clarified. The stages of the evolution of the international human rights protection system since 1945 are examined, particularly the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1966 International Covenants, and their connection to children's rights. The processes of specification and specialization of international human rights instruments since the 1980s are analyzed, along with the content and significance of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, the 2000 Optional Protocol, and the 1993 Hague Convention. Furthermore, the role of institutional mechanisms in the international human rights protection system, their effectiveness, and the process of improvement are studied.

Ushbu maqolada kutubxona xizmatlarining zamonaviy jamiyatdagi ijtimoiy-madaniy jarayon sifatida roli tahlil qilinadi. So‘nggi yillarda kutubxonalarda yuz berayotgan yangiliklar va yangi xizmat ko‘rsatish shakllarining jamiyat hayotiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada kutubxona va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro munosabatlar, shuningdek, madaniyat, ta’lim, axborot-kommunikatsiya tizimi kabi ijtimoiy institutlar bilan hamkorlik masalalari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, kutubxona xizmatlarining yoshlar, kattalar, migrantlar kabi turli ijtimoiy qatlamlarga ko‘rsatiladigan individual yondashuvlari hamda zamonaviy texnologiyalar asosida avtomatlashtirish jarayoni ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola kutubxonalarning jamiyatda ma’naviy-ma’rifiy, ta’limiy va madaniy ahamiyatini yoritib, ularning ijtimoiy-madaniy jarayonlardagi muhim o‘rinini ta’kidlaydi.

The integration of digital marketing and family entrepreneurship creates new opportunities for Uzbekistan's economy. This dissertation analyzes the application of digital marketing in family entrepreneurship, its role in developing new business models, and the potential for expanding job opportunities. Digital marketing offers many benefits, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises, by enhancing market competitiveness, reducing costs, and attracting new customers. The thesis also examines the role of digital marketing in job creation and economic development within the family entrepreneurship sector in Uzbekistan.

Mazkur maqolada kichik sanoat zonalarini tashkil etishda bank kreditlaridan samarali foydalanish masalalari o‘rganilgan. Kichik sanoat zonalari iqtisodiyotni diversifikatsiya qilish, hududiy bandlikni oshirish va xususiy tadbirkorlikni rag‘batlantirishda muhim omil bo‘lib xizmat qilmoqda. Shu nuqtai nazardan, ularning moliyaviy jihatdan ta’minlanishi, xususan, bank kreditlarining roli dolzarb masala sanaladi. Maqolada bank kreditlarining afzalliklari, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari tahlil qilinib, Andijon viloyatidagi amaliy holatlar misolida tahliliy natijalar keltirilgan hamda amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

Raqamli marketing va oilaviy tadbirkorlikning integratsiyasi O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti uchun yangi imkoniyatlar yaratmoqda. Ushbu tezisda raqamli marketingning oilaviy tadbirkorlikda qanday qo‘llanilishini, yangi biznes modellarini yaratishda qanday o‘rin tutishini va shu orqali yangi ish o‘rinlarini kengaytirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli marketingning ko‘plab afzalliklari, ayniqsa, kichik va o‘rta biznes sub’yektlariga bozorda raqobatbardoshlikni oshirish, xarajatlarni kamaytirish va yangi mijozlarga erishish imkoniyatlarini taqdim etadi. Tezisda, shuningdek, raqamli marketingning O‘zbekistonning oilaviy tadbirkorlik sektorida ish o‘rinlarini yaratish va iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi o‘rni o‘rganiladi.

Ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi O‘zbekistonda oilaviy tadbirkorlikni raqamlashtirish orqali yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratish imkoniyatlarini o‘rganishdir. O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotida oilaviy tadbirkorlik muhim rol o‘ynab, aholi bandligini ta’minlashda asosiy omilga aylangan. Raqamli texnologiyalar oilaviy tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirishda samarali vositaga aylanmoqda, chunki ular yangi ish o‘rinlarini yaratish, biznes jarayonlarini optimallashtirish va mahsulotlarni yangi bozorga olib chiqishda yordam beradi. Tadqiqotda oilaviy tadbirkorlikning raqamlashtirilishi bilan bog‘liq muammolar, imkoniyatlar va ularning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ta’siri keng yoritilgan. Ma’lumotlar 2023-yil holatiga asoslanib taqdim etilgan bo‘lib, ushbu tadqiqot O‘zbekistonda raqamli transformatsiyani joriy qilishning kelajak istiqbollarini o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot nafaqat iqtisodiy, balki ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashning samarali vositasi sifatida oilaviy tadbirkorlikni raqamlashtirishning muhimligini ta’kidlaydi va kelajakda amalga oshirilishi lozim bo‘lgan chora-tadbirlarni taklif etadi.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of how transactional (muʿāmalāt) issues are addressed in contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. The study examines how traditional Islamic legal principles are interpreted and applied in the context of globalization and modern economic reforms. Particular focus is given to the concept of murābaḥah contracts, which are widely used in Islamic finance. The paper investigates legal complexities arising in Western legal systems when adjudicating Islamic financial transactions, exemplified by the case of Islamic Investment Company of the Gulf Ltd. v. Symphony Gems N.V.

