The article takes into account the role of roads and bridges in the national economy, their natural conditions, productivity, efficiency and safety of road and rail transport, the principles of feasibility study of the parameters of all road elements, their durability after construction.
Keyingi yillarda anomal issiq, suv tanqisligi kabi dolzarb muammolar uchramoqda. Bunday sharoitlarda tabiiyki, ozuqabop ekinlar hosildorlik imkoniyatlari pasayib ketadi, har bir gektar yerdan yetishtirib olinadigan ozuqa birligi kamayib ketadi. Bu esa o’z navbatida chorva molari ozuqa bazasi uchun salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatadi. Bunday vaziyatlarda suv tanqisligiga va issiqqa bardoshli ozuqabop ekinlarning nav yoki namunalarini sinash va tanlash dolzarb ahamiyatga ega hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada issiqqa va suvsizlikka bardoshli bo’lgan ozuqabop ekinlarni ekib o’rganish, tanlash bo’yicha natijalar keltirilgan
The paper proposes a method for synthesizing an adaptive fuzzy synergistic controller with discrete time for indefinite nonlinear dynamic objects, with changing parameters in time. The synthesized adaptive controller takes into account the non-linear nature of the object, allows its parameters to adapt to environmental changes: The synthesis of the controller is carried out by the hybrid application of the methods of the theory of synergistic control and fuzzy system and gives the system asymptotic stability and t d the desired dynamic properties of the control system, with the ability to adapt to changes in the parameters of the object. The proposed method of synergistic control guarantees the reliability and asymptotic stability of the control system and makes it possible to use typical and atypical control laws. To overcome the difficulties associated with the uncertainties of the function of the states of objects, the use of a neural network model of the Mamdani Type is proposed. A sigmoidal function is used as t the membership function, which is distinguished by the simplicity of implementation and the possibility of differentiating input wariables. The resulting control law has an analytical dependence, which significantly increases the possibilities of its implementation on microcontrollers. The simulation results by example showed the effectiveness of t of the proposed method relative to the known ones
The issues of measuring the thermal conductivity of building materials are considered. A measurement model and formulas for estimating the total standard uncertainty of thermal conductivity measurement are presented.
Рассмотрены вопросы измерения прочности бетона методом поверхностного прозвучивания ультразвуком. Приведены модель измерения и формулы для оценки суммарной стандартной неопределенности измерения.
The article describes the concept of risk-based risk management, as well as theoretical recommendations and ideas for its management, to form a business strategy in the construction sector of the economy