This study analyzes the role and significance of entrepreneurship in the national economy. Entrepreneurship is the driving force of a market economy, playing a crucial role in creating new jobs, introducing innovations, and increasing societal welfare. The research examines the role of small and medium-sized business entities in economic development, the government support provided, and the growth rates of the private sector. Additionally, it highlights opportunities for expanding the domestic market, enhancing export potential, and addressing social issues through the development of entrepreneurship.

Foreign Management Models play a significant role in studying various aspects and approaches of global business practices. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of international management models, highlighting their importance in shaping corporate strategies, leadership styles, and enhancing management efficiency within organizations. By examining the practical application of international experience, the article focuses on developing innovative approaches and effective work methods in management. It analyzes the distinctive features of foreign models and the processes of adapting them to local conditions. The article aims to critically review the best international practices in management and explain how they can be successfully implemented in local businesses.

This article analyzes the procedures, processes, and features of registering private entrepreneurship in the Navoiy region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It examines the opportunities created for the development of entrepreneurship in the region, the legal framework, and existing challenges. In addition, recommendations are provided for further development of entrepreneurship in the region.

Нарушения осанки, в частности сколиоз, являются одной из наиболее распространённых патологий опорно-двигательного аппарата у детей и подростков [2]. Согласно данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ), сколиоз диагностируется у 2–3% детей школьного возраста, причём у детей, активно занимающихся спортом, риск развития сколиоза может быть выше из-за неравномерных нагрузок на позвоночник [4].   Сколиоз не только приводит к физическим ограничениям, но и оказывает значительное влияние на психосоматическое состояние ребёнка. Дети с нарушениями осанки часто сталкиваются с повышенной тревожностью, снижением самооценки, эмоциональной нестабильностью и ухудшением качества жизни [1].

Цифровизация банковской сферы сопровождается ростом киберугроз, что делает проблему кибербезопасности особенно актуальной. В условиях постоянного усложнения ИТ-инфраструктуры банков требуется системный и принципиальный подход к формированию устойчивой защиты данных. На сегодняшний день развитие информационных технологий пораждают необходимость в разработке более надежной системы защиты для обеспечения надлежащего уровня их кибербезопасности. Стоит отметить, что возможности банковской деятельности стремительно растут и на данном этапе она играет основную роль в функционировании экономических институтов и в жизни каждого человека. Это в свою очередь повышает риск информационной безопасности в банковской сфере. Изучение проблемы и возможности ее управления безопасности в банковской сфере придает особую остроту в нынешних условиях.

В условиях цифровизации банковская система становится всё более уязвимой перед лицом киберугроз. В данной статье представлен сравнительный анализ законодательства Узбекистана и ряда зарубежных стран в области кибербезопасности в банковской сфере. Особое внимание уделено вопросам нормативно-правового регулирования, соответствию международным стандартам (таким как ISO/IEC 27001, GDPR), а также институциональной инфраструктуре обеспечения информационной безопасности в финансовом секторе.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare, genetically determined skin disorders characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and mucous membranes. Although primarily considered a structural disease, increasing evidence supports the involvement of systemic inflammation in its pathogenesis. Circulating immune complexes (CICs), as immune mediators and markers of chronic inflammation, have not been extensively studied in EB, especially in pediatric patients.

Статья посвящена явлению билингвизма в лингвистике и его классификации.

Ushbu mаqоlаdа milliу g‘оуа аsоsidа dunуоqаrаsh shаkllаntirishning ilmiу-рedаgоgik imkоniуаtlаri tаhlil qilingаn. Milliу g‘оуа jаmiуаt а’zоlаrini birlаshtiruvchi, umummilliу qiуmаtlаrni ifоdаlоvchi ijtimоiу g‘idоуdir. Mаqоlаdа milliу g‘оуаning tа’limdаgi о‘rni, uning dunуоqаrаsh shаkllаntirishdаgi rоli, shuningdek, рedаgоgik аmаliуоtdа qо‘llаnilishi mumkin bо‘lgаn sаmаrаli уо‘llаr kо‘rib chiqilgаn.

This paper analyzes the opportunities and advantages of automating decision-making processes in banking financial information systems using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. AI and ML technologies have been successfully applied in banking for risk management, credit scoring, fraud detection, and optimizing investment strategies. By automating decision-making with AI/ML, banks can achieve faster and more reliable results, while reducing operational costs. The paper also explores system architecture, integration, and the impact of these technologies on security concerns.

The aim of the review was to systematize the current data on the medical management of patients after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for secondary cataract and to identify optimal strategies for the prevention of complications. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and CyberLeninka databases for 2014-2024 using the keywords "Nd:YAG capsulotomy," "secondary cataract," "intraocular pressure spike," "cystoid macular edema," and "anti-inflammatory therapy." Thirty- four studies meeting the selection criteria were included in the analysis. The results indicate that the combined use of hypotensive agents (β-blockers, carboanhydrase inhibitors, rock inhibitors) and prolonged anti-inflammatory therapy (topical GCS ± NSAIDs) reduces the incidence of intraocular pressure spike by more than 70% and reduces the risk of cystoid macular edema development to 1-2%. Low-energy laser mode (≤35 μJ, ≤25 pulses) additionally reduces the probability of damage to IOL and vitreomacular structures. Individualization of treatment taking into account biometric parameters of the eye, total laser energy and risk factors (myopia, pseudoexfoliation, early macular changes) provides the best functional outcomes and forms the prerequisites for standardization of clinical recommendations.